The engine is the "car's heart", then the battery is part of its nervous system - it is its spinal cord. The operation of electrical appliances depends on the normally functioning battery and of course the engine start. Especially critical start in the cold time. By winter, the battery must be prepared. Any diagnostic and experienced motorist knows that the key indicator in the diagnosis of the battery is its voltage.

Voltage- this is a physical value whose value equal to the operation of an effective electric field (including third-party fields) performed when transferring a single test electrical charge from point A to point B.

If we speak with simple words, this accumulated energy that the battery will transmit the starter when turning the key. The starter will spend this energy, and the generator will then compensate. This process should pass inextricably. The driver must constantly monitor the magnitude of the voltage. In order not to get confused and do everything correctly consider everything in order.

Normal indicators with load and without

To recognize malfunctions, you need to know how the battery works normally. To identify deviations in the work, you need to know which voltage should shown the charged battery of the car. Consider how to go Determine the charge battery.

It is very important to understand at what point to produce measurement: alone or under load. These are fundamentally different values. First of all, we consider the nominal and actual stress in peace of charged battery without load.

• Nominal (alone)must be 12.6 - 12.7 V. This figure is spelled out in passports and instructions for the batteries of almost any manufacturer and it speaks of complete condition and normal battery operation.
• Actual (at rest) is somewhat different from the nominal. In fact, the range varies within from 12.4 to 12.8 V.

When the battery voltage measurements alone may rise to 13.2 V. This picture will arise, if measured immediately after charging, so you need to wait 30 minutes and repeat the measurement. Then you will see a real indicator.

Most often 12.6 volts - this is how voltage should be Normal battery.

Important! If the charge of the battery in the rest fell below 12 B. - It speaks of the insufficient charge of the AKB and it is necessary to urgently put the battery for charging.

Now we will deal with the battery voltage under load. What is she needed and what are the standards?

The load on the battery is required to verify the operation of the battery. Regulatory voltage can endure any battery, but already the load is far from any. If you load the battery, the voltage will change.

This check is very simple. Special instrument load the battery.

Load should be almost twice as large battery capacity. For example, if your battery has a capacity of 80 a / h, load it to 160 amps.

Load is given by 5 seconds (no more)! Voltage should turn out above 9 Volts.. If the charge falls below this limit - this means the battery is discharged, or its further operation is not possible. In this process there is one nuance. After load, the voltage should approach the norm in about 5-6 seconds.

To find out in what state the battery, you need to repeat the entire process after charging. If the second time is rising to 9 volts and higher, it means the battery in the normal state, but was discharged.

Determining the level of charge

AcB voltage measurement is performed by a multimeter (a voltmeter is also suitable or load fork). In order to measure the voltage (no matter under load or at rest), it is necessary to translate the multimeter controller to the "U" mode and lean the device probe to the battery terminals. The display shows the measurement result.

As written above - measurement can be made alone and under load. In the first case, as well as, if we take the load from the external device - Electrical chains must be open, the ignition is disabled.

Checking the battery voltage under load with on-board network The car is undesirable, because the network is connected not directly to the battery. Therefore, there may be measurement and inaccuracy errors here.

Important! Load fork must be used strictly in accordance with the poles (plus or minus). But when measuring a voltmeter or a multimeter, you can not pay attention to the polarity of the probe and the battery terminals.

In addition to the voltage, there is still a battery charge level of these two values \u200b\u200bof inseparable. Knowing the normal and actual battery voltage, we can determine to what extent it is charged whether to recharge it yet. Consider how to check the battery charge level.

Charting table

This table will help determine the state of the battery and the degree of its charge.

Determine the voltage charge level is not difficult.As can be seen from the table - when the voltage is reduced to 12.06 volts, you can talk about the discharge of the battery half. If the voltage drops to 11.31 volts, it means it is charged only by 10%. The voltage drop below speaks of its full discharge. On the contrary, if the charge of the battery is 12.6 volts and above, it means it is fully charged and the recharging is not required. Voltage at 12.5 - 13 volts - exactly that and you need to charge.

Need to remember that these data are relevant only for classic lead - acid AcB , EFB, AGM, GEL and other, technological batteries are required to be checked on other tables. For example B. crash completely charged EFB battery equal to 16, volts.

Useful video

Detailed video to determine the performance of the battery voltage:

Causes of deviations from the norm

If the charged battery loses the charge overnight, the reasons may be a number of. The battery charge level can quickly decrease due to a natural cause and a number of problems:

• Akb simply exhausted its resource due to long operation and requires replacement.
• Also can break the generatorwhich charges the battery on the trip and compensates for the battery power costs on starter starter.
• If the battery is new and the replacement does not require, and the generator works without disorders - probably there is in the car serious problems With current in the form of its constant leakage.

Details The question of diagnosing current leakage in this article is not considered, but it needs to pay close attention. In a nutshell: leakage current is current consumption, unprecedated car design, which is systematically sits away your battery. Theoretically cause of the leakage current may be any device connected to the onboard network of the car.

All the above reasons and problems discharge your battery. This explains the drop in voltage, if they appear. Fortunately, normal and timely diagnostics helps to easily identify them and eliminate them.

It should be noted that the inverse situation may occur. When the voltage exceeds 13 V and there will be the so-called acb reload. This may happen because of the faulty generator (except in cases where the car owner deliberately reloading the battery at the station, for example, to raise the electrolyte density). It may cause it to boost the electrolyte and the battery output. Here are the main malfunctions of the machine, which can lead to reloading AKB:

• Broken device relay. This element disables the generator after the battery is complete. If it does not work - the current and then goes into a fully charged battery. This is a simple problem, it is not difficult to replace the relay, and inexpensive.
• Broken himself generator. Repair will cost more, but the essence of the same as in the previous paragraph.
• The charger is incorrectly selected.

Repeated stress measurements on the battery terminals after eliminating causes and several hours of its operation show the correctness of one way or another. It is important to evaluate such indicators as the level of electrolyte density.

In conclusion I would like to note that timely diagnosis and elimination of the causes will extend the life of your battery and will save nerves and money in the wallet.

Voltage rechargeable battery - One of the main indicators that determine the performance, the performance of the device. The drive is required to start power plantTherefore, its effective work is extremely important.

Knowing what normal car battery voltage, it is easy to periodically check the indicator, eliminating the full discharge of the battery, an unforeseen failure.

To check the charge of the drive, you will need a multimeter. So, you can get the actual voltage of the battery, which is at rest. In addition, there is a nominal value represented by a 12V indicator, which is used in the literature. However, in practice, such a voltage indicates only 45% of the charge.

Separately, an indicator is allocated under load, which is obtained using a special device.

How to check the voltage by a multimeter:

1. You need to turn off the ignition of the car.
2. Set the device into voltage measurement mode by setting a value of 20V.
3. Then the metal probes are applied to the terminals. The red wire goes to the plus, and black to minus.
4. You can estimate the result.

Checking the voltage of the charged car battery without load, in a calm state, the driver should get the result of 12,6V-12,7V. But this is not the established norm, some firms manufacturers allow increasing indicators to 13V-13.2V. Lower values \u200b\u200bare also possible, they can change. On most cars that are constantly exploited, receive the result in 12.2V-12,49V, which indicates a sufficient level.

Attention:

Checking the battery is only hour after charging. Since the multimeter immediately will show at least 13V, and after an hour has expired, the level will drop to the required 12.7V.

If the voltage drops to 12 volts, most likely, the device is charged half, charging is required. Further operation is accompanied by a rapid sulfate of lead plates, the car battery loses characteristics, the service life is greatly reduced.

Despite this, the engine can be launched under the condition of a serviceable generator and the battery itself.

Thinking up which voltage should show the charged battery of the car, it is worth considering that if the voltage drops to 11.6V, it means that there is a strong discharge. In order for the device to continue to work, it will be necessary to recharge, you need to exclude malfunctions, malfunctions.

Wanting to determine the car battery voltage, the degree of discharge can be used by a special scheme.

• If the indications of the multimeter are at the level of 12,6V or more, then there is a charge of 100%;
• Detecting a value of 12.5V-12.06V, it can be argued that the battery is half discharged;
• 11.9V indicates a charge of 40%, discovered a decrease to 11.75V - 11.58V, it is possible to determine a rather strong discharge, further work is possible only after inspection, recharging;
• The critical level is the indicators of 11.31V-10.5V, and the voltage of 10.5% is 0% of charge.

Important:

If 8B is displayed during checking on the scoreboard and less, this indicates a reload. Restore the device is most likely impossible, since the processes of spindle plates are launched, the electrolyte is increasing.

Electrolyte density - no less an important indicatorallowing to determine the degree of charge. To obtain results, an areaometer is used here.

With full charge, the electrolyte density is 1.27 g / cm 3. The battery may be discharged by 50% when the indicator is reduced to 1.2 g / cm 3. Having revealed the value of 1.1 g / cm 3, it can be argued on the full discharge.

The performance of the drive is very important, the quality of the operation of the car depends on it. The usual check of the multimeter is withstanding all batteries, but the real load with ease reveals serviceable batteries and devices that have already exhausted the resource.

Checking using a load plug is a more professional approach used in services. So, you can get the most accurate data and check the efficiency of the device itself, the degree of serviceability. A similar device includes a multimeter, load resistance, improved models include an ammeter.

Thread Threads:

1. Load plug need to be connected to the drive terminals.
2. During operation, a short circuit current will be served, which allows you to imitate the work of the starter.
3. As a result, the data on the scoreboard, which correspond to the degree of charge reduction during the machine starts.

Important:

Such test is carried out only at a battery temperature of 20-25 degrees. With more low temperatures Manipulations should be postponed, since the likelihood of a strong discharge and loss of capacity increases. The load calculation is made taking into account the container. If it is 55 A / h, the permissible load is 110 A. This effect lasts from 3 to 5 seconds.

Load plug readings:

• The result is 10.2V and more indicates the proper level of charge;
• 9,6V and 9B - determine 75% and 50%, respectively, in the latter case the device must go to charging (if winter, quick discharge is possible);
• The result of 8.4V corresponds to a 25% charge, and 7.8V and less indicates 0%.

Normally, during control, the indicators should not fall below 9V, and after the load, the initial voltage is restored in a few seconds.

Attention:

The loading fork cannot be used often - the battery can harm, no decrease in capacity is excluded.

The need to charge the drive occurs when the voltage drops. Discharge is a natural process, especially at low temperatures, high loads on the network. Special device is required to recover the charge - source direct currentcapable of converting alternating current.

Sometimes car enthusiasts are thinking how many amps will show the charged battery. But the amps of the car battery clock indicate the capacity, the ability to give a certain amount of current over a limited period of time. And the drive, which does not turn out to be the load, will not show any values, since the current will not flow. Know the capacity is necessary for the correct charging, the calculation of the current force.

How to ensure proper charging:

• The drive can be recharged right by car, but it is better to remove it and charge it completely in a dry, warm room;
• You need to connect the battery charging wires, putting the red wire to the plus terminal, and black to minus;
• Then the charging is set to a minimum current;
• The battery leave at least 8 o'clock;
• When the charging process is completed, the device arrow will turn out to be zero.

Important:

After completing the procedure, you should not immediately install the drive back. First, the cover is wiping, removing the condensate appeared, because at the end there is a rather strong selection of gases.

The standard calculation implies the use of the current of 0.1 from the initial container. That is, with a capacity of 60 A / h in charge of 6 and for 20 hours. This is an optimal condition for high-quality, complete charge recovery.

In addition, it is recommended to adjust the current strength every few hours as the charge increases. Then, at the completion of the procedure it is easy to avoid strong gas formation. When choosing a constant voltage method, control is not required. When charging is completed, the green light will light up.

Car battery ( AKcumulant B.atarea) is one of the most important parts of the car. The battery provides electricity: electrical lamps in the headlights, the backlight of the instrument panel and the cabin, the electronic ignition system of the car, fuel pump, car radio and other car nodes, as well as the most consumed load source - starter when starting the engine. Normal work All vehicles are possible only with a properly operated battery. It must be serviced and charged on time.

Normal characteristics of AKB

• 12.6 - 12.9 V
• electrolyte density 1.27 g / cm3 (at + 20 ° C)

When is it necessary to charge the battery?

• electrolyte density lower 1.26 g / cm3
• akb voltage without load (with a crowded terminal) less than 12.6 V.

• the electrolyte density in different banks is different than on 0.02 g / cm3

The car battery voltage directly depends on the density of the electrolyte. When the battery is discharged, Acid expenditure occurs, which is part of (36%) electrolyte. As a result, its density falls.

The reverse process occurs When charging the battery: Water consumption leads to the formation of acid, in the end, the density of the electrolyte grows.

The voltage of the charged battery car is 12.7 V at a density of 1.27 g / cm3.

With a decrease in one of the indicators, the other decreases.

Watch the table of the dependence of the battery voltage from the density of the electrolyte

Electrolyte density, g / cm 3	Car battery charge voltage, in	The degree of blockage of AKB,%
	12,7	0
1,25		13,5
1,23		25,0
1,2		45,0
1,15		75,0
1,11	11,6

Electrolyte density and battery voltage strongly depends on temperature ambient. The normal car battery voltage for winter and summer is the same, and the electrolyte density changes in winter - it grows in a charged battery, and the discharged - falls.

Therefore, the battery must be kept in a charged state or as some motorists remove and take the battery to the house. Otherwise, the battery will not only be able to start the engine in the frost, but it can freeze the electrolyte and can even break the case.

The frozen electrolyte in the battery will lead the battery into disrepair, the frozen battery cannot be restored. At density 1.2 g / cm3 Electrolyte freezing temperature about -20 ° C.

Table for electrolyte reading amendment at ambient temperature.

Electrolyte temperature, ° C	Advance Amendment, g / cm 3

It is also necessary to monitor the level of electrolyte. It should not be no lower than the label from the side of the battery. If the surface of the electrolyte is poorly visible, you can highlight a flashlight. If the electrolyte level is less than the specified value, it is necessary to determine the reason for its decrease. It usually falls due to scattering and evaporation from too much voltage onboard network of the car. In this case, you need to measure the voltage. Battery Charging Voltage by car when engine running 14.1 ± 0.2 V.

How to charge the battery?

Before charging car battery It is necessary to clean from dirt and unscrew all 6 plugs, since the charge will abundantly be abundantly.

If there is the ability to adjust the charge voltage on the charger, then before connecting the terminals, we reduce the current to a minimum, then set the voltage 14 - 14.4 V.Control the charge on the ammeter.

Charge the battery is preferably a current equal to 0.05 - 0.1 from its rated tank. For example, for a battery with a capacity 60 a / h The optimal charging current is 3 - 6a.

It is better to keep a smaller charging current - the battery charges deeper, but the charging time will be longer. It is timeally desirable to level the density of the battery electrolyte with a low current, for example, if the electrolyte density in different batteries can differ by ± 0.01 g / cm3. To do this, install the charging current About 1a. Charge the acb in this way about a day.

Signs of the end of charging: the stormy gas release and for 2 hours the absence of a change in the electrolyte density.

When operating the battery on the car, its charge occurs at constant voltage. The level of battery voltage by car when the engine running is: 14.1 ± 0.2 V.

To control the battery, it will be convenient to use the digital voltage indicator of the car on-board network. It can be done or buy in our store ready and configured. Digital auto network voltage indicator + thermometer

With a decrease in the temperature, the battery efficiency on the car decreases (the internal resistance of the AKB increases, the current consumption of the starter is increasing with a cold engine factory). Therefore, the battery when it is charged from the on-board network of the car does not always restore its capacity after a complete discharge.

Normal car generator operation

• voltage at the Accord terminals when operating the engine on different revs and the light included 13.9 - 14.3 V

In winter, it is advisable periodically (at least once a month) to charge the battery charger as written above.

Table of sources of electricity consumption of a car and an approximate current in amperes

Consumer name	Approximate current, and
Ignition
Starter (with car factory)
parking lights
Middle Light
Far light
Fog (PTF)
Running lights
Heating rear window
Heater Fan: 1st Speed
Heater Fan: 2nd Speed
Wiper: 1st position
Wiper: 2nd position
Car radio
TOTAL:	about 40 A.

How to start your car from another car?

The first way. Remove the discharged battery from your car and put a charged battery of another car to this place. Observe polarity! ( + and -) When the car got across the battery, we change in place.

In order to avoid short circuit - do not touch the wires with each other and the red (plus) with the car body!

The second way. For "chicken" from another car, thick well insulated wires are needed with the "crocodile" clamps. On these wires will "leak" current 150-200 amps!

1. Disconnect the minus or positive terminal of your car and the other. It is necessary to take out to be removed in order to additionally do not take a current for its (discharged) battery from another (charged). And you need to remove from another car in order not to damage the "tender" electronic systems Modern cars.

2. Connect red wirefor cigarette i from plus terminal On a charged battery.

2. Connect the other end red wire with red plus terminal His car.

3. Connect black wire with minus terminal On a charged battery.

4. Connect the other end black wire for mass His car. Preferably away from the battery itself and fuel wires to avoid fire from the spark. It can be: car vessel without paint, engine, chassis. At the moment of the connection, a small spark is allowed, as a result of the load connection.

5. Contact connected wires should be good! Wires should not touch the moving parts of the car.

6. Run a car with charged batteries.

7. After the engine started in place in place, the previously thrown the terminal of his discharged battery and let him work for a few minutes.

8. Disconnect the wires in the reverse sequence. First black wire. When the black wire is completely disconnected, remove the red.

Today's article is dedicated car battery checks.

During the operation of the car, we periodically face the question as checking the battery. This is usually happening in two cases, when buying a new battery and when problems with the battery already occurs during operation.

So I advise you: do not want problems, especially in winter, check the battery at its performance in a timely manner as a source of EMF for your car, since in some modes of operation, the battery can quickly come into disrepair. The reason for this is frequent subeps or recharges of the car battery.

The cause of short-term short distances can be the reason, turn on the warm-up mode in winter time, as well as a malfunction of the voltage regulator of the car generator. As a result, such an unpleasant phenomenon occurs as sulfation of the battery plates. The phenomenon is bad and this is the topic of a separate article, so if you do not want to skip to subscribe to new issues of the magazine "Electron" at the bottom of the article.

Now about reloading. The relear can lead to a shower of the plates, and if the battery is not served, then its mechanical deformation. And a relear occurs if, as a result of the wrong operation of the voltage regulator, the battery is issued an overestimated voltage from the generator, as well as as a result of long and protracted trips to high revolutions Engine.

I hope I convinced you that the question is how to check the battery you need to know in order not to bring your battery to a piece of lead in 300 rubles (at best) and on time to apply measures to increase the battery life.

In general, the process of checking the battery, I would advise to carry out the following items.

4. Voltage measurement on a voltmeter battery or multimeter

So, let's begin.

I advise an external inspection of the battery at any convenient case when you look under the hood of your car. The reasons for this action lie on the surface of the battery. Namely, during operation on the surface of the battery, dirt, moisture, electrolyte drums (evaporation when boiling) accumulate. All this lead to the occurrence of AKB self-discharge currents. And if you add oxidized battery terminals, and there are still currents of leakage to the electronics of the car, it turns out if you do not recharge the battery on time, then the deep discharge of the battery will arise, and the frequent deep discharges will arise directly to the plate sulfate and reduce the battery life.

Make sure the self-desection can be connected by one probe voltmeter on the Accord terminal and to the other battery over the surface, while the voltmeter will show some voltage, which is suitable for a specific battery self-discharger.

Usually, the electrolyte drifts are removed with a solution of soda in water (a teaspoon on a glass of water), which is understandable: electrolyte acid, soda solution - alkali (for the one who does not remember chemistry!).

Terminals are cleaned with small emery paper and the reliability of their connection with wires and batteries is checked.

Well, pay attention to the housing as a whole. In the case of poor battery fastening, especially in frosts, when the plastic body is rather fragile, cracks may occur in the case.

The next step, after checking and eliminating the self-discharge of the automotive battery, it is necessary to check the electrolyte level in it. Of course, this concerns only serviced batteries.

Checking the electrolyte level is made by a special glass leveling tube, while the electrolyte level should be within 10-12 mm above the batteries of the battery.

Level tube is an ordinary glass tube with divisions of millimeters applied to it. In order to measure the electrolyte level, it is necessary to put the tube into the bay opening of the battery to contact the separator grid, the upper end of the tube pinch and pull out the tube. The top level of electrolyte in the leveling tube will correspond to the level of electrolyte in the battery.

Basically, the lowered level is a consequence of the "swallowing" of the electrolyte, in which case the level of electrolyte is brought by a plot of distilled water.

Pulling into the battery directly electrolyte is made only when you are sure that the leveling of the level occurred due to the spilling of the electrolyte from the battery.

Before proceeding to further check the battery, it is necessary to estimate the degree of charge and further check the battery after complete charge.

You can determine the degree of charge in two ways: either measure the electrolyte density in the battery, or measure the voltage on the battery.

Checking the electrolyte density in the battery (for serviced AKB)

The device for checking the density of electrolyte in the battery is called - hydrometer.

To measure the density of the electrolyte in the battery, it is necessary to place an areaometer into the bay opening of the battery, with the help of a pear, make a fence of electrolyte into the flask, so that the float is free to float and remove the density of the area of \u200b\u200bthe areaometer in accordance with the top level of electrolyte.

The density value at a 100% charged battery will depend on the temperature conditions of operation of the AKB.

Table 1. Determination of electrolyte density for various climatic zones.

And you should know that the decrease in density by 0.01 g / cm3 from the nominal value corresponds to the discharge of the battery by 5-6%.

Table 2. The degree of battery discharge with different electrolyte density.

However, the values \u200b\u200bshown in the table will be correct if you check the density at an electrolyte temperature of 20-30 ° C. If the temperature differs from this range, then follows the measured density value to add (subtract) the correction according to the table.

Table 3. The amendment to the test indication when measuring the density at different temperatures.

Usually in car batteries that you can buy in the store, the electrolyte density corresponds to 1.27 g / cm3. Suppose, when checking the electrolyte density in the battery, the range showed a value of 1.22 g / cm3 (that is, the density fell by 0.05 g / cm3), then this means that the battery was discharged by 30% of the nominal value.

In this case, the battery must be charged. After that, if the battery is working, the density value of the electrolyte will be restored to the nominal value. Most importantly, do not allow the battery discharge by more than 50%.

It should be noted that the temperature of its freezing depends on the electrolyte density.

Table 4. The freezing temperature of the electrolyte of various density.

Therefore, the low electrolyte density in winter leads to its freezing, the rapid loss of the battery capacity, and sometimes even to physical deformations and the appearance of cracks.

Voltage measurement on a voltmeter battery or multimeter

Estimate the degree of battery charge can be measured voltage on it. To do this, a voltmeter or a popular device is popular in our time - a multimeter. To measure the voltage using a multimeter, turn it on to the DC measurement mode, while the range above the maximum voltage value on the charged battery. For example, for the popular inexpensive multimeter of the DT-830 series (M-830) is 20 volts. Next Plug the black (COM) Multimeter Probe for Minus Battery, red (Plus) on Plus Akb and remove the readings from the display of the multimeter.

The voltage of a fully charged battery should be at least 12.6 volts. If the battery voltage is less than 12 volts, the degree of its charge fell more than 50%, the battery must be accumulated urgently! It is impossible to allow deep discharges of the battery, it leads, I repeat once again, to the sulfation of the plates of the battery. The voltage on the rechargeable battery is less than 11.6 B means that the battery is 100% discharged.

Again, it is impossible to be rigid to a specific voltage value, as it is associated with the electrolyte density in the battery.

The car battery consists of six cans connected in series. The voltage of one bank can be calculated by the formula:

Ub \u003d 0.84 + ρ

where, ρ is the density of the electrolyte;

Then the voltage on the battery will be equal to:

UAKB \u003d 6 * (0.84 + ρ)

UAKB \u003d 6 * (0.84 +1.27) \u003d 12.66 volts

Accordingly, with different initial density of electrolyte in the battery there will be different voltages on it.

However, simply voltage checks on the battery is not enough to fully and high-quality evaluation of its performance.

The next step is to check the ability of the battery to perform its functions when the load is connected to it. After all, it may be such a case when when measuring the voltage it is determined that the battery is fully charged, and "turns the engine" badly or does not "twist". It can be assumed that such a battery has fallen a capacity as a result of a long, and more often improper operation and discharges it to a chance quickly that "dies" in one second.

So, to check the battery operation under load uses a load plug. Load plug circuit is shown in the figure.

That is, the load plug is a voltmeter with the possibility of connecting in parallel with its load outputs. For starter batteries, the load resistance is selected in the range of 1-1.4 of the battery capacity. This is considered to be the maximum discharge current for the battery. Do not confuse with starter current.

First, the battery voltage is measured without load and determining the degree of its charges using a table.

Table 5. Dependence of the degree of charge charges from voltage on idling. (Akb is located at night for at least 24 hours).

The second stage is the measurement of the voltage on the battery when the load is connected and the determination of the degree of charge according to the table. Removing the reading under load is performed at the end of the fifth second from the time the load is connected.

Table 6. Dependence of the degree of charge of the battery from the voltage at the end of 5 seconds of the testing fork.

Values \u200b\u200bin these tables are taken directly from the instructions on the load plugs.

Thus, with a 100% charged battery, the voltage measured under load should not be less than 10.2 volts. Otherwise it is believed that the battery is underwritten and it must be charged.

If such a situation happened that without load, the battery shows a voltage of a 100% charged battery, and when the load is turned on, the voltage is strongly "deals" and is very different from the values \u200b\u200bof the specified in the table, it means that there is a malfunction (sulfate, short-circuited plates etc.).

Therefore, it is necessary if it is possible to eliminate a malfunction or acquire new batteryWhatever one day he did not let you down.

Here today and that's it. In this article, I only affected the question of checking the batteries. How to correctly charge the battery, try to restore it after sulfate and many other questions I will tell in the following editions of the magazine.

Therefore, do not forget to subscribe to new editions of the Internet magazine on electrical engineering and electronics.

And now a detailed video about how to check the car battery:

Normal car battery voltage and how to measure it

The battery voltage, along with the capacity and density of the electrolyte, allows you to conclude a state of battery. By the voltage of the car battery, you can judge the degree of its charge. If you want to be aware of the status of your battery and make a competent care for it, then you must learn how to control the voltage. Especially since it is quite simple. And we will try to explain how it is done and what tools are needed.

First, it should be determined to the concepts of voltage and the electromotive force (EMF) of the car battery. EMF provides a circuit current flow and provides the difference in potentials at the power supply outputs. In our case, this is a car rechargeable battery. The battery voltage is determined by the difference in potentials.

EMF is a value that is equal to work spent on moving a positive charge between power supply outputs. The values \u200b\u200bof the voltage and the electromotive forces between themselves are inextricably linked. If there is no electromotive power in the battery, then there will be no voltage at its outputs. It should also be said that the voltage and EMF exist without passing the current in the chain. There are no current in the circuit in the circuit, but the electromotive force is still excited in the battery and there is a voltage on the outputs.

Both values, EMF and car battery voltage are measured in volts. It is also worth adding that the electromotive force in the automotive battery occurs due to the flow of electrochemical reactions within it. The dependence of the EMF and the voltage of the AKB can be expressed by the following formula:

E \u003d U + I * R 0 where

E - electromotive force;

U - voltage at the outputs of the battery;

I - Current in the chain;

R 0 is the internal resistance of the AKB.

As can be understood from this formula, the EMF is more battery voltage by the voltage drop inside it. In order not to score you too much information, say easier. The electromotive power of the battery is the voltage at the conclusions of the AKB without taking into account the leakage current and external load. That is, if you remove the battery with the car and measure the voltage, then in such an open circuit it will be equal to EDC.

Voltage measurements are made by instruments such as a voltmeter or multimeter. In the battery, the value of EDC depends on the density and temperature of the electrolyte. With an increase in the electrolyte density, the voltage and EMF increases. For example, with an electrolyte density, 1.27 gr. / Cm 3 and temperature 18 C voltage of banks Akb is 2.12 volts. And for the battery consisting of six elements, the voltage value will be 12.7 volts. This is the normal voltage of the automotive battery, which is charged and is not under load.

Normal car battery voltage

The voltage on the car battery should be 12.6─12,9 volt, if it is fully charged. Measurement of the AKB voltage allows you to quickly estimate the degree of charge. But the real state and wear of the battery voltage cannot be recognized. To obtain reliable data on the state of the battery, you need to check it in real and test under load, which will be said below. We advise you to read the material on how.

However, using the voltage, you can always find out the degree of battery charge. Below is the battery charge degree table, in which the voltage, density and temperature of the electrolyte freezing are given depending on the battery charge.

			Account degree,%
Electrolyte density, g / cm. cube (+15 gr. Celsius)	Voltage, in (in the absence of load)	Voltage, in (with a load of 100 a)	Account degree,%	Frozening temperature of electrolyte, gr. Celsius
1,11	11,7	8,4	0	-7
1,12	11,76	8,54	6	-8
1,13	11,82	8,68	12,56	-9
1,14	11,88	8,84	19	-11
1,15	11,94	9	25	-13
1,16	12	9,14	31	-14
1,17	12,06	9,3	37,5	-16
1,18	12,12	9,46	44	-18
1,19	12,18	9,6	50	-24
1,2	12,24	9,74	56	-27
1,21	12,3	9,9	62,5	-32
1,22	12,36	10,06	69	-37
1,23	12,42	10,2	75	-42
1,24	12,48	10,34	81	-46
1,25	12,54	10,5	87,5	-50
1,26	12,6	10,66	94	-55
1,27	12,66	10,8	100	-60

We advise periodically check the voltage and charge the battery as necessary. If the voltage of the car battery dropped below 12 volts, it is necessary to recharge it from the network charger. Its operation in this state is extremely recommended.

The operation of the battery in the discharged state leads to an increase in plate sulfate and as a result, the drop in the capacity. In addition, it can lead to a deep discharge, which for calcium batteries of death is like. For them, 2─3 deep discharge is a direct path to the landfill.

Well, now about what the tool is needed a motorist to control the voltage and state of the battery.