Federal Road Service
Russia
VEHICLE,
Common roads
Moscow, 1999
Federal Road Service of Russia
(FDS of Russia)
ORDER
Moscow
On approval of the norms "Maximum masses and dimensions vehicleoperated on public roads »
In order to ensure security road, reliability and preservation of general road roads and road structures, taking into account their carrier capacity and carrying capacity Order: one . To approve the accompanying norms "Maximum masses and dimensions of vehicles operated on general use roads", coordinated with the Ministry of Transport of Russia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2. FDS Russia's maintenance department (Sorokin S.F.), together with the legal department of the Federal PDC of Russia (Yenikeev Sh.S.), agree on the established procedure with interested ministries and departments and submit until June 1, 1999 for approval by the management of the Federal PDC of Russia "Rules skipping heavy and (or) large vehicles by road road General use "and" Instructions on the procedure for compensation for damage caused by heavy vehicles when driving on public road roads. " 3. Control over the execution of this order shall be entrusted to the Deputy Head of the Federal PDC of Russia Urmanova I.A. Head V.G. Artyukhov
Federal Road Service
Russia
Maximum masses and dimensions
VEHICLE,
Operated on automotive
Common roads
Moscow, 1999
1 . General provisions
1.1. The provisions set forth in these standards relate to the mass and size of vehicles permitted for use in Russian Federation On public roads, installed on the basis of the requirements for ensuring the safety of road traffic, the reliability and safety of roads and road structures, taking into account their carrier and carrying capacity. The above-mentioned mass limits and vehicle dimensions are not related to the production of vehicles, the requirements for which are established by other standards and norms. 1.2. Vehicle or part of its parts forming part of combined vehicles, sizes, as well as the total weight and axial load of which do not exceed the values \u200b\u200bestablished by sections 3, 4 and 5 of these standards, are allowed to move on federal and territorial public road roads. For other roads, designed and built on smaller, the loads specified in sections 3, 4 and 5, other (smaller) vehicle masses may be installed by the owners of roads, for federal roads - the Federal Road Service of Russia, for territorial automotive roads - executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, for municipal roads - local governments. Decisions on the decrease in the size and mass of vehicles are taken on the basis of road surveys and can be permanent or temporary. At the same time, the body that has taken such a decision is obliged to establish the appropriate road signs On the road or its site, which introduces additional mass limits and the size of vehicles and inform the users of roads. 1.3. The vehicle and its part forming the combined vehicle, the mass and / or axial load of which and / or the size of which exceed the maximum values \u200b\u200bestablished by these standards can move on roads only if there are special permissions issued in the prescribed procedure by the competent authorities. The movement of such vehicles on roads is carried out in accordance with the "Instruction on the transport of large-sized and heavy cargoes by road on the roads of the Russian Federation", approved by the Ministry of Transport of Russia 27.05.96 1.4. In addition to the limiting values \u200b\u200bof the total mass and axial loads established by these requirements, the mass of transported cargo and the distribution of the load on the axes should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bestablished by the manufacturer for a particular vehicle. 1.5. For the purposes of these norms, the following concepts and definitions are used: a vehicle - a device intended for transportation on road roads and passengers; Cargo car - a vehicle projected and built exclusively or mainly for the carriage of goods; Tractor - vehicle, designed and built exclusively or mainly for towing a trailer or semi-trailer; Trailer - a vehicle intended for the transport of goods by towing a tractor or truck; The semi-trailer is specially equipped for the transport of goods, intended for a connection with a tractor in such a way that part of this vehicle is located directly on the tractor and transmitted a significant proportion of its weight; Motor tray - a combined vehicle consisting of truck carmobile and trailer; The articulated vehicle is a combined vehicle consisting of a tractor articulated with a semi-trailer; The bus - a vehicle intended for the carriage of passengers and their baggage, which has more nine seats, including a driver; Articulated bus - A bus consisting of two or more rigid sections connected to each other and having a passenger salon in each section that allows passengers to move freely from one cabin to another; Combined vehicle - Combination truckconsisting of a cargo car connected to a semi-trailer; Maximum length, width and height of the vehicle - length, width and height of the vehicle with load or without cargo, not exceeding the values \u200b\u200bspecified in section 3 of these standards; Maximum linear vehicle parameters - linear parameters that do not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Section 3 of these Norms; Maximum vehicle mass - weight of vehicle with cargo or without cargo, which does not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Section 4 of these Norms; - Mass transmitted through the vehicle axis to the surface of the road, not exceeding the normative value; Indivisible cargo - the cargo that when transporting by the road can not be divided into two or more parts without excessive costs or risk of its damage and which, being immersed on the vehicle, will exceed its maximum size and mass; Air suspension - the suspension system in which the amortization element is air; Truck - two and more axes having a common suspension to the vehicle; Single axis - the vehicle axis, located at a distance of more than 1.8 m to the nearest axis of this vehicle; Frightened axes - axes (two or more) vehicles located at a distance between them less than 1.8 m.2. Measuring the mass and size of vehicles
2.1. The length of the vehicle is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 Standard 6.1. At the same time, when measuring lengths in accordance with the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted by car are not taken into account: a device for cleaning glass and mudguards; Front and side marking plates; devices for sealing and protective devices for them; devices for fixing tarpaulin and protective devices for them; Equipment for electrical lighting; rear vendor mirrors; devices for viewing space for the car; air duct tubes; the length of the valves and connectors for connecting with trailers or removable bodies; Steps to access the body; lift for a record auto stroke; Lifting platforms, steps for access and similar equipment not exceeding in the operating position 200 mm and in such a way that they cannot increase the limiting mass of the vehicle loading; Coupling devices for towing vehicles or trailers. 2.2. The height of the vehicle is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 Standard 6.3. Moreover, when measuring the height, taking into account the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted on a vehicle should not be taken into account: antennas; Pantograph in raised position. For vehicles having a device for lifting an axis, the effect of the effect of this device is taken into account. 2.3. Vehicle width is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 Standard 6.2. When measuring the width of the vehicle, taking into account the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted by car are not taken into account: devices for seals and seals and protective devices to them; devices for fixing tarpaulin and protective devices for them; Devices for self-stacked damage ; protruding flexible parts of the mudguards; lighting equipment; Steps in the working position, suspended platforms and similar equipment that in the operating position do not exceed 10 mm on each side of the vehicle and forward or backwards, the angles of which have a radius of at least 5 mm, and the edges of which have roundings with a radius of at least 2 , 5 mm; Rearview mirrors; Pressure indicators in auto strokes; retractable or retractable steps; The curved part of the surface of the auto stroke, protruding the point of its contact with the Earth. 2.4. The axial mass of the vehicle is measured at a dynamic vertical load transmitting through a single axis to the surface of the automotive road, from a loaded car. The measurement is made by special automotive scales that have passed the certification in the prescribed manner. The axial mass of the cart, located on the same suspension, taking into account the design of the vehicle, is defined as the sum of the measurement of the mass of each of the axes included in the trolley. 2.5. The total weight of the vehicle or its part forming the part of the combined vehicle is defined as the sum of the measured masses of all vehicle axes or its part.3 . Maximum dimensions and other vehicle parameters
The maximum dimensions of vehicles, taking into account the size of removable bodies and cargo containers, including containers, should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bbelow. 3.1. Maximum length: truck - 12.00 m of the trailer - 12.00 m of the articulated vehicle - 16.5 m of the articulated bus - 18.00 m of the road train - 20.00 m 3.2. Maximum width: All vehicles - 2.50 m 3.3. Maximum height - 4.00 m 3.4. The maximum distance between the axis of the compiler constipation and the rear of the semi-trailer should not exceed 12.00 m. 3.5. The maximum distance measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the distance from the external front point of the body or the site for installing the cargo to the cab to the rear outer point of the trailer, minus the distance between the rear of the tractor and the front of the trailer should not exceed 15.65 m. 3.6. The maximum distance measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the road train, from the external front point of the body or platform to install the cargo for the cabin to the rear outer point of the semi-trailer should not exceed 16.40 m. 3.7. Mounted in the body of the vehicle, the cargo should not be for the back exterior point of the car or the trailer by more than 2.00 m. 3.8. Distance between rear axis The truck and the front axle of the trailer must be at least 3.00 m. 3.9. The horizontally measured distance between the axis of the semi-trailer hinge and any point of the front of the semi-trailer should not exceed 2.04 m. 3.10. Any vehicle when driving should provide the possibility of turning within the space limited by an external radius of 12.50 m and an internal radius of 5.30 m. 3.11. The maximum distance between the axis of the bonding device constipation and the rear part of the combined vehicle should not exceed 12.00 m.four . Regulatory total weight of vehicles *
* The regulatory common masses of vehicles are not allowed to exceed by more than 20%.Table 4.1.
|
Type of motor vehicle |
Regulatory general mass of motor vehicles, t |
|
| Trucks a) two-axle car | ||
| b) three-axle car | ||
| d) four-axle car with two leading axes, each of which consists of two pairs of wheels and has an air or equivalent suspension | ||
| Vehicles forming part of a combined vehicle A) two-axis trailer | ||
| b) three-axle trailer | ||
| Combined vehicles articulated vehicles | ||
| a) two-axis tractor with a two-axis semi-trailer with a total base of 11.2 m and more | ||
| b) two-axis tractor with a three-axis semi-trailer with a total database of 12.1 m and more | ||
| c) three-axle tractor with a two-axis semi-trailer with a total base of 11.7 m and more | ||
| d) three-axle tractor with a three-axis semi-trailer with a total database of 12.1 or more | ||
| e) a vehicle consisting of a 18-ton truck and a 20-ton semi-trailer in case the vehicle has a leading axis consisting of paired wheels and equipped with an air or equivalent suspension with a total database of 13.3 m and more | ||
| Road train a) two-axle cargo car with a two-axis trailer with a total database 12.1 m and more | ||
| b) two-axle cargo car with a three-axis trailer with a total database of 14.6 m and more | ||
| c) two-axle cargo car with a four-axle trailer with a total database of 16.5 m and more | ||
| d) three-axis cargo vehicle with a two-axis trailer with a total database of 14.6 m and more | ||
| e) three-axle cargo vehicle with a three-axis trailer with a total database of 15.9 m and more | ||
| e) three-axle cargo car with a four-axle trailer at a total database of 18 m and more | ||
| Buses a) two-axle bus | ||
| b) three-axle bus | ||
| c) three-axis hinged articulated bus | ||
| d) four-axle hinged articulated bus | ||
five . Regulatory axial loads of motor vehicles
Table 5.1.
Regulatory axial loads of motor vehicles *
* Motor vehicle axial loads should not exceed the normative axial loads by more than 40%.
|
Types of vehicle axes |
Calculated axial load on which road clothing is calculated, TC |
|||
|
two-tight |
single-car |
|||
| Single axis | ||||
| Dual axes of trailers, semi-trailers, driving axles of trucks and buses at distances between the axes: | ||||
| d) equal or more than 1.8 m | ||||
| Stored axes of trailers and semi-trailers at distances between the axes: | ||||
| a) more than 0.5 m, but less than 1.0 m | ||||
| b) equal or more than 1.0 m, but less than 1.3 m | ||||
| c) equal or more than 1.3 m, but less than 1.8 m | ||||
| d) equal or more than 1.8 m | ||||
| - The same, when mounting on an air or equivalent suspension | ||||
| 1. General Provisions. 2 2. Measuring the mass and size of vehicles. 3 3. Maximum size and other parameters of vehicles. 4 4. Regulatory total weight of vehicles. 5 5. Regulatory axial loads of motor vehicles. 6. |
Trucks ride across the country, increasing wear is expensive and creating emergency situations. To reduce risks, the Limits of the transported goods are established. From the load table on the axis of the truck in 2019, it is possible to determine if the inspector will have a reason to impose a fine.
The overloaded truck is unsafe for the driver and others, which can entail an accident or a forced stop.
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To avoid problems on the roads, it is necessary to know the rules and fines for overloading on the axes, since this problem often arises among the drivers.
What it is
The load on the axis is considered to be the pressure of the cargo on the mass of the machine, which is transmitted to the road surface with axes when moving. The mass of the car and the load on the axis are interconnected, since the first is the amount of loads on both axis.
The pressure on the rear axle is almost always more, but depends on the type cargo platform At the back of the transport. In front, the main load is the power unit and the driver's cab.
To know which limit is laid during transport, it is necessary to understand the types of vehicles:
- shadows and semi-trailers are the most popular on russian roads. Used to transport any cargo. Loading occurs on any side, load capacity is about 25 tons;
- refrigerators or semi-trailers are used to transport perishable raw materials. They are equipped with refrigerators that can maintain the temperature from +25 to -25. Load capacity is about 20 tons;
- avtoCut is called a car with a trailer, which is very convenient to load and unload. They transport any small cargoes, capacity is from 15 to 25 tons;
- jumbo is considered trailers that accommodate more than others. The trailer is similar to the letter "g", has a small diameter of the wheels, so it allows you to put more product. Load capacity is about 20 tons;
- container workers are vehicles intended for the transport of containers;
- tensystem are called cars that can be used to transport bulk and liquid cargo;
- avtovoz is applied to move other machines;
- grain-carriers are used to transport grain crops;
- dump trucks are used to transport bulk cargo.
Before some bridges or on some roads, you can see signs 3.12, prohibiting the movement of machines in which the mass on one of the axis exceeds the indicated on the sign.
If the mass is higher, the driver must find another route. If a citizen continues to move, it will automatically be discharged.
Permissible load
The axis load depend on the type of separation and distance between the axes. Top 2019 data available in the table:
|
View of the separation of axes |
Distance in meters between the surrounding axes | Mounted load standards in tons | ||
| 6 tons on the axis | 10 tons on the axis |
11.5 tons on the axis |
||
| Single | not less than 2.5 meters | 5.5 | 9 | 10.5 |
| Trailers, trucks, semi-trailers, dual machines | not more than meters | 8 | 10 | 11.5 |
| from 1 to 1.3 | 9 | 13 | 14 | |
| from 1.3 to 1.8 | 10 | 15 | 17 | |
How to calculate
To avoid a fine for ignorance for exceeding the load on the axis, you can independently calculate the valid value for a specific machine.
Alone
Truck mass \u003d load on the front axle + load on 2 axis + load on subsequent axis
Suppose a citizen has a 3302 gas with two axes, for him the formula will look like this:
1200 Load on the front axle + 2300 Load on the rear axle \u003d 3200 Maximum allowable value
- information is taken from trailer and car passport data;
- it is necessary to learn from the goods supplier the actual weight, it is also indicated in the invoice;
- the load is distributed in accordance with 25% to 75% between the tractor and the trailer, so the load on the trailer is considered as follows: 0.75 * (weight of the cargo + trailer weight);
- the load should be distributed evenly on each axis if the driver knows the number of axes and a mass of the trailer with a cargo, it can determine the load size for each axis;
- to determine the load on the axis, it will be necessary to make data to the following formula: the mass of the trailer with the cargo * 0.25 * the mass of the car;
- the load on the front axle is always 25% of the entire load on the machine, the remaining 75% fall on the rear axle.
On an online calculator
Any driver can independently check the load on the axis of road trains, trucks and tractors using a convenient online calculator
The calculation is required not only to private owners, but also to legal entities that transport cargo of any kind or are going to order transportation services from specialists.
Suppose a citizen owns a semi-trailer with 4 sides. To calculate the load on the axis, it is required to ask the weight of the cargo of each side, as if there were 4 containers with goods in the car.
As checked
Control weighing occurs at special points located on the highway. Experts determine the load on the axis and the overload of the truck. There are 2 methods of verification:
- static;
- dynamic.
Both methods are popular in Russia. Static weighing involves the production of cars for special scales. This way you can find out the weight of the car at the moment. Dynamic weighing occurs at the slow motion of the car. Using it, loads for each axis separately are determined.
Most often, the vehicle is traveling by weight at a speed of up to 5 km / h. The minus of the dynamic check is the error, which is up to 3% per axis.
In Russia, they almost always use electronic scales to which the driver starts the car with a ramp. Not at all points have several types of scales, so you do not have to choose.
Load sensor
Text inside Info Blokaven 2019 is the ability to install special sensors that minimize the percentage of error. They are mounted on board the car and allow you to check the load on any of the axes at any time of the movement.
Sensors are universal, they are installed on any cars with different suspension. The system is expensive, but the maximum simplifies the calculation of load capacity when loading and unloading goods.
The main advantages of load sensors can be allocated:
- the driver can control the load at any time of movement. It is impossible to get a fine for overload, conflicts and deception of customers are excluded;
- the driver or dispatcher from anywhere in the world can control the weight of goods in the car, the sensor is associated with GPS and GLONASS systems and transmits real-time information.
What is possible overload
Article 29 of the Federal Law No. 275 found that drivers do not have the right to use the vehicle if its axis load exceeds the permissible by 2% (taking into account the error). The exceptions are cars that belong to the armed forces, which is confirmed by documents.
The law also found that if the goods weigh more than 20 tons, or it is longer than 20 meters and wider than 2.55 meters, and the height reaches 4 meters, the owner is obliged to obtain an additional agreement for the shipment.
If the size of the goods exceeds 24 meters in length and 3.5 meters wide, the truck should go from the coating machine to which an inflating sign of orange or yellow colors is installed.
If the goods exceed 30 meters long and 4 meters wide, a special permission is required. Such a cargo is always accompanied by a traffic police machine.
Responsibility for violations
Penalties depend on the type of cargo, which transports the driver, for example, dangerous, poisonous, large-sized, etc. All types of administrative punishments are spelled out in Article 12.21 of the Administrative Code.
Standard are considered 3 fine:
Some loads and high weights require permissions that are also several types and for the lack of each one is supposed to be a separate penalty. There are situations where the cargo on documents does not coincide.
After rechecking on the scales (or on sensors, if installed), the inspector has the right to write a fine of 5,000 rubles for individuals and from 100,000 rubles for organizations.
The inspector has no right to write out a fine, if there was no control weighing. An expert can define an overview on the eye, but it will not be possible to prove it.
If an advantage is detected at the weighing point, the penalty is discharged on a person who operates the car. It may be the owner, a representative or tenant. If the driver hired a firm, the penalty pays a legal entity.
If the overload was discovered by the cameras and the fine came automatically, it always pays the owner of the TC. It may require reimbursement of funds from a shipper or tenant if their illegal activities led to punishment.
Overload on the axes is a serious administrative violation, as it leads to destruction road coat And creates emergency situations on the roads. The driver feels worse than the car, it slows longer and can go to the drift when turning.
To track violations, weight control points are installed on the roads, and the traffic police inspectors are always ready to finish everyone who made a transcend on the axes.
Cargo transport can damage the roadbed and is a source of increased danger to other machines. Especially for such machines in Russia there are special rules regulating the allowed maximum mass of the truck and permissible overload. In case of their violation, penalties will be imposed on the culprit.
Legislation and general provisions
Truck transport is a serious load on the road fabric. To minimize his damage and ensure safety on the roads, restrictions were developed at the maximum mass of the truck and the responsibility was introduced for their violations.
In the Russian Federation, these norms are given in the Federal Law No. 257 and Government Decree No. 272. To follow the implementation of the norms is obliged to the traffic police.
Truck drivers should pay attention to the following points:
- Norms are valid exclusively on the general uses having a territorial or federal value.
- Machines with overload should ride only on special roads.
- If the road canvate is not able to withstand established by law Load, its owner has the right to establish its limitations.
- Before reducing the restrictions on the maximum allowable mass of the machine, the state of the road canal should be carried out.
- On tracks with restrictions for heavy trucks, road signs must be installed, warning drivers about it.
- The load standards on the axis depend on the instruction manual for the vehicle.
Maximum dimensions of freight vehicles
Maximum allowed parameters of heavy trucks are established in the CIS Country Agreement. According to him:
- The length of the car, the trailer and the bus should not exceed 12 m, for the articulated bus, this parameter is 18 m, and for the road trip - 20 m. The lifting platforms, steps, wipers, mirrors are not taken into account.
- The width of any car is less than 2.55 m. This does not include lighting devices, stairs and steps, platforms, mirrors, tire pressure indicators.
- The allowed height is 4 m, given the body or container.
Maximum allowable weight for cargo transport
The maximum weight of the cargo car is otherwise called the full mass and is the sum of the weight of the machine and cargo itself.
All heavy trucks are divided into three categories:
- low-tonnage;
- medium-room;
- large.
To the class of low-tonnage There are small trucks, including Gazelle, in which the cabin and body are located on one carrier frame. They are used, as a rule, in trade for transporting small goods for relatively short distances. The mass of such trucks is not more than 3.5 tons, and loading capacity, depending on the model - from 0.5 to 2.5 tons.
We have weight more than 12 tons and are used to transport very heavy and large-sized goods. They are often part of the saddle and trailed road trains.
In addition to the greatest weight of the transported cargo, another parameter is important to check for overload - the axial load. Since the design of the machines implies the cargo compartment from behind, the main weight of the cargo falls on the rear axle.
The permissible mass of heavy vehicles is given in Appendix 1, and the permitted axial loads - in Appendix 2 to the Government Decision No. 272. For example, on this application, a truck truck with five axes can weigh no more than 40 tons, and a three-axle car is not more than 24 tons.
To travel a vehicle that has a full mass of more than 44 tons, you need to make a special permit, where the route, sending and arrival time is marked. For a car, weighing 80 tons along with the cargo, the route make up the employees of the auto inspection.
To avoid a fine for overload along the axis, you can use a special permission
In order not to pay a fine for overload, you need to calculate the full mass of the car and the axial load. These two values \u200b\u200bare interconnected by the following ratio: the full mass is equal to the amount of loads for each of the axes. At the same time, a two-axis load on the front axis is three times less than on the back. In trailers, it is distributed evenly for each of the axes. The obtained values \u200b\u200bmust be compared with the table from Appendix 2 to the Government Decision No. 272.
According to the Federal Law, the overload can be no more than 2% of the permissible value.
In the case of overload, administrative responsibility is imposed on the culprit in accordance with Article 12.21.1 of the Administrative Code. Individual entrepreneurs bear the same responsibility as legal entities.
Penalties for exceeding the permissible mass of the cargo car are imposed on the driver, an official responsible for transporting, legal entity and the owner of the car. In the case of overloading more than 50%, the driver is deprived of rights for up to 6 months.
In addition to overload, penalties are imposed in the case of:
- deviations from the route sheet;
- instructions of false data on weight of cargo;
- lack of permission to transport large-sized goods;
- exceeding the norm of vehicle dimensions by 10 cm.
Significant innovations touched from July 1, 2015 all Russian and foreign transport companiesDue to changes in payment for the transport of large-sized cargo on federal roads by road. Now the transportation of heavy cargoes on general use roadways is carried out only under the observance of a number of conditions that are strictly stipulated by existing legislation.
The amount of such payment for heavyweight and large-sized cargoes on federal roads is calculated with:
It should be noted that the size of the lines of large-sized cargoes must be communicated to the freight, no later than 3 days before the final coordination of the route.
The procedure for the movement of such goods on the roads of federal subordination of the Russian Federation is defined by a special instruction. At the same time, domestic and foreign users or owners of vehicles are acting advantage of this road collection, which are directly transporting heavy cargo. Drive motor vehicles The above-mentioned categories of road federal subordination should be made only if there are special permits, which are issued by authorized departments of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.
The cargo distribution by car is done in such a way that the total mass of the vehicle with such a cargo does not exceed the norm set by existing instructions and applications.
Online calculator
Permissible vehicle masses
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Type of vehicle or combination of transport Funds, quantity and location of the axes |
Permissible mass Vehicle, tons |
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Single cars |
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Biaxial |
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Three-way |
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Four-axle |
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Five-axle |
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Motor track saddle and trailed |
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Three-way |
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Four-axle |
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Five-axle |
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Six kind and more |
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Permissible axle loads in 2016-2017
Permissible axial vehicle loads.
Load table on the axis of a truck.
|
Location Transport Funds |
Distance Rounded Axes (meters) |
Permissible axial loads of wheeled transport Depending on the regulatory (calculated) Axial load (tons) and number of cola on the axis |
||
|
Automotive Calculated on Axial load 6 tons / axis<*> |
Automotive Calculated on Axial load 10 tons / axis |
Automotive Calculated on Axial load 11.5 tons / axis |
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|
Single |
From 2.5 m and more |
10,5 (11,5) |
||
|
Dual axes Trailers, Semi-trailers, Freight Cars, Car- Tractors, saddles Tractacles Distance between Trolley, sum |
(inclusive) |
11,5 (12,5) |
||
|
From 1 to 1.3 (inclusive) |
||||
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1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive) |
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From 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive) |
||||
|
Built axis Trailers, Semi-trailers, Freight Cars, Car- Tractors, saddles Tractacles Distance between Trolley, sum Axial mass) |
(inclusive) |
|||
|
From 1 to 1.3 (inclusive) |
||||
|
1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive) |
21 (22,5 <*>) |
|||
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From 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive) |
||||
|
Frightened axes Freight Cars, Car- Tractors, saddles Tractor, trailers And semi-trailers, with Number of axes More than three purposes Distance between One axis) |
(inclusive) |
|||
|
From 1 to 1.3 (inclusive) |
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1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive) |
||||
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From 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive) |
||||
|
Frightened axes Transport Funds having On each axis by Eight or more One axis) |
(inclusive) |
|||
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From 1 to 1.3 (inclusive) |
||||
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1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive) |
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From 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive) |
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Control over the weight of heavy vehicles and the load on the axis has increased significantly. To date, half points of weight control on federal highways Automated, which makes it easy and quick to pass the control procedure. Nevertheless, the use of such a technique increases the charges for road "damage" several times, and with certain types of road transport - ten times.
It should be noted that the overvage of the car introduces joint responsibility of both the freight and the customer. Therefore, both interested parties should before entering into a contract for the transportation of cargo, solve all issues related to possible problems on the way.
Online calculator calculating axial loads
Fast and simple calculation of cargo cargoes
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After registration in which you can calculate the load limit on the axis, as well as the future expenditure on the operation of transport, with its movement on public roads.
www.sespel.com.
Load on the axis of a truck in 2018 - permissible, table in Russia
The operation of the truck in the current year provides for a number of specific nuances. The main of them is to prevent the overload of the means of transporting goods. The measure is achieved due to the correct distribution of the load from it of the axis of the car, so the question arises reasonably, what is the permissible load on the axis of the truck in Russia 2018?
General concepts
In 2013, the legislator introduced new types of categories and subcategories, which was dictated by the emergence of new types of vehicles in the country. To date, there are ten categories and six subcategories of vehicles on standards of legislative acts.
They are divided according to a certain type, which has characteristics characteristic and distinctive features characteristic.
What it is
Under the expression "cargo car" is meant technical remedyintended for transportation of cargo. It is transported in the bodies or on a specially equipped platform.
Its allowed mass should be proportioned by the amount of load on the front and rear axles. As a rule, the weight of the cabin and the power site accounts for the front axle, and the weight of the cargo transported by the car is available.
The main characteristics of the truck:
- appointment;
- load capacity;
- body type;
- permitted mass;
- mass without cargo;
All types of trucks have been assigned a category "C" and "C1" depending on their dimensions and carrying capacity. The direct appointment of cars is to transport cargo regardless of their mass and dimensions.
Each truck is completed, respectively, the technological documentation that is formed during the assembly.
It is made on the basis of interstate standard - GOST 33987-2016. "Wheel vehicles. Mass and sizes. Technical requirements and methods for determining. " The act has gained legal strength from February 1 of the current year.
Who extends to
The legislator introduced the requirement to pass through the drivers of a medical examination by Federal Law No. 196-FZ before reaching the flight. Its main goal is to ensure the security of their themselves and in contact with them.
If health condition does not respond to the requirements, they are removed from the performance of functional duties.
In accordance with the standards of the Federal Law, the truck management is allowed individualsresponsible for certain requirements.
These include:
- Possess Russian citizenship.
- Achievement of adulthood.
- Accessibility.
- Driving license estate.
- Recognition of fitness to the management of a truck as a state of physical health.
- The presence of registration in the residence.
Each man, a truck manager, should carry civil liability for their actions and inactivity during a ride. He must have both theoretical knowledge on the technical means and practical skills and skills of his driving.
As for a legal entity, it must be registered in state bodies - the Unified Register legal entities and federal tax service. Measure allows you to establish its organizational and legal form and status of the tax resident of the Russian state.
Where is checked
Checking compliance permissible load The conditions of safe driving are carried out by weighing on the checkpoint. The freight control procedure allows you to establish a real mass that affects the axis.
Ways to control the weight of the transported cargo:
Today d
autoexpert.today.
New requirements for axial loads are fixed by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 12.12.2017 No. 1529 1. The document is posted on the official Internet portal of legal information.
The Cabinet released a resolution, according to which changes are made immediately in several legislative sources regulating road transport cargo in Russia. The main changes are made to "Rules for the carriage of goods by car", Approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 15.04. 2011 No. 272 \u200b\u200b2. The document adjusted Appendix 2 - table of standards of permissible loads on the vehicle axis.
In the text of Appendix 2, there are 17 options for the norms of permissible axial load on transport, moving along three main types of roads: tracks capable of withstanding the load up to 6 tons per axle of the car; highways capable of withstanding up to 10 tons on the axis of the truck; and autobahn capable of withstanding up to 11.5 tons per axis of heavy truck.
The five options for the location of the axes in the vehicle are taken into account. These can be single axes, dual and structured axes and pinned axles with 4 to 8 wheels on the axis. In the table for all pinned axes, the distance between the axes is separately indicated.
Basically, the standards of loads on the axis in 2018 will remain the same. Only the requirements for cars with used axes will change slightly, the distance between which is in the range from 1.3 to 1.8 m inclusive.
For three-way cars passing on the second type of roads (the tracks designed for a load of up to 10 tons per axis), the permissible load on the axis will be 21-22.5 tons with single-sided wheels equipped with a pneumatic or equivalent suspension.
1 Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 12.12.2017 N 1529 "On Amendments to Some Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation"
2 Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04/15/2011 N 272 "On approval of the rules of cargo transportation by road"
tlnews.pro.
Our article will help you in such a hard matter as the distribution of the load on the axles of the truck: we will tell you how to operate transport with a maximum allowed mass, and how to correctly calculate it to avoid accidents and fines.
Machine with overload, whether it is a car or truck, becomes dangerous for all on the road for several reasons:
Machine itself moving on the highway. And it creates discomfort, as for the one who is behind her wheel and for other drivers. Excessive pressure languishes the mechanism, reduces the functionality of its operation and service life. Incorrect operation will lead to a unpleasant "surprise": if the item suddenly fails, you can not cope with control and get into an accident.
The owner of the vehicle can not consider the length of the braking path changed due to overload, which can lead to a collision
The "overweight" of the vehicle spoils and not the perfect road fabric of our country.
For exceeding the legislation of tonnage, you will get a fine of road service staff.
Calculation of permissible load on the axis of the truck in Russia
Cargo transportation are controlled by legal instances. An important official document regulating carriers - FZ on roads No. 237-ФЗ dated 08.11.2007. According to one of the items of this act, if the indicators exceed 2 percent, the transporter needs to be addressed to special organs. This is necessary to obtain permission to carry out its activities. Preferential conditions act for Armed Forces RF, on them this rule does not apply.
To get the tolerance of the machine owner follows:
Authorize flight - report on the route.
Make compensation for damage caused by the track.
This operation may take only one day. True, for this, the overload should not exceed 10 percent, otherwise you should not wait for a simplified procedure for issuing.
It is worth paying attention to the special pointers at the bridges and segments of highways. They inform them about the values \u200b\u200bof the weight of the machine and the load on its axis. This is explained constructive features The route and its condition (possibly emergency).
Maximum permissible load on the axis of a truck in Russia: what is the allowed mass?
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on the rules of cargo transportation by road establishes the following regulations:
For 2 parts of one machine, a valid tonnage is 18 tons.
For a built - 25 tons. Technique with a trailer will withstand all 28.
For 4 - 32 tons for single transport, and road trains with such a structure can carry loads weighing up to 36 tons.
If the "trolley" is five-litty, the mass size reaches 35 for single cars and 40 for adhesive.
The 6-in-one means of movement can not be, and 44 tons are allowed for dual models.
The above-mentioned regulatory act regulates another parameter - the load. To calculate it, it is necessary to take into account several technical parameters:
Type of route.
It can be radial, linear and ring.
Type of wheels.
Among the move models, spinning, steel and made of light alloys, such as aluminum and titanium, are separated.
The interval between the rods.
This is the distance between the tires and the end of the buffer.
How to calculate the allowed load on the axis of trucks in Russia?
You have to find out the weight of transport, and which pressure has a machine body to front and rear lines. For this, there is a simple formula form Ma \u003d H1 + H2. It binds the first and second parameters.
In H1 combined the mass of the cabin and power aggregate - Designs consisting of engine, clutch and gearbox.
H2 is always greater than the previous one, because it shows what the severity puts on the back of the car, where the cargo is usually located.
If you know the accurate weight of the machine, trailer and cargo calculation will be exemplary.
In registration documents you will find a mass of cars and wagons. Take random numbers 7 and 13 tons.
You will also need data about cargo. Let it be 8.
The most popular ratio of these parameters is 0.75 per trailer and 0.25 per tractor. Substitute our data into formulas:
Front load on the trailer \u003d 0.75 * (13 * 8) \u003d 58.5
If the weight is uniformly distributed, the desired indicator for one axis you will learn, dividing NP by the number of stable lines. Suppose them 3. Then 58.5: 3 \u003d 19.5. So many tons falls on each.
In the same way, this parameter is calculated for the axis of the machine. They occur on the remaining 0.25% of the total weight.
(MP + mg) * 0.25 + Ma \u003d nm
(13+8) * 0,25 + 7 = 12,25
The pressure on the rear axles of transport equals 0.75 from nm. Multiply the number in the last point on this coefficient. It will be released 9,1875.
And to obtain the forefront data, deduct the last result from the total NM.
12,25 – 9,1875 = 3,0624
9,1837 + 9, 1837 + 3,0624 + 3, 0624 + 3, 0624 + 19,5 + 19,5 + 19,5
It will be true only if the load is uniformly distributed. If not, the indicators will be distorted. This situation may be caused by a number of reasons:
Suspension wear.
Incorrect wheel balancing.
The trailer begins under the weight of the cargo.
The area on which there is a mass is not flat.
Another way to calculate the total weight and pressure on each axis - weighing. You can spend it in two methods:
Dynamic. The machine at the minimum speed (5 km per hour) should drive on special weights. They will automatically give the necessary data. If you decide to take advantage of this option, consider the error. It can vary from 0.5% to 3%. This is a significant drawback, since the maximum allowable excess should be more than 2%.
Static. It is carried out with the help of strain gauges. They will ensure maximum accuracy, but the device, equipped with them, is more difficult to find the device.
You can also purchase the tractor to which the monitoring system is installed. This option allows you to track the load level of the machine in real time, but not for everyone for pocket. Technique equipped with similar equipment, very expensive.
Specific costs requires the installation of a pressure gauge into pneummators. With their help, you will control the level of workload, but for ease of operation of these devices, they will have to attach special sensors. Otherwise, you will have to come every time with the weight scale.
Learn about the tachographs even more:
rctahograf.ru.
Permissible masses PBX and dimensions
¹ Sail of cargo should not exceed 0.50m. In front of the car and 1.50m. in the back of the car ² The permissible total weight of the car equipped with a speed retarder can be increased by a mass of a moderator to a maximum of up to 500 kg. |
|
tRANS.BAMAP.BY.
A trailer with three axes is connected. The car transports the cargo, the mass of which is 20 tons. In accordance with the data of registration certificates, the mass of the cargo car is 8 tons, and the mass of the trailer is 10 tons. The load on the trailer is 75% of the total mass of the trailer and the transported cargo: NPR \u003d (10 + 20) * 75% \u003d 22.5 tons. Calculation of the numerical value of the load: Indicators Calculation for each axis of the trailer Nopp \u003d 22.5 / 3 \u003d 7, 5 tons on the axis of the cargo car - ((10 + 20) * 25% + 8) \u003d 15.5 tons on the rear axles of the car NZO \u003d (15.5 * 75%) / 2 \u003d 5.8 tons on the front axle NPO \u003d 15.5 - 5,8 - 5.8 \u003d 3.9 tons The total load on the axis is: (7.5 * 3) + (5.8 * 2) + 3,9 \u003d 38 tons than threatens the overview of the car in In accordance with the generally accepted rules of the car overload entails the deterioration of the coating condition made on the road.
What permissible overview of the cargo car
- We learn the actual weight of cargo (mg). Let's take mg \u003d 19 tons.
- The most common load ratio: 0.75 - on the trailer, 0, 25 - on the tractor. Then the load on the trailer: NP \u003d 0.75 * (MP + mg) \u003d 22.5.
- It is believed that the load is distributed uniformly in the trailer. And the load on one axis (but) is NP / the number of axes \u003d 22.5 / 3 \u003d 7.5 tons per axis.
- Similarly, we consider the load on the axis of the machine.
They occur on the remaining 0.25 weights. That is (mp + mg) * 0.25 + Ma \u003d (11 + 19) * 0.25 + 6 \u003d 13.5 tons. - The load on the rear axles of the car will be 0.75 from the load on the truck. That is, 13.5 * 0.75 / 2 \u003d 5.06.
- And the load on the front axle is what remained from the total load on the car. 13.5-5.06 * 2 \u003d 3.37.
- It turns out the following exemplary pattern of weight distribution 3.37 + 5.06 + 5.06 + 7.5 + 7.5 + 7.5.
Real values \u200b\u200bmay differ.
Applications to the rules of goods by road2018
The complete and permissible mass of the vehicle will now give the definition of the full mass of the vehicle, which is most often used when transporting heavy cargo and gives an initial assessment of the risk of car overload. Full weight of the vehicle is a weight of the cargo along with the mass of the car in which this cargo is transported. Consider Example No. 1. There is a saddled road train in the composition of which: - the saddled 3-axis tractor weighing 9 tons; - a dumping 3-axis semi-trailer weighing 9 tons. The mass of the road train will be equal to 18 tons (9 t + 9 t). In the body of cars uploaded 30 m3 of the career Sand weighing 45 Tops total weight of vehicles - 63 tons (18 t + 45 tons).
The permissible mass of the vehicle is the maximum allowable value full mass car. The permissible mass of the TC depends on both the type of cargo car and on the number of installed axes.
Trucks (both single and road trains) may have single axes and pinned axes (dual, structured, etc.). Single axis of the car are located apart from each other at a distance of at least 2.5 m. Climbing axles are located on a closer distance and can be combined by 2, 3, 4 or even more axes, forming the so-called "cart". You must also tell about the types of automotive wheels. Double wheels - wheels, which are simultaneously installed on the same disk.
The disk, respectively, has other dimensions compared to the disk for single-handed wheels to which only one bus is installed. Duct wheels are set, as a rule, on the rear axles of trucks and saddle tractor, as well as on semi-trailers. The axis with single-table and duples is shown below.
axis with single-sided wheels axis with duct wheels 2.
Over a car
What it is under the expression "cargo car" means a technical means intended for transportation of cargo. It is transported in the bodies or on a specially equipped platform. Its allowed mass should be proportioned by the amount of load on the front and rear axles.
As a rule, the weight of the cabin and the power site accounts for the front axle, and the weight of the cargo transported by the car is available. The main characteristics of the truck:
- appointment;
- load capacity;
- body type;
- permitted mass;
- mass without cargo;
- the location of the driver's cabin towards the front axle;
- full weight towed trailer.
All types of trucks have been assigned a category "C" and "C1" depending on their dimensions and carrying capacity.
Ministry of Transport updated the norms of permissible load on the axis of the truck
Attention
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On Approval of Cargo Transport Rules by road" Act is emitted April 15, 2011 per number 272. His last editor is dated December 22, 2016 the Code of Administrative Offenses, part of the first act was emitted on December 30, 2001 at the number of the 195-FZ Order of the Ministry of Transport On approval of transport rules dangerous cargo By road "Act emitted on August 8, 1995 for the number 73, and its last editor dated October 14, 1999 In conclusion, it should be noted that all person involved in the operation of the facial truck should control compliance with the admissible and actual load on the axis cargo car. Failure to comply with the requirements of the legislator entails the use of administrative penalties.
It is expressed in the imposition of a fine-size fine.
New Rules for heavy cargoes
Now the transportation of heavy cargoes on general use roadways is carried out only under the observance of a number of conditions that are strictly stipulated by existing legislation. The amount of such payment for heavyweight and large-sized cargoes on federal roads is calculated with:
- the absolute mass of the heavy truck;
- distances between vehicle axes;
- the length of the entire route in which the load should be.
It should be noted that the size of the lines of large-sized cargoes must be communicated to the freight, no later than 3 days before the final coordination of the route. The procedure for the movement of such goods on the roads of federal subordination of the Russian Federation is defined by a special instruction.
How to calculate the load on the axis of the truck
) 23.5 (24) from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive) 15 (16) 22 (23) 25 (26) Frightened savory-free cars, car tractors, saddaleaggers, semi-trailers trailers, scolish the axes of more than three bailion Axis) to 1 (inclusive) 3.5 (4) 5 (5.5) 5.5 (6) from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive) 4 (4.5) 6 (6.5) 6.5 ( 7) from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive) 4.5 (5) 6.5 (7) 7.5 (8) from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive) 5 (5.5) 7 ( 7.5) 8.5 (9) Frightened oste-vehicle environments, which are available to each axis of the s) to 1 (inclusive) 6 9.5 11 from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive) 6.5 10.5 12 (inclusive) 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive) 7.5 12 14 from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive) 8.5 13.5 16 control over the weight of heavy vehicles and the load on the axis has increased significantly.
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For vehicles having axis and groups of axes with single-sided wheels equipped with a pneumatic or equivalent suspension.<*** Группа сближенных осей - это сгруппированные оси, конструктивно объединенные и (или) не объединенные в тележку, с расстоянием до ближайшей оси до 2,5 метра (включительно). <**** Масса, приходящаяся на ось, или сумма масс осей, входящих в группу осей. Примечания: 1. В скобках приведены значения для осей с двухскатными колесами, без скобок - для осей с односкатными колесами. 2. Двухосные и трехосные группы, имеющие в своем составе оси с односкатными и двухскатными колесами, следует рассматривать как группы осей, имеющие в своем составе оси с односкатными колесами.
3.
If we decided to completely get rid of the overload along the axes (for example, it would be poured out of the body 10 tons of sand), it would still be overloaded by weight of 9 tons (9 t + 9 t + 45 tons - 10 tons - 44 tons) or 9% . 4. Responsibility for the overview of the vehicle exist 3 groups of "limiters" during the transport of non-metallic materials on roads: 1) the rules for the carriage of goods by road - the main document regulating the permissible mass and permissible axial loads that we have reviewed earlier: 2) decisions about The temporary restriction of the movement of vehicles in roads taken by local authorities during the spring closure of the roads; 3) Prohibiting road signs 3.11 "Mass limit" and (or) 3.12 "Limiting the mass per capita axis." Responsibility for the overview of the vehicle is established by Art.
Valid load on the axis of the truck 2018 table
Time loading (unloading) of cargoes in vehicles applying No. 6 to the rules of cargo transportation by road vehicle type of vehicle Loading Loading (unloading) (minutes) up to 1 tonnetically transcended Over 1 tonsna each ton additionally vehicle with body van 13 3 vehicle with dump truck 3 1 Vehicle with a dump truck for work in the careers - 0.2 tank 4 3 Vehicle for transportation of long loads 15 3 Metal carrier 13 2 Vehicle for transportation of construction goods 12 2 Concrete mixer 4 3 Vehicle for transportation of large and (or) heavy cargo , construction equipment 21 2 Vehicle for transportation of animals 21 5 Vehicle for transportation of cars 6 3 Container ship 4 1 Vehicle with removable body 4 1 self-loader, incl.
Single: indicator of the number of truck axes, pcs permissible load, ton two 18 three 25 four 32 five 35 Motor tray: indicator of the number of truck axes, pcs permissible load, tona three 28 four 36 five 40 six and more than 44 specified indicators of Russian permissible axial loads Approed to pan-European indicators. The rationing was made on the basis of the load indicator on the axis group. The obligation to comply with permissible loads on the axis of the truck is assigned to: indicators Description of each driver of the leading labor activity on it the official of the transport enterprise - a legal entity that is its owner.
autostrahovka24.ru.
Permissible overload on the axle of the truck
Overload truck by weight and on axes
For example, if the dump truck was stopped in the post, in which the actual weight of the cargo is 45 tons, and 20 tons were indicated in the invoice, then in addition to the carrier, the fine threatened and the shipper. If the weighting shipper indicated the weight of 45 tons, then the penalty paid only the carrier. Added the responsibility of the shipper for disappointment in the invoice, date and period of permits for the transportation of heavy cargo, as well as the route of transportation of this cargo.
Calculation of the maximum load on the axis of the car, a fine for overload
Recently, trucks have become so much that it is not difficult to see them in the city center.
Loaded trucks are transported heavy loads (food products, building materials, industrial raw, details, etc.), long distances, which cannot be called unnecessary business.
But the overload affects the state of the roadbed, and this is a serious offense.
Moreover, a penalty is provided for the exceeding capacity of the vehicle, and the re-violation may cost the driver's license.
The weight of the cargo that transports the vehicle is distributed between its axes.
The axial load is the force with which the car puts pressure to its mass on the surface of the road. The rules of the road movement provides for a limit, according to which the maximum permissible load rate on the front and rear axle is established.
The question arises, how to calculate which overload is allowed on the axis? First of all, it must be remembered that the axial load is interconnected with the total mass of the vehicle.
Transfering it to the formula, we get the following ratio:
Important!In the calculation of the permissible load of the freight transport to the roadbed, 3 variables are involved: 1) the mass of the car as a whole and the load on each axis separately; 2) a group of car; 3) Category of the road.
The amount of damage to the road economy is calculated in billions of hryvnia. From year to year, statistics are only worsening, and roads that are unsuitable for operation are becoming more and more.
The main part of the damage is "merit" of overall modes of transport, whose owners overload cars, thereby violating traffic rules.
Since new rules have been introduced, the number of violations of the rules of PDDs has decreased by 2 times, and this is only six months. If it goes to go further, then by the pace, by the end of the year, the overload on the roads can become a rare phenomenon, and their quality will improve at times.
Ignoring road signs is a serious offense.
The cargo car "caught on the hot" driver, which exceeded the weighting norm specified on the road sign, will be discharged from 2 thousand UAH.
Permissible load on the axis of the truck in Russia 2018
Three-stakes, for example, American capotic tractors are heavier than 1-2 tons (Volvo VNL 780 - weight up to 9 tons) than European (MAN TGA - about 7 tons), respectively, when distributing the load on the front axle, this circumstance should be taken into account .
For example, if we can put 3 pallets in a semi-trailer with a European tractor and a tentified semi-trailer, each (three "candles") and the overload on the front axle will not be in any case, then in the semi-trailer with an American-boot - Forward, it is preferably 2 pallet 1 ton each.
18.02 At the intersection of the Moscow Ring Road and Sh. Jitziastov, they stopped our car and sent for scales.
Single car with a lazy total mass 26n.
Immersed in the car was 9t. Therefore, the driver with a light soul put on the scales. Purses the lead axis. Indicators from the act.
1 axis 6.13 (permissible 10)
2 axis 13.47 (permissible 8.5)
3. 4.85 (permissible 8.5).
The cops began to threaten that they would call the tow truck and send a parking to the penalty, if not eliminated within an hour.
Before he did not ride away from the base, he sent 5 tonnik to him.
Overloaded 5tn, only then he passed the scales.
The protocol indicated Article 12.21.6.
although the driver rested until the latter, because it is just the wrong cargo distribution in the car. Now 29.02 analysis in traffic police. The question threatens whether the driver and a fine on legal entities are deprivation, if the car is framed on legal entity, but the driver had a contract for leasing this car at Jur. Litsa. And it is possible to fade in the fact that errors were allowed when weighing, the act is incorrectly decorated.
What I have at the moment.
1.
They did not have the right to weigh at night. The PPVK works only in the bright time of the day.
2. Weighed when the engine running, and must weigh in static mode.
3. The driver did not show the certificate for scales, and neither the brand nor the name of the scales are not specified in the act. Only number 38606.
4.
vash-yurist102.ru.
The overloaded car both passenger and cargo is a big danger to the driver and other participants in the movement. In addition, it creates an increased load for the roadway, which suffers in any case. How to calculate overload, and what are the fines for riding with violations today? Every driver must understand its responsibility and know that he threatens.
Permissible mass of vehicles
In the summer of 2015, a change in the relevant acts about the carriage of goods on Russian roads took effect. Based on this document, new norms of car permissible mass were introduced.
For example, the maximum weight of the machine, which has the right without additional permission to leave the road, is 44 tons. This is the maximum maximum.
For passenger cars, such norms, of course, does not exist. But does this mean that you can overload your car and ride unpunished? The limit still exists. It was concluded that it is forbidden to transport a large number of passengers. This is punishable by the appropriate fine.
In terms of cargo transport, the axis load rule is valid. This is the most important point in the calculations. In order to understand how the load is calculated, you need to figure out the simplest concepts.
So all cars are divided into two classes:
- "A" - three categories operated on the tracks: the first, second and third, respectively.
- "B" - carried out movement on any road.
The permissible values \u200b\u200bare indicated below.
First of all, for cars:
- with two axes - 18 tons;
- with three axes - 25 tons;
- with four axes - 32 tons;
- with five axes - 35 tons.
As for road trains, other standards are installed for them:
- with three axes - 28 tons;
- with four axes - 36 tons;
- with five axes - 40 tons;
- with six axes and more - 44 tons.
How to calculate?
The load calculation is made by complex formula. It is also necessary to take into account the maximum mass for the roads of a certain category. The load of the truck is distributed as follows: it is less on the front axis, it is much higher on the back (or rear).
When the car travels to the scales in the post, the control officer enjoys a special reference book where a huge number of vehicle types are collected and a detailed load on their axis is painted. Consider a few examples and we define how it adds to each axis.
The cargo "Gazelle" has two axes: front and rear. The total weight of the car is formed by the formula:
M Ts \u003d n in + n zo, where:
It would seem that everything is simple, but for other vehicles it is not always possible to apply this formula. Three-axle cars with two combined axes need to be calculated otherwise. For example, take the car "KAMAZ" -53215. The calculation is already under the formula:
M TS \u003d N P + N T, where:
- M TS is a mass of vehicle;
Table
Consider the table of permissible loads. Note that the norms are given for each axis.
The calculation should be made as accurately as possible, since the error may be no more than 5%. The closer the axis is located to each other, the stronger the pressure on the road canvas. This explains the dependence on the distance.
Legislative restrictions on other countries
By sending a loaded car outside Russia or for a commodity, it is important to explore the legislation to avoid fines that can significantly affect the budget.
Below is a table with which you can determine the full permissible mass of cars in some countries.
| Countries / car | biaxial | three-way | four-way | trailer in 2 axes | trailer in 3 axes | motor train in 4 axes | auto tray in 5 and 6 axes | auto tray Sadel 3 axis | auto tray Sadel 4 axis |
| Poland | 19 | 26 | 30 | 18 | 24 | 37 | 40 | 29 | 38 |
| Germany | 17 | 24 | 32 | 18 | 24 | 35 | 40 | 27 | 35 |
| France | 19 | 26 | 26 | 19 | 24 | 38 | 40 | — | 38 |
| Belgium | 19 | 28 | 32 | 20 | 30 | 38 | 44 | 29 | 39 |
| Spain | 20 | 26 | 26 | 20 | 26 | 38 | 38 | — | 38 |
| Belarus | 20 | 25 | 26 | 20 | 26 | 36 | 44 | — | 38 |
| Kazakhstan | 18 | 25 | 32 | 18 | 24 | 32 | 44 | 28 | 38 |
Transport companies carefully study the information and laws of other countries and insure those who addressed them.
Statistical and dynamic weighing
At special paragraphs, located on the track, the control weighing occurs in order to determine whether the car is overloaded, and what is the load on the axis.
Weigh it in two ways:
- in statics;
- in dynamics.
Both of these methods are applied today, find out what their difference. So, weighing in the statics happens like this: the car comes on the scales and stops. This method determines the exact weight of the vehicle at the moment.
Weighing in the dynamics occurs at the slow motion of the vehicle. This method is necessary to determine the load on each axis. The car moves by weight at a speed not higher than 5 km / h.
The only minus of such a way is the error that you need to know. Maximum it can be 3%.
All scales used today at weighing items, mainly electronic. Entry on them is made using a ramp. Not always in one post are installed at once two types of scales.
Responsibility for overload
Undoubtedly, all citizens having cars know that there is a responsibility for overload. Most often with this facing truck drivers. The owners of the passenger vehicles for the most part are not thinking about overloading in general.
The maximum allowable mass of the car, if you do not take into account the load on the axis, is installed even until the machine can come down from the conveyor. In each document on the vehicle there is a line about this moment.
The manufacturer itself knows what load can withstand the car. This is affected by many factors: from parts used in production, up to the distance between the axes.
What does the overload lead to?
Responsibility for overload is very serious. Similar actions sometimes lead to serious consequences, among them:
- Creating an emergency. The overloaded car moves along the road is not stable. In addition, the load creates pressure on the axis, which may not withstand at one point.
- Destruction of the roadway. It is difficult to argue with this, but overloaded cars really break the roads. Pits on them are a huge problem of the country, fines are not always able to cover the damage.
- Details of the car and its parts come into disrepair, obsolete and breaks the vehicle itself.
- If the car is overloaded, the deceleration path will be longer, which will create an additional risk of an emergency.
These are not all factors, on the basis of which drivers can strictly fly.
Freight car
Cargo vehicles also need to be remembered how to properly transport certain types of cargo:
- large;
- dangerous and others.
Penalties for violation are provided for Article 12.21 of the Administrative Code. They are divided into three types:
- for an individual - 1500-2000 rubles;
- for an official - up to 15,000 rubles;
- for a legal entity - up to 400,000 rubles.
In some cases, during the carriage of goods, permission may be needed. If it is not, then you are also waiting for a fine.
In some situations, when documents are issued on the goods, and the weight does not coincide with what is presented in the papers, an additional inspector may impose a fine of 5,000 rubles. For companies, it will increase at least 50 times.
The traffic police inspector does not have the right to write a fine if the control weighing has not happened. It is possible to determine the overload to the eye, but it is impossible to prove it in any way.
A car
In the Code of Administrative Offenses, there is not a word about overloading passenger vehicles. No one weighs them on the road. In this case, the inspector may find a different reason in order to write a fine.
Those who load the passenger car under the strip, know how it affects manageability, drifts and wear of parts. Most often, the drivers of passenger cars are prescribed a penalty for incorrect passenger transportation. They can be placed exactly as much as approved in the documents.
Penalties are as follows:
- a warning;
- 500 rubles for violation of transport rules;
- 1000 rubles for not a fastened seat belt.
So, the overview of the car is a serious violation for which the responsibility is provided. Before you go to the road, read the rules. If transport companies take all responsibility for themselves, the private driver will have to answer independently.
