Wind is free energy! So let's use it for personal purposes. If the creation of a VES on an industrial scale is very expensive, because in addition to the generator, a number of studies and calculations should be conducted, the state does not take such expenses, and investors in the countries of the former USSR are for some reason it does not cause much interest. In particular, you can make a mini-windmill for your own needs. It is worth understanding that the project for the translation of your home on an alternative energy is very expensive.
As already mentioned: it is necessary to produce long-term observations and calculations to choose the optimal ratio of the size of a wind wheel and the generator, suitable for your climate, the rose of winds and the average annual wind speed.
The efficiency of the wind-electrical installation within one region may differ at times, this is due to the fact that the wind movement depends not only on the climatic belt, but also from the terrain.
However, you can find out what wind power with minimal costs gathering a budget installation for powering a low-power load, such as a smartphone, light bulbs or a radio reception. With a proper approach, you can provide electricity a small home or country site.
Let's look at how you can make the simplest wind-electrical installation with your own hands.
Low power windmills from girlfriend
A computer cooler is a neclectron engine, which in its original form does not represent practical value.
It must be rewinded, as the winding is connected inappropriately. Wind coils alternately:
Clockwise;
Counterclock-wise;
Clockwise;
Counterclock-wise.
It is necessary to connect adjacent coils in series, and even better to wind one piece moving from one groove to another. In this case, the thickness of the wire in this case is made arbitrarily, it will be better if you what as many turns as possible, and this is possible when using the least thin wire.
The output voltage from such a generator will be variable, and its value will depend on revolutions (wind speed), install the diode bridge from Schottki diodes to straighten it to constant, conventional diodes will fit, but it will be worse, because They will fall out voltage from 1 to 2 volts.
Lyrical retreat, a little theory
Remember the magnitude of the EDC equals:
where L is the length of the conductor placed in the magnetic field; V is the rotational speed of the magnetic field;
When upgrading the generator, you can only affect the length of the conductor, that is, on the number of turns of each of the coils. The amount of turns - determines the output voltage, and the thickness of the wire is the maximum current load.
In practice, it is impossible to influence the wind speed. However, from this situation, too, there is a way out, you can, having learned the type wind speed for your locality to design the appropriate screws for wind-electrical installation, as well as gear or belt transmission, to ensure sufficient revolutions to generate the required voltage.
IMPORTANT: Faster does not mean better !!! With too much speed of rotation of the wind generator to reduce its resource, deteriorates the lubricating properties of the sleeves or bearings of the rotor, and it is embedded, and quickly happen to break the windings insulation in the generator
The generator consists of:
Increase the generator power from a computer cooler
First, the more blades and the wheel diameter - the better, so look at 120 mm coolers.
Secondly, we have already said that the tension depends on the magnetic field, the fact is that industrial high-power generators have excitation windings, and low power - strong magnets. In cooler, magnets are extremely weak and do not allow to achieve good results From the generator, and the gap between the rotor and the stator is very large - about 1 mm, and this is with the already weak magnets.
The solution to this problem is radically changed the generator design. Rather, only the impeller will need from the cooler, the motor from the printer or any other home appliances will be applied as the generator itself. Most often are brush engines with excitation from permanent magnets.
As a result, it will look like this.
The power of such a generator is enough to power the LEDs, the radio receiver. It is not enough for recharging the phone, the phone will display the charge process, but the current will be extremely small, up to 100 amps, with wind 5-10 meters per second.
Stepper motor as a wind generator
The stepper motor is very often found in computer and household appliances, in various players, floppy drives (interesting old models 5.25 "), printers (especially matrix), scanners, etc.
These engines without alterations can work as a generator role, they are a rotor with permanent magnets, and stator with windings, typical connection scheme stepper Engine In the generator mode is shown in the figure.
The diagram is installed a linear stabilizer by 5 volts, such as L7805, which will allow without fear to connect mobile phones to such a windmill for charging them.
In the photo, the generator from the stepper motor with the installed blades.
Engine in a specific case with 4 output wires, diagram, respectively, under it. The engine with such dimensions in the generator mode produces about 2 W at a weak wind (wind speed of about 3 m / s) and 5 m / s with a strong (up to 10 m / s).
By the way, here is a similar scheme with stabilion, instead of L7805. Allows you to charge Li-Ion batteries.
Improvemade windmill
So that the generator worked more efficiently needs to make a guide shank and consolidate it on the mast moving. Then, when the wind direction changes, the direction of the wind generator will change. Then the following problem occurs - the cable that comes from the generator to the consumer will spin around the mast. To solve it, you need to provide mobile contact. On Ebay and Aliexpress for sale a finished solution.
The lower three wires are stationary go down, and the upper beam of the wires is moving, a sliding contact or brush mechanism is installed inside. If you do not have the opportunity to buy, show the smelting, and, inspired by the solution of the Zhigul car designers, namely the implementation of the moving contact of the signal button on the steering wheel and do something similar. Or use the contact platform from the electric kettle.
Connecting connectors, you will receive mobile contact.
Powerful wind generator from undergraduates.
For greater power, you can use two options:
1. Generator from the screwdriver (10-50 W);
From the screwdriver only the motor is needed, the option is similar to the previous one, you can use the fan blades as a screw, it will increase the final power of your installation.
Here is an example of this project:
Please note how the gear-enhancing transmission is implemented here - the wind generator shaft is located in the pipe, at its end there is a gear that transmits the rotation of a smaller gear on the motor shaft. An increase in engine speed takes place in industrial windscreen electrical installations. Reducer apply everywhere.
However, in conditions of homemade, make a reducer to become a big problem. You can remove the gearbox from the power tool, it is needed there to lower the high speed on the collector motor shaft into normal rotation of the cartridge on the drill, or the bladler disk:
The flower gearbox is installed in the drill;
A corner reducer is installed in the grinder (it will be useful for mounting some settings and reduce the load from the tail of the VEU);
Reducer from hand drill.
This embodiment of the self-made wind generator can already be charged 12 to batteries, but you need a converter to form a charging current and voltage. This task can simplify using the automotive generator.
The advantage of such a generator is the ability to use it to charge automotive batteries, in principle it is intended for this. Autogenerators have a built-in voltage regulator relay, which eliminates the need to buy additional stabilizers or converters.
However, motorists know that low idling, Approximately 500-1000 rpm The power of such a generator is small, and it does not provide proper current for the battery charge. This leads to the need to connect to the windwall through a gearbox or belt transmission.
Adjust the number of revolutions with a normal wind speed latitudes with a selection of a gear ratio or using a properly designed wind vehicle.
Useful advice
Perhaps the most comfortable mast design for the windmill - depicted in the picture. Such a mast stretches on cables fixed on the holders in the ground, which ensures stability.
Important: The height of the mast should be as much as possible about 10 meters. At greater height, the wind is stronger, because for him there are no obstacles in the form of land structures, hills and trees. In no case, do not install the wind generator on the roof of your house. Resonant oscillations of fastening structures can cause the destruction of its walls.
Take care of the reliability of the carrier mast, because the design of the windmill on the basis of such a generator is significantly weighty and is an already a fairly serious solution that can carry out autonomous dacha power supply with a minimum set of electrical appliances. Devices that work from 220 volts can be powered by the inverter 12-220 V. The most common option of such an inverter is.
It is better to use generators from diesel, incl. trucks, because they are designed to work on low revs. Average diesel engine A large truck works in the circuit range from 300 to 3500 rpm.
Modern generators give out 12 or 24 volts, and a current of 100 amps - has long been normal. After carrying out simple calculations, it is possible to determine that such a generator will give you up to 1 kW of power to 1 kW, and the alternator from Zhiguli (12 B 40-60 A) is 350-500 W, which is already a pretty decent figure.
What should be the windweight for homemade VEU?
I mentioned in the text that the windweight should be large and with a large number of blades, in fact it is not. This statement was fair for those micro-generators who do not claim to be serious electrical machines, but rather copies for familiarization and leisure.
In fact, the design, calculation and the creation of the wind vehicles is a very difficult task. Wind energy will be used rational if it is performed very accurately and perfectly withdrawn "aviation" profile, while it must be installed with a minimum angle to the wheel rotation plane.
The real power of the windwall with the same diameter and different number of blades is the same, the difference is only in the speed of their rotation. The smaller the wings - the greater the revolutions per minute, with the same wind and diameter. If you are going to achieve maximum revolutions, you must as accurately fix the wings with a minimum angle to the plane of their rotation.
Familiarize yourself with the table from the book of 1956 "Homemade Wind Position" ed. DOSAAF Moscow. It shows the connection of the diameter of the wheel, power and revolutions.
At home, these theoretical calculations give little sense, lovers make the wind-makes from the primary means, goes into move:
Metal sheets;
Plastic sewer pipes.
It is possible to assemble with your own hands. 2-4 vane windweight can be from sewer pipes, besides them, you need a hacksaw or any other cutting tool. The use of these pipes is due to their form, after trimming, they have a concave form, which ensures high responsiveness to air flows.
After trimming, they are fixed with bolts on a metal, textolite or plywood blank. If you are going to make it from plywood - it is better to run and twist with self-stairs on both sides of several layers of plywood, then you will achieve stiffness.
Here is the idea of \u200b\u200btwo paddle solid impeller for the generator from the stepper motor.
conclusions
You can make a wind-electrical installation from small capacities - units of watts, to power individual LED lamps, beacons and small equipment, to good power values \u200b\u200bin kilowatt units, accumulate energy in the battery, use it in its original form or convert to 220 volts. The cost of such a project will depend on your needs, perhaps the most expensive element is the mast and batteries, it may be within $ 300-500.
Stepper motor This is not only a motor drivening all kinds of device (printer, scanner, etc.), but also a good generator! The main advantage of such a generator is that he does not need large revs. In other words, even with small revolutions, the stepper engine produces quite a lot of energy. That is, the usual cycling generator requires initial speeds until the lantern starts shining with bright light. This deficiency disappears when using a stepper motor.
In turn, the stepping motor has a number of shortcomings. The main of them is a great magnetic sticking.
Anyway. First, we need to find a stepper engine. There is a rule: the engine is more - the better.
Let's start with the largest. I walked it out of the plotter for printing, this is such a big printer. The engine looks pretty big.
Before showing you a stabilization and nutrition scheme, I want to show you the attachment method to your cycle.
Here is another option with a smaller engine.
I think each of you when building will choose the most suitable option for him.
Well, now the time has come to talk about lanterns and nutrition chains. Naturally all lamps - LED.
The straightening scheme is normal: a block of rectifier diodes, a pair of large capacitance capacitors and a voltage stabilizer.
Usually, from the stepper motor, there are 4 wires corresponding to two coils. Therefore, in the figure, two rectifier blocks.
Driving on a bike past the country areas, I saw a working wind generator. Large blades slowly, but rightly rotated, the fluger oriented the device in the direction of the wind.
I wanted to realize a similar design, albeit not able to produce power sufficient to ensure "serious" consumers, but still working and, for example, charging batteries or feeding LEDs.
One of the most effective options for a small homemade wind power generator is to use stepper Engine (Shd) (eng. stepping (STEPPER, STEP) Motor) - In such a motor, the shaft rotation consists of small steps. The stepping motor windings are combined into phases. When the current is supplied to one of the phases, the shaft moves one step.
These engines are low-speed And the generator with such an engine can be without a gearbox connected to a wind turbine, a stirling engine or another low-speed power source. When used as an ordinary (collector) engine generator direct current To achieve the same results, it would be required 10-15 times a higher rotational speed.
A feature of the header is a fairly high moment of start (even without electrical load connected to the generator), reaching 40 grams of force on a centimeter.
The efficiency coefficient of the generator from the SD reaches 40%.
To check the performance of the stepper motor, you can connect, for example, a red LED. Rotating motor shaft, you can observe the glow of the LED. The polarity of the connection of the LED does not matter, since the engine produces an alternating current.
There are enough stores powerful engines Fixed flexible disc drives, as well as old printers and scanners.
For example, I have a shd from the old 5.25 "drive worked as part ZX Spectrum - compatible computer "byte".
Such a drive contains two windings, from the ends and the middle of which conclusions are made - the engine is derived from the engine six Wires:
first winding (eng. cOIL 1.) - blue (eng. blue) And yellow (eng. yellow);
second winding (eng. cOIL 2.) - Red (eng. red) And white (eng. white);
brown (eng. brown.) Wires - Conclusions from midpoints of each winding (eng. center Taps.).
disassembled stepping motor
The engine is visible to the left, on which the "striped" magnetic poles are visible - North and South. It is clearly visible a stator winding, consisting of eight coils.
Half resistance winding makes up
I used this engine in the original design of my wind generator.
At my disposal less powerful stepper engine T1319635 Firms Epoch Electronics Corp. From scanner HP Scanjet 2400. It has five Conclusions (Unipolar Motor):
first winding (eng. cOIL 1.) - Orange (eng. orange.) And black (eng. black.);
second winding (eng. cOIL 2.) - brown (eng. brown.) And yellow (eng. yellow);
red (eng. red) Wire - connected together conclusions from the midpoint of each winding (eng. center Taps.).
Half resistance winding is 58 ohms, which is indicated on the engine housing.
In the improved version of the wind generator, I used a stepping motor Robotron SPA 42 / 100-558produced in the GDR and the voltage designed for 12 V:
There are two options for the arrangement of the axis of the impeller (turbine) of the wind generator - horizontal and vertical.
Advantage horizontal (most popular) location The axes located in the direction of the wind is more efficient use of wind energy, disadvantage - complication of the design.
I chose vertical location axis - Vawt. (vertical Axis Wind Turbine), which significantly simplifies the design and does not require orientation in the wind . This option is more suitable for mounting on the roof, it is much more efficient in the conditions of fast and frequent changes in the direction of the wind.
I used the type of wind turbine, called the Savonius wind turbine (eng. Savonius Wind Turbine.). It was invented in 1922 Sigurd Johannes Savonius (Sigurd Johannes Savonius) From Finland.
Sigurd Johannes Savonius
The work of the Savonius wind turbine is based on the fact that resistance (eng. drag.) The airflow of the air - the wind of the concave surface of the cylinder (blades) is greater than the convex.
Aerodynamic resistance coefficients (english drag Coefficients) $ C_D $
concave half of the cylinder (1) - 2.30
convex half of the cylinder (2) - 1.20
flat Square Plate - 1.17
concave half hemisphere (3) - 1.42
convex half hemisphere (4) - 0.38
The specified values \u200b\u200bare given for Reynolds numbers (English. Reynolds Numbers) In the range of $ 10 ^ 4 - 10 ^ 6 $. The Reynolds number characterizes the behavior of the body in the medium.
Body resistance force airflow $ \u003d<<1 \over 2> S \\ rho.
Such a wind turbine rotates in the same side, regardless of the direction of the wind:
A similar principle of operation is used in a cup anemometer (eng. cup Anemometer) - Device for measuring wind speed:
Such an anemometer was invented in 1846 by Irish Astronomer John Thomas Romney Robinson ( John Thomas Romney Robinson):
Robinson believed that the cups in its four-stage anemometer were moved at a speed equal to one third of the wind speed. In reality, this value varies from two to a little more than three.
Currently, three-dimensional anemometers developed by Canadian meteorologist John Patterson ( John Patterson.) In 1926:
Generators on DC collector engines with vertical microturbine are sold on eBay. For price about $ 5:
Such turbine contains four blades located along two perpendicular axes, with a diameter of a 100 mm impeller, a height of a blade of 60 mm, a length of chord 30 mm and a 11 mm segment height. The impeller is attached to the DC collector micromotor shaft with marking JQ24-125p70. The nominal supply voltage of such an engine is 3. 12 V.
The energy produced by such a generator is enough for the luminescence of the "White" LED.
Savonius wind turbine rotation speed can not exceed wind speed , but this design is characterized high torque (eng. torque).
The efficiency of the wind turbine can be estimated by comparing the power generated by the wind generator with a power concluded in the wind blowing the turbine:
$ P \u003d.<1\over 2>\\ Rho S.
Initially, four blades are used in the impeller of my generator in the form of segments (halves) of cylinders cut from plastic pipes:
segment length - 14 cm;
segment height - 2 cm;
the length of the chord segment is 4 cm;
I installed the collected design on a high enough (6 m 70 cm) of a wooden mast from a bar attached by self-drawing to a metal frame:
The lack of a generator was quite high wind speed required for the promotion of the blades. To increase the surface area, I used blades cut from plastic bottles:
segment length - 18 cm;
segment height - 5 cm;
the length of the chord segment is 7 cm;
the distance from the start of the segment to the center of the axis of rotation is 3 cm.
The problem was the strength of the blades holders. At first I used perforated aluminum planks from the Soviet children's designer 1 mm thick. After a few days of operation, the strong gusts of the wind led to a breakdown of slats (1). After this failure, I decided to cut the holders of the blades from the foil textolite (2) with a thickness of 1.8 mm:
The strength of the textolite for bending is perpendicular to the plate is 204 MPa and comparable with aluminum bending strength - 275 MPa. But the aluminum elastic module $ E $ (70,000 MPa) is much larger than that of the textolite (10,000 MPa), i.e. Texolit is much more elastic aluminum. This, in my opinion, taking into account the greater thickness of the textolite holders, will ensure much greater reliability of the fastening of the wind-generator blades.
The wind generator is mounted on the mast:
Experienced operation of the new version of the wind generator showed its reliability even with severe wind gusts.
The disadvantage of the Savonius turbine is low efficiency - Only about 15% of wind energy is converted to the energy of the shaft rotation (it is much less than it can be achieved with darier wind turbine (eng. Darrieus Wind Turbine.)), using lifting force (eng. lift). This type of wind turbine was invented by the French aircraft designer George Daria (Georges Jean Marie Darrieus) - US Patent from 1931 No. 1,835,018 .
The disadvantage of the turbine Daria is that she has a very bad self-timing (to generate a torque from wind turbine should already be promoted).
Electricity transformation generated by a stepper engine
The conclusions of the stepping motor can be connected to two bridge rectifiers collected from Schottky diodes to reduce the voltage drop on diodes.
You can apply popular Schottky diodes 1N5817. with maximum reverse voltage of 20 V, 1N5819. - 40 V and maximum direct medium straightened current 1 A. I connected rectifier outputs consistently in order to increase the output voltage.
You can also use two rectifiers with a midwater. Such a rectifier requires two times less diodes, but the output voltage decreases twice.
The pulsating voltage is then smoothed using a capacitive filter - a condenser 1000 μF by 25 V. to protect against increased generated voltage parallel to the condenser included Stabilion on 25 V.
scheme of my wind generator
electronic block of my wind generator
In windy weather, idling voltage at the exit electronic block The wind generator reaches 10 V, and a short circuit current is 10 mA.
Connection to Joule Thief
Then the smoothed voltage from the capacitor can be fed to Joule Thief. - low-voltage DC-DC. converter. I collected such a converter on the basis of Germany pNP.-Transistor GT308V ( Vt.) and a pulsed transformer MIT-4B (coil L1 - conclusions 2-3, L2. - Conclusions 5-6):
Resistor resistance value R. It is selected experimentally (depending on the type of transistor) - it is advisable to use a variable resistor by 4.7 kΩ and gradually reduce its resistance, achieving stable work converter.
my converter Joule Thief.
Charge of ionistors (supercapacitors)
Ionistor (supercapacitor, eng. supercapacitor) is a hybrid capacitor and chemical source Current.
Jonistor - unpolary The element, but one of the conclusions can be marked with an "arrow" - to designate the polarity of residual voltage after it is charging at the factory.
For initial research, I used an ionistor 5R5D11F22H With a capacity of 0.22 ° C voltage 5.5 V (diameter 11.5 mm, height 3.5 mm):
I connected it through a diode to the output Joule Thief. via germanium diode D310.
To limit the maximum voltage of the charging of the ionistor, you can use a stabilion or a chain of LEDs - I use a chain from two Red LEDs:
To prevent the discharge of the already charged ionistor through restrictive LEDs HL1 and HL2. I added another diode - VD2..
My homemade wind generator On the stepping motor, my exciting and dangerous experiments
My homemade wind generator on the stepping engine driving on a bike past the country areas, I saw a working wind generator. Large blades slowly, but rightly rotated, vane
Stepper motor as a generator?
I was lying around the stepper engine and, I decided to try it to use it as a generator. The engine was removed from the old matrix printer, the inscriptions on it are as follows: EPM-142 EPM-4260 7410. The engine caught a unipolar, which means that this engine has 2 windings with a tap from the middle, the winding resistance was 2x6.
For the test you need another engine to promote stepper. The design and fastening of the engines is shown in the drawings below:
Smoothly start the engine so that the gum does not fly. I must say that high revolutions She still flies, on this voltage above 6 volts did not raise.
We connect a voltmeter and start testing, for starters, measure the voltage. 
I think nothing to explain is not necessary and everything is clear in the photo below. The voltage was 16 volts, the revolutions of the spinning motors are not big, I think that it is more stronger to unwind, it is possible to squeeze all 20 volts.
Set the voltage slightly less than 5 volts, so that the stepper motor after the bridge gives up about 12 volts.
Shines! The voltage at the same time from 12 volts was caught up to 8 and the engine began to spin slightly slower. Current KZ without lED ribbon amounted to 0.08a - I will remind you that the spinning engine worked not at full power, and do not forget about the second winding of the stepper motor, it is impossible to parallel them, but I did not want to collect the scheme.
I think, from a stepper motor, you can make a good generator, attach it to a bike, or make a wind generator based on it.
Stepper motor as a generator? Meander - Entertaining Electronics
Stepper motor as a generator? I was lying around the stepper engine and, I decided to try it to use it as a generator. The engine was removed from the old matrix printer, inscription
Usually blowing a light breeze, but my mini windmill is periodically spinning to very large revolutions, the screw rotates at such a speed that it is practically not visible, though, with such revolutions, the bastings rocate can be rocked. Now this windmill supports in working condition an old, but the working battery so that he does not discharge. The maximum power of the windmill is only up to 100m, it may be possible to give out and more, but we usually blow with a small wind, and frozen on the usual breeze.
The design of such windmills spied on the same overseas site and decided to repeat, and this baby was born. As a generator, a stepper motor from a long time of non-working and drifting in my inkjet printer was used. Obraveling him twisted the fiberglass. Further I looked, turned it, twisted with my hands, I remembered how much it gives, I gave very little, but the volts rose above 12, which means he couldoretically charge the battery.
Next, from the transistor made a mount for the blades. The transistor drilled on the diameter of the shaft on which the gear nozzle was becoming, in general under its size. She put on the tree of the transistor, drowned glue and twisted making sure that everything is smooth. Then finally fixed with the help of epoxy. Divorced a little and flooded the hole of the transistor, additionally defended the motor from the bad weather shrouding holes in the motor. Below is the photo of this generator.
Next, from the segment of PVC pipes, with a diameter of 110mm, cut the blade, the billet was drawn on the pipe, which cut out the cutting machine. The sizes took the exemplary width turned out to be 9cm, and the scope of the screw is 48cm. Drilled holes and screwed the screw to the motor-generator with the help of small bolts.
As a basis, it used a segment of a 55-to-one PVC pipe, then cut the tail from the plywood, and added a piece from 110-TUN. Motor inserted inside the pipe. After the assembly, it turned out such a wind power station. Immediately gathered a rectifier. So, as this motor did not want to give a lot of volts on small revolutions, I collected according to the doubling scheme and turned on sequentially.
Diodes took HER307, capacitors - 3300mKF
The scheme looked into polyethylene and put a rectifier into the pipe, then the engine and tied it with a wire through the drilled holes, the space stalled with silicone. So, Silicone then stalked all the holes on top, and the bottom drilled one hole just in case, so that if the water is glass, and the condensate evaporated.
The tail secured through the bolt, the semicircular tail inserted and tied to the wire, it is so firmly held. Found the center of gravity, drilled (dia. 9mm.) I still drilled dia. 6mm Two bolts M10, through, under the axis. (M10 bolts here serve as the "bearing" of the axis) screwed on top and bottom of the M10 bolts into the pipe, smeared the long bolt M6 solidol and twisted everything, it turned out quite rustling. The bolt-axis (M6) screwed to the corner, and its stick. From above on the M10 bolt dressed on silicone cork, now the axis of the water is not afraid. All wind generator is made.
For the mast took several storces. who twisted the screws, secured the windmill and raised to the wind. Connected to the battery, charging comes, but very weak, supports the battery from a natural discharge. Since the yard is spinning, I was satisfied, at least I would know where the wind blows. This option is - as it is said on that site - Little Weekend Project, then-there is a small project for the weekend, for the pleasure of a thread to pick up, the more I am not I spent a penny ... glue is not counting. So in the idea can be a couple of small LEDs to light, or mobile phone For a couple of days, charge, but most likely such a weak current will take the phone for bad contact and turn off by writing a bad connection on the display.
In the future, if there is a time and a desire can make the courtyard on the lighting, that's just the second one, I will put a small battery, or several batteries. For this, one more stepper remained, only this gives a 2x20 volt from scrolling with hand, but the current is small. And the second - on the brushes, immediately stand. From hand 10 volts, KZ - 0.5 amp. And I will still torment the autogenerator, just the magnets wait.
Every year people keep searching for alternative sources. Homemade power plant from the old automobile generator It will be by the way in remote areas where there is no connection to a common network. She will be able to freely charge rechargeable batteriesAnd also will ensure the operation of several household appliances and lighting. Where to use the energy that will be developed solve you, and also collect it with your own hands or acquire from manufacturers who are in the market. In this article we will help you to deal with the wind-generator assembly scheme with their own hands from those materials that always have any owner.
Consider the principle of the wind-power plant. A rotor and screws are activated under the rapid wind stream, after the movement comes the main shaft, rotating the gearbox, and then generates. At the exit, we get electricity. Consequently, the higher the speed of rotation of the mechanism, the greater the performance. Accordingly, when locating designs, take into account the terrain, relief, know the areas of the territories where the high speed of the vortex.
Instructions for assembly from a car generator
To do this, you need to prepare all the components in advance. Most. an important element is a generator. It is best to take a tractor or bus, it is able to work out much more energy. But if there is no such possibility, it is most likely to do and more weak aggregates. To build the device you will need:
voltmeter
Relay battery charging
Steel for the manufacture of blades
12 volt battery
Box for wires
4 bolts with nuts and washers
Clamps for fastening
Build a home device for 220V
When everything is needed ready go to the assembly. Each options may have additional details, but they are clearly stipulated directly in the manual.
First, collect a wind wheel - the main element of the design, because this item will transform the wind energy into mechanical. It is best that he has 4 blades. Remember that the smaller their number, the more mechanical vibration and the more difficult it will be balanced. Make them of sheet steel or iron barrel. The form they must be worn out of such as you saw in old mills, but resembling a wing type. They have aerodynamic resistance much lower, and effectiveness is higher. After you with the help of a grinder, cut the windmill with blades with a diameter of 1.2-1.8 meters, it is necessary to attach it with the rotor with the axis of the generator, drill the opening and connecting the bolts.
Assembling the electrical circuit
Fix the wires and connect them directly to the battery and the voltage converter. It is required to use everything that at school in the lessons of physics you were taught to make a mastery when assembling electrical circuit. Before starting the development, think about which kw you need. It is important to note that without subsequent alteration and the rewind of the stator are not suitable at all, the working turns are 1.2 thousand-6 thousand r / m, and this is not enough to produce energy. It is for this reason that it takes rid of the excitation coil. To raise the voltage level, rewind the stator with a thin wire. As a rule, as a result, the power will be at 10 m / s 150-300 watts. After assembly, the rotor will be good to magnetize, as if the power was connected to it.
Rotary homemade wind generators are very reliable in work and are economically beneficial, the only imperfection is the fear of severe busting of the wind. The principle of work has a simple - whirlwind through the blades causes the mechanism to spin. In the course of these intensive rotations, the energy required to you is produced. Such a power station is a very good way to provide a small house with electricity, of course, to pump water from the well of its power will not be enough, but to watch TV or turn on the light in all rooms with it is possible.
From home fan
The fan itself may be inoperative, but it takes only a few parts from it - this is a rack and screw itself. For the design, you will need a small stepper engine stitching by a diode bridge so that it gives out a constant voltage, a bottle of shampoo, a plastic plumbing tube is about 50 cm long, the plug for it and the lid from the plastic bucket.
On the machine make the sleeve and fix in the connector from the wings of the disassembled fan. The generator will be attached to this bushing. After fixing, you need to do the manufacture of the housing. Cut with a machine or manually bottom from a bottle of shampoo. During cutting, it is also required to leave the hole to 10 so that insert the axis, is turned out of an aluminum rod. Attach it with a bolt and nut to a bottle. After the soldering of all wires was performed, another hole is done in the bottle housing for the output of these wiring. We stretch them and fix them in a bottle from above on the generator. In shape, they must coincide and the bottle body must reliably hide all its parts.
Shank for our device
In order for in the future, he trampled wind streams from different sides, collect the shank, using a pre-prepared tube. The tail part will be fastened with the unscrewed covers from the shampoo. It also make a hole and, pre-put on one end of the tube plug, stretch it and fix it to the main bottle body. On the other hand, the tube is powered with hacksaw and cut out with scissors from the cover of the plastic bucket of the shank wing, it should have a round shape. All you need is simply to trim the edges of the bucket that it attached to the main capacity.
On the back panel supports attach USB output And we fold all the details obtained in one. Fastening the radio or recharge the phone will be possible through this mounted USB port. Of course, it does not possess a strong power from the household fan, but still the lighting of one bulb can provide.
Wind generator with their own hands from the stepper motor
A device from a stepper motor Even with a small rotation speed produces about 3 W. Voltage can rise above 12 V, and this allows you to charge a small battery. As a generator, you can insert a stepping motor from the printer. In this mode, the stepper motor produces an alternating current, and it is easily converted to a constant using several diode bridges and capacitors. The scheme you can assemble yourself. The stabilizer is installed behind the bridges, as a result, we obtain a constant output voltage. To control the visually voltage, you can install the LED. In order to reduce the loss of 220 V, for its straightening, Schottky diodes are applied.
The blades will be from PVC pipe. The workpiece is drawn on the pipe, and then cut out the cutting disk. Scope of the screw should be about 50 cm, and the width is 10 cm. It is necessary to pull the sleeve with the flange under the size of the shaft of the shd. It is planted on the motor shaft and is attached with screws, plastic "screws" will be attached directly to the flanges. Also carry out balancing - from the ends of the wings, pieces of plastic are cut off, the angle of inclination is changed by heating and bending. In the device itself insert a piece of the pipe to which it is also attached by bolts. As for the electric fee, it is better to place it downstairs, and it takes power to it. From a stepper motor over 6 wires, which correspond to two coils. For them, current rings will be needed to transmit electricity from the movable part. By connecting all parts of each other, we turn to the testing of the structure, which will begin turnover at 1 m / s.
Windmill from Motor Wheel and Magnets
Not everyone knows that the wind generator from the motor-wheel can be collected with their own hands in a short time, the main thing is to be in advance the necessary materials. For him, the Rotor of Savonius is best suited, it can be purchased ready or independently. It consists of two half-cylindrical blades and overlap, of which the axis of rotation of the rotor is obtained. Material for their product Select yourself: wood, fiberglass or PVC pipe, which is the easiest and optimal option. We manufacture the place of connection of parts on which you need to do the mounting holes in accordance with the number of blades. A steel turning mechanism will be required so that the device can withstand any weather.
From ferrite magnets
The wind generator on magnets will be difficult to master in poorly angry masters, but you can still try. So, there must be four poles, each will be two ferrite magnets. It will cover them with a metal overlays of a thickness of a little less than a millimeter for the distribution of a more uniform stream. The main coils should be 6 pieces, rewinded with a thick wire and must be through each magnet, occupying space corresponding to the length of the field. The fastening of the winding patterns can be on the hub from the grinder, in the middle of which is installed in advance of the sharpened bolt.
The flow of energy supply of the height of fixing the stator over the rotor is regulated than it is higher, the smaller the sticking, respectively, the power decreases. For a windmill, you need to weld the support of the rack, and on the stator disk fix 4 large blades that you can cut out of the old metal barrel or the cover from the plastic bucket. For mid speed Rotation issues up to about 20 watts.
Windmill design on neodymium magnets
If you want to know about creating, you need to make the floor of the car hub with brake disks, such a choice is quite acquitted, because it is powerful, reliable and well balanced. After you see the hub from paint and dirt, go to the arrangement of neodymium magnets. They will be required by 20 pieces on the disk, the size should be 25x8 millimeters.
Magnets need to be placed, taking into account the alternation of the poles, it is better to create a paper template before gluing, or to dig lines dividing the disc on the sector to not confuse the poles. It is very important that they, standing apart opposite each other, were with different poles, that is, they attracted. Glue their super-glue. Raise borders on the edges of the discs, and in the center wound your tape or clamp a plasticine to prevent spreads. In order for the product to work with maximum return, the stator coil should be calculated correctly. An increase in the number of poles leads to an increase in the frequency of the current in the coils, due to this, the device even with a low frequency of turnover gives greater power. Winding coils is carried out by thicker wires, in order to reduce resistance in them.
When the main part is ready, the blades are made, as in the previous case and fix them to the mast, which can be made of ordinary plastic pipe with diameter - 160 mm. In the end, our generator working on the principle of magnetic levitation, with a diameter of one and a half meters and six wings, 8m / s is capable of providing up to 300 W.
Disappointment or expensive vane
Today there are many options to make a device for converting wind energy, each method is effective in its own way. If you are familiar with the method of manufacturing equipment generating energy, it will not matter on the basis of which to do it, the main thing is that it will be answered by the planned scheme, and yielded good power at the output.
