Surely everyone who wondered about the purchase of German car Skoda. Or Volkswagen, thoughtfully considered the Abbreviation TSI engine type, reflecting on what the feature of this power unit is. There are still many misconceptions on this issue on the expanses of Russia. Some believe that this type of engine works on diesel fuelSince with a smaller specific amount, it gives a large power value in comparison, for example, with a simple turbocharged engine. But in reality everything is different. Engine TSI, this is not a diesel.
How does the TSI and FSI engine work?
FSI.
In order to better understand how the TSI engine works, let's consider the work of its "fellow" FSI motor. The FSI abbreviation (Fuel Stratified Injection) designate engines developed by German specialists with the so-called "layered" fuel injection. In this engine, it is designed similarly to diesel aggregates:
the fuel pump is pumping gasoline under high pressure into the fuel ramp total for all cylinders. Controlled by the system of electromagnetic valves of fuel injection, is carried out with the help of nozzles, by the way, if you want to rinse the nozzles then you here. The opening of each of the injectors occurs after the command is submitted by the central control unit. The phase of work depends on both turns and engine load.
Video about Engine FSI
Advantages of the FSI engine.
The advantage of such an engine is that due to strict dosing of fuel injection into the combustion chamber, saving is achieved up to 15%, in comparison with gasoline engines equipped with classic system Injection. In addition, more uniform traction is provided at low and medium rates due to changes in the camshaft phases.
TSI.
Unlike the FSI engine, TSI motor is a gasoline power unit with a double turbocharging system. TSI Abbreviation (Turbo Stratified Injection) Here you can translate as an engine with layer-by-layer fuel injection and turbocharging.
Such an engine inherited from the FSI engine fuel injection system and received additional system mechanical compression. Naturally, the design of such an engine is much more complicated. However, this deficiency is completely compensated by its greater reliability, power and economy.
Video about TSI engine
The TSI engine layout is characterized by the fact that the turbocharger and mechanical compression system are separated along different directions of the engine. Traditional turbocharged engine gets additional power using energy exhaust gaseswhich spinning the turbine wheel, through the drive system, create compression and injection of air. Compared to a classic gasoline engine, such a system is more efficient, but the efficiency of the TSI engine with a layer-by-layer injection and turbocharging system is much more efficient.
The advantages of the TSI engine.
A large disadvantage of a simple turbocharged engine can be considered that it is weakly effective at small and idling. In contrast, the TSI motor has a mechanical compressor running on low revs and turbocharger, which ensures the increase in power at high revs. Thus, additional compression and injection of air into the engine system occurs almost throughout the range of operating speed. It is this factor that contributes to a multiple power gain with a reduced fuel consumption, which is provided by a system of dosage, layered injection and a double injection system.
All of the above factors lead to the fact that the TSI engine developed by the German "Assami" Volkswagen achieves impressive power values. So, in comparison with the classic turbocharged engine of the same manufacturer, with a nominal volume of the engine in 1.2 liters, the TSI engine shows the result on average by 12 hp Better (90 hp for engine turbocharged motor counter 102 hp for engine TSI). In addition, the double compression system leads to the absence of a failure of power and excellent thrust, both at low and high engine speeds.
Naturally, the complexity of the engine design could not not affect its price. But slightly appreciation is quite paying up with a reduced level of consumption and reinforced power.
Not everyone knows what TSI is and how this abbreviation is decrypted. We will tell about this today and tell.
What is it - tsi
The TSI engine is an installation on gasoline, characterized by the presence of a "double turbocharging" system. The translation of the reduction of TSI sounds as follows - the engine that has turbocharging and fuel injection layers.
A distinctive feature of the TSI design is the placement of the turbocharger on one side and the system responsible for mechanical compression, on the other. The use of energy from exhaust gases allows you to increase the power of an ordinary turbo engine. This is possible due to the fact that the exhaust gases start a turbine wheel and stiffly injected and compress air due to the drive system. Such a system shows greater efficiency than traditional.
What is improved in TSI engines
Recognition of experts and consumers, which is confirmed by numerous awards. This system for three years (from 2006 to 2008) became the owner of the "Engine" award at the ENGINE OF THE YEAR competition.
Using the concept of minimization, the essence of which is that the motor of a smaller volume with a small consumption of gasoline produces the highest power. The decline in the working volume made it possible to increase the efficiency by reducing the loss of friction. A small volume facilitates the engine and the car as a whole. Such technological solutions have become an integral part of TSI.
Video demonstrating the principle of operation of the TSI engine:
Association of Drive and Economy. The initial goal of the developers was the creation of economical engines high power and with a reduced CO 2 emission level.
Big sprinkler interval. TSI systems are configured so that when the crankshaft rotates with a frequency ranging from one and a half to 1750 revolutions per 1 minute, then the torque remains the highest that good affects how much gasoline is saved when the car is working, and the car's power. As a result, the driver gets the maximum power at a large range of revolutions. TSI engines are perfectly combined with transmissions having transmission numberswhich are much more, which positively affects.
Optimization of the mixture formation, which was able to achieve a specially designed structure of high pressure nozzles with 6 holes. The injection system is configured so that it provides greater efficacy in the combustion process of gasoline.
Intermediate cooling provides greater dynamics. One more distinctive feature The unit is the presence of an intercooler of liquids, which has a system in which circulates independently. Such cooling reduces the amount of air, which is injected, due to the pressure indicators grow faster. As a result, due to the small delays of the turbo effect and the level of optimal filling of the combustion chamber, an increase in speakers is achieved. TSI with a declared power of 90 kW without equipping auxiliary compressor has no turboyama. Already when the mark of 1500 rpm is reached, you can get the highest torque data in 200 N · m.
Pretending in TSI
Turbochard and fuel injection. The TSI system uses a special technology that allowed to obtain the largest level of torque and the largest power for the car, while the engine is quite small: fuel injection along with turbocharging or combined supervision using a turbocharger and compressor. In such a design, fuel combustion is with greater efficiency, due to which the power of TSI exceeds the indicators of traditional atmospheric engine engines.
The turbocharger in combination with the compressor gives a good effect. The use of another compressor made it possible to smooth the turboyam effect, which arises due to the creation of a turbocharger to be sufficiently high supercharged when the turning distance is higher.
Advance pressure indicators. Mechanical ROOTS compressor is started by crankshaft belt transmission. In this case, the level of force with which one occurs, begins on the smallest range, with which revolutions occur. Such an approach provides high traction characteristics and torque indicators in a large current interval.
Double supervised, which is used in motors of this type, effective system Injection Together with the greatest pressure indicators, how fuel injection occurs, and the use of six-string nozzles allow you to achieve a gasoline saving for TSI engines, which is spent. Today, cars created by Volkswagen, from the series Golf Plus., model Row Golf and Jetta, Touran models and new already have a turbocharged engine.
Revolutionary innovative technology
Today Volkswagen is the only manufacturer carrying out the serial installation of engines of this type equipped with a double reducing in a complex with a phased injection, in their own production cars. The placement of the compressor and the turbocharger makes the pressure of the pressure with which the prediment occurs, more. That is, the engine with a working volume of 1.4 liters is able to develop to 125 kW (or 170 liters.), Which is a record in the automotive industry among the engines on four cylinders.
Saving gasoline due to the reduced mass. New models of TSI engines due to a number of improvements have a weight of 14 kg less compared to the engines of the same type equipped with a double supercharow system. Innovations include: design optimization of the head of the block and the lightweight weight of its cover, weight loss by 304 grams of all camshafts.
Video O. dVS work With turbocharged:
It is quite logical that the complexity of the design and improvement of the engines influenced and on. However, a minor rise in price is fully compensated for increased power indicators and reducing the amount of fuel consumed.
For most people, the answer to the question is what TSI engine is, has a purely specular value. Nevertheless, the people buy a car in order to ride it, preferably with comfort, and not to thoughtfully look at the automotive insides and reflect on the principles of work. However, on the other hand, it is worth asking, at least in order to know what you pay money when buying, what trouble can be expected from it, and what bonuses are attached to it.
Moreover, this type of engine is one of the most successful technical solutions proposed by Volkswagen. And the Germans, we must recognize, bad in the automotive industry did not offer anyone (unsuccessful ideas and they certainly happened, but remained a purely family business that was not submitted for everyone to see).
What is a TSI engine, you can understand simply from the decryption of this abbreviation. Turbo Stratified Injection, if you interpret literally, denotes a direct layered gasoline injection, accompanied by turbocharging. By the way, the reduction is a registered brand. And if it occurs on cars of another brand, it only says that when creating the engine, the idea itself was used.
How it works?
Design genius when creating a TSI motor manifested itself in the fact that it is equipped with a double supervision. The engine has a turbocharger, and a mechanical supercharger. What exactly of them enters into depends on the revolutions on which the engine works. The process can be divided into 4 steps.Idle - up to 1000 revolutions per minute. Preparation is absent at all. The supercharger-mechanic is disabled, the flap adjusting and the controlling process is open. Due to the fact that gas testing is small (and its energy, respectively, also), the turbocharger does not enter into the case.
Turns exceed 1000, but the indicator in 2400 has not yet grown. The damper is closed, a mechanical supercharger is started to work, creating a surrender pressure of 0.17 MPa. Turbo in this is involved only to create a minor addition air compression.
In the interval between 2400 and 3500 rpm The turbocharger mainly works. Pressure grows up to 0.25 MPa. The mechanical supercharger is basically sleeping, joins the turbo only when high power is required. For example, with sharp acceleration.
After the engine accelerates above 3500 rpm, the mechanic is turned off completely, and the supercharger in the operation of the engine does not participate. The valve controller remains in the open position. At the same time, the pressure drops somewhat that, and amounts to the operation of 0.18 MPa at a speed of 5,500 revolutions.
We also note the reinforced cooling system in 2 circuits: one is responsible for the temperature in the cylinder block, the other supports it within the norm on the head. To prevent overheating of the latter, the additional water pump on the electric drive, chasing the water in a separate circuit for another 15 minutes after the engine is muff.
Thanks to all these triggers, there is a noticeable fuel economy, a decrease harmful emissions and a significant increase in the service life of the engine.
Germans took care and noise insulation: the motor is packaged into an additional body of a foam-achelter, and all gas streams, both incoming and outgoing, are skipped through the noiselessness.
What can I find face?
The advantages of the TSI-motor are somewhat overwhelmed by some disadvantages. First, it requires exclusively quality consumables, and first of all gasoline, which is known to be found. It is recommended not to neglect and put regularly. Services.
Secondly, winter problems: at idle engine is not able to warm up. The working temperature has to be achieved on the go, in motion. People who use the car predominantly on the "House - Work" route, you will have to get used to some coolness in the cabin with good cons ouches: the stove will just drive cold air from the engine. In this case, there will be no problems with the factory of the car, the movement can be started almost immediately after turning on the ignition.
However, no other troubles and difficulties perhaps the unit will not deliver. Can be said, power and reliability - that's what TSI engine is from volkswagen..
TSI engine ( Turbo Stratified Injection, literally turbocharging and layered injection) combines the latest achievements of design thought - direct fuel injection and turbocharging.
The Volkswagen Concern has developed and offers on its cars a line of TSI engines, differing in design, engine volume, power indicators. In the design of the TSI engines, the manufacturer implemented two approaches: double reducing and just turbocharging.
Abbreviation TSI is a patented trademark of the Volkswagen concern.
Double supervision is carried out depending on the need of the engine with two devices: a mechanical supercharger and turbocharger. The combined application of these devices allows you to realize the rated torque in a wide range of engine speed.
In the engine design, the mechanical supercharger type ROOTS is used. It is two rotors of a certain shape placed in the housing. Rotors rotate in opposite parties than the absorption of air on one side is achieved, compression and discharge - on the other. The mechanical supercharger has a belt drive from the crankshaft. The drive is activated using a magnetic coupling. To adjust the pressure charged parallel to the compressor, an adjusting valve is installed.
The standard turbocharger is installed on the TSI engine with double superimposor. Advance air cooling is carried out by an intercooler of air type.
Efficient dual supervision operation provides an engine control system that is beyond electronic block combines input sensors (pressure in the inlet pipe, pressure pressure, pressure in the intake manifold, the potentiometer of the control damper) and executive mechanisms (magnetic coupling, controller carrier servomotor, supervising pressure limit valve, turbocharger recycling valve).
Sensors track downward pressure in various places of the system: after a mechanical supercharger, after a turbocharger and after an intercooler. Each of the pressure sensors is combined with air temperature sensors.
Magnetic coupling Included by the signals of the engine control unit, in which voltage is supplied to the magnetic coil. The magnetic field attracts the friction disc and closes it with the pulley. Mechanical compressor starts to rotate. The compressor operation is performed until voltage is supplied to the magnetic coil.
Servomotor Turns the adjusting damper. With the valve closed, the entire suction air passes through the compressor. Adjusting the pressure of the mechanical compressor is performed by opening the flap. In this case, part of the compressed air is supplied again into the compressor, and the pressure of the superior is reduced. With a non-working compressor, the flap is fully open.
Advance pressure limit valve It works when the energy of exhaust gases creates an overpressure pressure. The valve provides the operation of the vacuum drive, which in turn opens the bypass valve. Part of the exhaust gases goes past the turbine.
Valve recycling turbochargers Provides the operation of the system on the forced idling (when the throttle is closed). It prevents the creation of overpressure in the interval between the turbocharger and the throttle valve closed.
Principle of operation of double superchard engine TSI
Depending on the rotational speed of the crankshaft (load), the following modes of operation of the double supercharge system are distinguished:
- hopeless mode (up to 1000 rpm);
- the operation of the mechanical supercharger (1000-2400 rpm);
- joint work of the supercharger and turbocharger (2400-3500 rpm);
- the operation of the turbocharger (over 3500 rpm).
At idle, the engine works in undead mode. The mechanical supercharger is turned off, the adjusting valve is open. The energy of the exhaust gases is small, the turbocharger does not create pressure presses.
With an increase in the number of revolutions, a mechanical supercharger turns on and an adjusting valve is closed. Pressure pressure, mainly creates a mechanical supercharger (0.17 MPa). The turbocharger provides a small addition of air compression.
At the speed of the engine crankshaft in the limit 2400-3500 rpm, the pressure of the superior creates a turbocharger. The mechanical supercharger is connected if necessary, for example, with a sharp acceleration (cutting opening throttle valve). Advance pressure can reach 0.25 MPa.
Next, the operation of the system is carried out only at the expense of the turbocharger. Mechanical supercharger is turned off. The adjusting valve is open. To prevent detonation with increasing speed, the pressure drops somewhat falls. At the speed of 5500 rpm, it is about 0.18 MPa.
TSI engine turbocharging
In these engines, the supervision is carried out exclusively by the turbocharger. The design of the turbocharger ensures the achievement of the nominal torque already at low engine speeds and maintain it in a wide limit (from 1500 to 4000 rpm). The outstanding characteristics of the turbocharger obtained due to the maximum reduction in the inertia of rotating parts: reduced the outer diameter of the turbine and compressor impeller.
Adjustment of the superior in the system is traditionally carried out using the bypass valve. The valve may have a pneumatic or electrical drive. Operation of a pneumatic drive provides solenoid valve Advance pressure limitations. The electrical drive is represented by an electric guide device consisting of an electric motor, a gear transmission, lever mechanism and a device position sensor.
In the turbocharged engine, unlike double supervision, a liquid boost air cooling system is used. It has an independent contour engine cooling system and forms a two-circuit cooling system with it. The cooler air cooling system includes: an upper air cooler, pump, radiator and pipeline system. The indoor air cooler is located in the intake manifold. The cooler consists of aluminum plates through which the cooling system pipes pass.
The charge air cooling is performed along the motor control unit in turning the pump. The flow of heated air passes through the plates, gives them heat, and those, in turn, give it fluids. The coolant moves along the contour using the pump, cooled in the radiator and then in a circle.
Many of you, dear readers (who are interested german machines) Sometimes when choosing, for example, Volkswagen or his subsidiary Skoda is encountered to such a question. What tSI engine? After all, these marks have ordinary aggregates and there is an incomprehensible abbreviation - TSI. I also wondered such a question and accumulated such information ...
Everyone heard about ordinary (Volkswagen and Skoda), as well as (Audi), but TSI engines for the Russian consumer remain a mystery. What is this motor? There are many statements, especially in a drunk company, there will always be a kind of connoisseur (which everything knows and heard everything). I myself was a sinful thing when I thought it was a diesel version. I thought so because with a smaller volume gives more power than for example a simple turbocharged unit. But no - this is not a diesel.
The most vibrant class representative is a 1.4 liter version, Volkswagen. How many awards and confessions of critics he got well just an ideal among turbines!
Definition
TSI engines - this is petrol aggregates With double turbocharging (which contain mechanical compressors), the system of direct "layered" fuel injection. The building is much more complicated by the usual turbocharged engine, however it is worth noting that reliability, power and efficiency, at a very high level. It is almost devoid of flaws.
If you disassemble the abbreviation, there are several definitions. One since 2000 (exactly then it was developed) - Twincharger Stratified Injection - Translation (double predining layer injection), but later in about 2008 another translation appears Turbo Stratified Injection - (turbocharging layer-by-layer injection), that is, the value of "double" is removed, it is during these years that the production of force aggregates with one supercharger begins
Motor line
You know many times witnessed the fact that many argued - but the motor is 1.4 liters how many horses have him? One says that 122, another 140, the third in general is 170 !!! How is this possible? And everything is simply this one unit of 1.4 liters has become a large polygon for testing, it was from it that all other variations from 1.0 to 3.0 have risen. And indeed, 1,4 now has a lot of variations, if I'm not mistaken about 5 - 6.
On his example (1.4) I will tell you how the Germans do it:
- One turbine. Variations 122 and 140 hp - Differences in the power of the turbocharger and software firmware
- Turbine and compressor. Variations 150 - 160 - 170 hp - here changes either power, or a turbocharged supercharger, and of course software (which is sewn in)
This situation is almost the entire line, the exceptions of the 1.0 TSI motor, it was initially developed only with the turbocharger - it is installed on small vehicles such as Volkswagen Up, or on hybrid options. For you prepared a small tablet look
Here are all power units in stock, i.e., the official softwareIf you can change the configuration or firmware, much more power can be squeezed.
Device
I will not go deep into the structure, but I will try to affect important elements and differences. For the beginning, look at the main blocks, here is a small scheme.
The unit is recycled significantly, especially worth noting - two superchargers, a new cooling system, fuel injection, lightweight engine block. Now in order.
1) Mechanical compressor and turbocharger, main differences
The device is such that they are located on different sides of the block. The ordinary compressor uses the energy of exhaust gases (located on one side). The exhaust gases themselves spin the turbine wheel themselves, then injected into the cylinders of the engine - compressed air (about a simple turbocharged version). The principle of operation of the old type of motor, more efficient than that just gasoline enginebut not so effective as TSI. A simple turbocharged unit is not very effective at idle and low revolutions, the effect of the so-called "" (when full power is manifested only from 3000 revolutions and higher), that is, always need to be gasped.
What you can not say about TSI. Everything difference is that it contains another mechanical compressor (on the other side), which works on low revs. Thus, the compressed air will always be discharged (through special devices). Thanks to this mechanical compressor, the power does not fall, even from the bottom a beautiful thrust, the effect of "turbo pit" is defeated!
Excellent Symbiosis: Mechanical supercharger on "Nizakh" An ordinary classic turbo "Upstairs", no power failures!
There are also improvements. The concept of "cooling with liquid" appears (ordinary turbo variants are cooled only by air). The cooling system has nozzles that pass. Due to which the main air is injected into the cylinders, the pressure indicator is higher. Result Uniform Filling the combustion chamber fuel mixture and increasing the speakers. Already at 1000 - 1500 rpm we obtain the declared 210 nm. Here is a small scheme of the cooling system, seen the location of the nozzles.
3) fuel injection
Very interesting system. First, fuel is served immediately into the engine cylinders (bypassing the fuel rail), secondly mixing with air occurs "layers" due to which combustion with high efficiency is achieved. Two of these factors make it possible to slightly increase power and reduce fuel consumption. Here is the scheme of the main elements of the fuel system.
4) lightweight block
It should be noted that the engineers beat over the weight loss of the unit block. And you know managed to remove about 14 kilograms - a significant indicator. We used a new design of the location of the block itself and the head, new camshafts and plastic cover.
TSI has proven itself as very productive motors - with a relatively small volume you can achieve very high indicators in " horsepower" So the usual turbocharged type from Volkswagen, with a volume of 1.2 liters, has a power of approximately 90 hp, TSI - can give up at the same time about 102 hp.
Second generation EA211 and EA888 Gen.3
Since 2013, the TSI motor line was updated, many nodes were reworked, which were not durable before. So the main "Achilles fifth" was the timing chain.
She walked not long, especially in variations 1.2 - 1.4, it was simply stretched and rushed while running at 50 - 70,000 km (from high load and a large torque). Now it was removed and put the timing belt, they walk not much longer, but it is easier to change it and easier to change, the difference in operation is about three times. In 1.8-2.0, the chain mechanism was significantly increased, the strength increased twice.
The engine warming system, the predecessor (EA111 and EA888 Gen.2) was warm up for a very long time. Now the problem is almost solved. Improvements and turbines have occurred. However, the "Mased" remained, oil consumption can reach up to 5 liters per 10,000 km, so it is important to monitor the level.
