The loss of battery capacity during operation is one of the problems of electric vehicles, despite the fact that this process is the norm for any devices equipped with lithium-ion batteries. However, the experts of the organization Plug-in America found that the electric vehicle in this regard is an exception.
So they spent independent study which showed that power loss battery Model S Even with long run is small. In particular, the battery pack of this car, the average loses 5% of its capacity after overcoming the machine of 50 thousand miles (80 thousand km), and when running more than 100 thousand miles (160 thousand km) - and at all 8% . The study was conducted on the basis of data 500 electrocars Tesla Model S, the total mileage of which amounted to more than 12 million miles (20 million km).
In addition, Plug-in America held another study that has shown that in four years (from the moment of the release of Tesla Model s to the market), the number of appeals to the Tesla service stations due to problems with the battery, electric motor or charger decreased device.
The battery capacity may depend on several factors, such as the frequency of complete charging of the container, the periods of stay in the uncharged state and the number of fast charging. Plugin America data also show that replacement coefficients for the main components have improved significantly:
Such data is encouraged, but despite this Tesla continues to work on improving its battery and cell technology. The company began scientific cooperation with the research team Jeff Dahn University of Dalhaus. This department specializes in an increase in cell life lithium-ion batteriesAnd its goal is the maximum extension of the run on the battery with a small power loss.
Note that the Tesla Model S battery, as well as the car itself since 2014 has a warranty for a period of 8 years and without restrictions on mileage. Then the head of Tesla Ilon Mask explained the adoption of such a solution like this: "If we really believe that the electric motors are much reliable engines internal combustion, with fewer moving parts ... That our warranty policy should reflect it. "
It is powered exclusively from electricity stored in batteries.
From the beginning of the production of Tesla on its electrocars model Row Model S, and later on Model X installed the battery with a capacity from 40 to 100 kWh, each of which consists of 8, 12 or 16 sections.
Each section is interconnected by small "finger" Panasonic batteries, slightly exceeding standard AA batteries in size. TESLA cylindrical batteries have a diameter of 18 mm and a height of 65 mm. It is also worth noting that their advantage is in durability, reliability and productivity in harsh car conditions.
1 - rechargeable battery; 2 - voltage converter (DC / DC); 3 - high-voltage cable (orange color); 4 - main onboard charger 10 kW; 5 - additional charger 10 kW (optional); 6 - charger; 7 - drive module;
Battery 40 kWh.
The 40-kil-cylinder battery is two types: 40-kilowatt battery with 8 sections (segments / cells) (created on the basis of the Toyota RAV4 EV battery), and the 60-killyatt battery in which there were 12 cells and was programmed to charge up to 40 kilowatt .
Tesla Model S 40 kwh did not use popularity, so their production was soon completed.
Battery 60 kWh.
60 kW battery consisted of 12 or 16 sections. The 12-section was installed on the Model S40, the 16-section battery received the designation "NEW" and was radically modified.
Battery 70/75 kWh
In addition, this battery was installed on the Model S60 (S60D), it was also installed on the S70 (S70D) and S75 (S75D), but with
Extended features.
The 60 kWh battery for the 60th model was distinguished by the lack of 77 finger batteries, for the 70s model S, all 16 sections were filled with batteries completely, due to which the overall battery capacity increased.
Battery 85/90 kWh.
Tesla Battery 85, 90 and 100 kWh consists of 16 sections. Each cell consists of 444 "finger" batteries and has its own BMS card, which manages balancing all cells.
The most popular accumulator supplied Tesla (85 kWh), contains 7104 batteries 18650.
In 2015, Panasonic changed the anode design, increasing the battery capacity of about 6%, allowing the battery blocks to store up to 90 kW of energy. As a result, between the 90 kilowatte battery differs from 85-kil-cyllant no capacity:
- first, the battery capacity of the Panasonic 18650 in a 85-kilowatte battery has a weight - 46 grams, in a 90-kilowatte battery the same battery weighs 48.5 grams;
- secondly, there is a current time in the 85th battery - 10c, in the 90th - 25C (for this reason, Ludicrous mode is available only on Tesla with 90 and 100 kWh battery, since technical capabilities allow you to give a car more frisky dynamics);
100 kWh battery
The most powerful TESLA battery. Internal elements rechargeable battery It was reconfigured that 516 batteries of 18650 in each module.
In total, 8256 Panasonic batteries were placed in a 100-kilowatte battery, capable of storing a little more than 100 kWh of energy, and allowing electric cars Tesla pass more than 500 kilometers.
This battery has Tokotdach 25C and represents the "Last Word of Technology" in the battery engineering from the Tesla company.
And even on this, the development and improvement does not stop. To further improve the efficiency of batteries and reduce costs, Tesla has built a large battery factory in Sparks, Nevada, which is called Gigafactory 1.
The factory produces a new battery design called 2170. It has a diameter of 21 mm and a height of 70 mm, and originally used in Tesla Powerwall and PowerPack, as well as in the new Tesla Model 3 sedan, which is smaller and cheaper from Model S.
The battery 2170 is 46% more in volume than 18,650 and 10-15% more energy efficient than 18650.
It is very important to correctly charge the battery, namely, with a proper charger - original or from a high-quality manufacturer, as from homemade charger The battery overheats, bad contacts and poor quality current, as a result of which he strongly affects the capacity and durability of the battery.
During operation, the manufacturer strongly does not recommend exposing the car to the continuous effects of temperature above + 60C or below -30c more than 24 hours
It is recommended to prevent the full discharge of the battery. If the car is not operated, the energy is gradually spent on the power of the on-board electronics (the battery is daily discharged by an average of 1%).
To prevent a full discharge, it is recommended to transfer the car to the power saving mode, which turns off the power of the on-board electronics, which will reduce the discharge to 4% per month. It is also worth noting that in energy-saving mode, charging a 12-volt battery stops that for 12 hours will lead it to a complete discharge. Therefore B. this case You will need to connect to an external starting battery or replace it.
But, you should not forget that when activating the power saving mode - you need to connect the car to the power source for 2 months to prevent full discharge of the Tesla battery.
This car is generally of course recently a rather controversial attitude. Many are discussing what is he, others. There are people who consider the Tesla car with an excellent element of a PR campaign built on the sale of the fact that it has long existed, but it never occurred to anyone from this to make a car, and he has a little bit and even exists
But let's leave these controversy "overboard" and look at the main element of this car - batteries. There were people who were not lazy and did not climbed some amount of money took and saw the battery from the car.
That's how it looked
Tesla Motors is the creator of truly revolutionary eco-cars, which not only produced serially, but also have unique indicators that allow them to use literally daily. Today we will look inside the battery electric vehicle Tesla Model S learn how it is arranged and reveal the magic of success of this battery.
According to the North American Protection Agency ambient (EPA), Model S is enough of one rechargeable batteries of 85 kW * h to overcome more than 400 km, which is the most significant indicator among such cars presented in the specialized market. For overclocking up to 100 km / hour, only 4.4 seconds are enough to the electrocaria.
The key to the success of this model is the presence of lithium-ion batteries, the main components of which are shipped for Tesla by Panasonic. Tesla Batteries are sheaven legends. And therefore one of the owners of such a battery decided to break its integrity and find out what it is inside. By the way, the cost of such a battery is equal to 45 000 USD.
The battery is located in the bottom, thanks to which Tesla has a low center of gravity and excellent handling. He joins the body through brackets.
Tesla battery. Disassemble
The battery compartment is formed by 16 blocks that are parallel to and are fencing from the environment by means of metal plates, as well as a plastic overlay that prevents water from entering.
Before it fully disassembled, the electrical voltage was measured, confirmed the working condition of the battery.
The accumulation of batteries is distinguished by high density and precision fitting parts. The entire configuration process passes in a completely sterile room using robots.
Each block consists of 74 elements, it looks extremely similar to simple palter batteries (Panasonic lithium-ion cells) divided into 6 groups. At the same time, find out the scheme of their placement and work is almost unrealistic - this is a big secret, which means that the replica of this battery will be extremely difficult. Chinese analogue of the Tesla Model S Battery We are unlikely to see!
The role of a positive electrode is graphite, and negative - nickel, cobalt and aluminum oxide. The specified amount of electrical voltage in the capsule is 3.6V.
The most powerful of the existing batteries (its volume is 85 kW * h) consists of 7104 similar batteries. And it weighs about 540 kg, and its parameters are 210 cm in length, 150 cm in width and 15 cm in thickness. The amount of energy produced by just one block of 16 is equal to the number produced by hundreds of batteries from laptop computers.
When assembling its tesla batteries, elements manufactured in various countries, such as India, PRC, Mexico, but final refinement and equipment are made in the United States. The company provides warranty service for its products for up to 8 years.
So you learned from which the Tesla Model S Battery and the principle of its work.
Another interesting thing about Tesla: here you are, and here it is
We will look inside the electric vehicle battery Tesla Model S and find out how it is arranged.
According to the North American Environmental Protection Agency (ELE), Model S is enough one post-85 kW batteries for overcoming more than 400 km, which is the most significant indicator among such cars presented in the specialized market. For overclocking up to 100 km / hour, only 4.4 seconds are enough to the electrocaria.
The key to the success of this model is the presence of lithium-ion batteries, the main components of which are shipped for Tesla by Panasonic. Tesla Batteries are sheaven legends. And therefore one of the owners of such a battery decided to break its integrity and find out what it is inside. By the way, the cost of such a battery is equal to 45 000 USD.
The battery is located in the bottom, thanks to which Tesla has a low center of gravity and excellent handling. He joins the body through brackets.
We disassemble:
The battery compartment is formed by 16 blocks that are parallel to and are fencing from the environment by means of metal plates, as well as a plastic overlay that prevents water from entering.
Before it fully disassembled, the electrical voltage was measured, confirmed the working condition of the battery.
The accumulation of batteries is distinguished by high density and precision fitting parts. The entire configuration process passes in a completely sterile room using robots.
Each block consists of 74 elements, it looks extremely similar to simple palter batteries (Panasonic lithium-ion cells) divided into 6 groups. At the same time, find out the scheme of their placement and work is almost unrealistic - this is a big secret, which means that the replica of this battery will be extremely difficult. Chinese Analog Battery Tesla Model S We are unlikely to see.
The role of a positive electrode is graphite, and negative - nickel, cobalt and aluminum oxide. The specified amount of electrical voltage in the capsule is 3.6V.
The most powerful of the existing batteries (its volume is 85 kW * h) consists of 7104 similar batteries. And it weighs about 540 kg, and its parameters are 210 cm in length, 150 cm in width and 15 cm in thickness. The amount of energy produced by just one block of 16 is equal to the number produced by hundreds of batteries from laptop computers.
When assembling its tesla batteries, elements manufactured in various countries, such as India, PRC, Mexico, but final refinement and equipment are made in the United States. The company provides warranty service for its products for up to 8 years.
Now you know from what the electric vehicle battery Tesla Model S.
The main problem of electrocars is not an infrastructure at all, but the "batteries". Charging to put on each parking is not so difficult. Yes, and power grid power tighten quite real. If someone does not believe in it, remember the explosive growth of cellular networks. Operators literally launched the infrastructure around the world at times more complicated and more expensive than necessary for electrocars. There will be a "infinite" cash flow and development prospects, so it extends the topic quickly and without greater noise.Prosthatsky Calculation of the Battery Economics TESLA Model S
Initially, we'll figure it out "From what this your hot dog is made." Unfortunately, on the manufacturer's website, these TTX is published for the buyer who does not even like to remember the Ohm's law, so I had to search for information and engage in our rude attacks.What do we know about this battery?
There are three options that are marked by kilowatt-hours: 40, 60 and 85 kWh (40 already removed from production).
It is known that the battery is assembled from the serial batteries of 18650 Li-Ion 3.7V. Manufacturer Sanyo (it is also Panasonic), the capacity of each bank is supposedly 2600mAh, and the weight of 48g. Most likely there are alternative supplies, but the TTX should be ~ the same and the bulk of the conveyor is still from the world leader.
(In serial machines, rechargeable assemblies look at all like this \u003d)
They say the weight of the full battery ~ 500kg (it is clear that it depends on the capacity). We throw the protective shell, heating / cooling system, trifles and wiring weighing, well, let's say, kg 100. There remains ~ 400kg batteries. With the weight of one bank, 48g comes out roughly ~ 8000-10000 cans.
Check the assumption:
85000 watt-hours / 3.7 volts \u003d ~ 23000 amp-hours
23000 / 2,6 \u003d ~ 8850 cans
That is, ~ 425kg
So rude converges. We can argue that there are elements ~ 2600mAh in the amount of about 8k.
So I came across the film after calculations \u003d). Here foggy reports that the battery consists of more than 7 thousand cells.
Now we can easily estimate the financial side of the issue.
Each Bank of the ordinary buyer retail today costs ~ $ 6.5.
In order not to be unfounded, I confirm the screen. Paired sets of $ 13.85: 
Wholesale price from the factory will apparently, almost 2 times lower. That is, somewhere $ 3.5-4 per piece. You can buy even one bibik (8000-9000 pieces is already a serious wholesale).
And it turns out that the cost of battery battery themselves is today ~ $ 30,000. Of course, they are significantly cheaper.
According to the manufacturer specifications (Sanyo), we have 1000 guaranteed recharge cycles. Actually, it is written there at least 1000, but the fact is that for ~ 8000 cans just be relevant to the minimum.
Thus, if you take the standard middle Mileage Machines for the year 25000km (i.e. somewhere ~ 1-2 charges per week), we will get approximately 13 years to complete unsuitable 100%. But almost half of the capacity, these banks are losing already after 4 years in this mode (this fact is recorded for this type of batteries). In fact, they are still working, but the car is half a run. Operation in this form loses any meaning.
So, somewhere $ 30-40k in 4 years of normal ranks fly away. Against the background of this, any calculations for charging costs look ridiculous (there will be ~ $ 2-4k electricity for the entire battery life \u003d).
Even of these rude digits, you can estimate the prospects for the "DVS-Skyukhk" displacement with the car market.
For a Sedana-like MODEL S Sedan with 250km per year will leave ~ $ 2500-3000 on gasoline. For 4 years, respectively, ~ $ 10-14k.
conclusions
As long as the price on the battery does not fall 2.5 times (or the prices for fuel will not rise 2.5 times \u003d), about the mass capture of the market to speak early.However, prospects are excellent. Battery manufacturers will build capacity. Batteries will become easier. They will have less rare-earth metals.
Once for similar cans (3.7v) Affordable wholesale price for capacity 1000mah will reduce to $ 0.6-0.5, the mass movement in the electrocarios will begin (gasoline will be ~ equal to expenses).
I recommend monitoring other factors "Batars". Perhaps the prices of them will change unevenly.
I assume that such a price reduction will occur even to new revolution in technologies chemical batteries. It will be fast evolutionary process that will occupy 2-5 years.
Of course, the risk of a sharp increase in demand for such batteries remains. As a result, a shortage of raw materials or deliveries, but it seems to me that everything will cost. Similar risks were greatly overestimated in the past, and as a result, everything was somehow established.
Here it is necessary to celebrate another interesting point. Tesla does not just sear the banks of 8k to one "canned". Batteries pass complex testing, they are selected to each other, a high-quality chain is created, a tricky cooling system is added, a bunch of controllers, sensors and other, while inaccessible to the ordinary buyer, high current filling. So buy new battery It will be cheaper at TESL "s, than to save and take any Baid. And it turns out that Tesla immediately signed all buyers on consumables that are 10 times more expensive than the energy of charge. This is a good business \u003d).
Another thing is that competitors will soon appear. For example, BMW is about to begin the release of an electrical I-series (most likely I put in BMW shares instead of Tesl for many years). Well, then - more.
Bonus. How to change global Market?
From the point of view of the main raw materials, steel consumption will fall sharply for the production of cars. Aluminum from the engine will smoke into the cabinet parts, because the electrocarbers can already be done from steel (too heavy). Freshly does not need complex and heavy steel components. In the car (and in the infrastructure) there will be significantly more copper, more polymers, more electronics, but almost no steel (minimum in traction elements + chassis and armor. Everything). Even the wrapper of batteries will cost without tin \u003d).Almost to zero will reduce the flow rate of oils, lubricants, liquids and any additives. Leaves stinking fuel. However, the polymers will need more and more, so Gazprom remains on horseback \u003d). In general, oil is irrational to "burn." From her you can do hard and durable products of the highest technological level. So the age of hydrocarbons will not end on the electrocars, but reforms in this market will be serious and painful.
