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Valve adjustment - most people of course know what kind of process is and for which it needs to be performed regularly on some cars for example on the "classic", but there are such people who do not know anything about it and want to understand this issue, therefore especially for such People were prepared this article from which you learn a lot. And if you become something incomprehensible, then write a commentary with your question at the very bottom of the site and we will answer it in the near future.
Note!
And in addition at the end of the article, you are waiting for an interesting video video, thanks to which you will understand a lot for yourself in adjustment of the valve drive!
What do you need to adjust the valve?
Their adjustment is needed so that the machine is stable working both on high and low engine speeds. Because as a rule, due to improper adjustment of the valves, the gaps that should be between the camshaft cam and the valve itself are violated, which leads to a too strong opening of the valve when the engine is operational and as a result of which depressurization will occur in the cylinder which in turn can adversely affect the engine resource .
Note!
In the event that the gap between the valve seat and the side particles of the cylinder became very large (see the photo below, there this gap is marked), then in this case, the valve can occur, as well as if the piston moves very large then can happen Meeting valves with the piston themselves when the engine is running. Therefore, the adjustment of the valves should be produced periodically and with special care, since incorrectly displayed gaps when adjusting can adversely affect the motor resource!
How will the valve work with the incorrect gap?
In this case, as mentioned earlier, the valves are broken, in connection with this, the valves begin to either open a little more than it should be, or begin in a constantly open position because of which sealing in the cylinder disappears, for clarity, see the photo below on which the valve adjustment is impaired And in connection with which the valve is in constantly open mode.
How to get rid of valve adjustment?
Once not asked: "Why for example on a 16-valve prior, do not regulate the valve?" But the thing is that in the engine the priors instead of the "pusher" due to the cam distribution Vala. The valve pushes, stand "hydro-compensators" which, in turn, at the expense of high oil pressure, find the optimal gap between the cam and the "hydro-compensator" of the valve and in connection with this valve always work with optimal gaps.
Note!
By the way, "hydro-compensators" can be installed almost any car in connection with which you can forget about the valve adjustment, but there is one thing! "Hydro-compensators" can be installed only on cars in which the "gas-distribution mechanism - it is the GDM" consists of camshaft, crankshaft, as well as valves and piston groups - in essence it is the main part of the car!
On Gentre, as well as on Chevrolet Cobalt, a new B15D2 engine has been installed. Motor one and a half liter, sixteen valve, 107-strong, with chain-driven camshafts. The camshafts during the operation of the motor, their cams are pressed on valve pushers. Those, in turn, open the valve. There are neither adjusting bolts or adjusting washers in the design of the timing. The manufacturer considered that the adjustment would not be needed throughout the service life of the motor, that is, to overhaul. Practice shows that it is not.
Thus, small changes in the opening time of the valve in any direction - whether it is more or less long - will not have any detectable effect. Reasonably conscientious observation shows that valve weakening gaps relate to many different types of engines, but, in particular, to some models and types of engines, which by their nature suffer from problems with the sealing of valves, engines that have a lot in power transmissions.
And it is absolutely no shortcomings. Car engines are exact equipment; Many of the details should be carefully synchronized to work correctly. Intake and exhaust valves are important components for optimal engine operation. These valves contain mechanisms that need to be adjusted correctly to ensure temperature changes and compensate for the wear of the material. Running a vehicle with incorrect inlet and exhaust valves can have a detrimental effect on your car.
Signs of the need to adjust the valves
A sign of large valve gaps is a ringing metal knock at the top of the block head, the frequency of which is two times less than the rotational speed of the crankshaft. Due to clapped valves, cotton begins in the exhaust pipe. After 15-30 seconds after the cold start of the engine, the ignition skips begin in the cylinders, since the valve heated burning in the cylinders is lengthened and stopped sitting in their sidel. After heating the engine and elongation due to the heating of the block head, the clamping valves again begin to sit down in their sidel, and the ignition skips stop. With incorrect valve gaps:
All intake and exhaust valves in the engine must open and close with the correct intervals so that the engine worked smoothly. These valves have a small gap between the valve itself and the mechanism that activates the valve. This clearance is called "Plem". If the valve plunger is installed incorrectly, the engine can react, working at idle, especially when warming up.
Intake and exhaust valves that are not regulated to open and close under the appropriate time deteriorate the engine's ability to produce maximum power. Inlet valves are controlled when and how long fuel is fed to the combustion chamber, and must be synchronized at a piston rate to ensure the maximum amount of the mixture in the engine. The outlet valves perform a similar function, except that their goal is to give the burnt gases to leave the engine.
- reduced engine power;
- increases fuel consumption.
The consequences of incorrect thermal gaps of valves
With large gaps in the valves, the GDM works with shock loads. At the same time, the side loads on the valve sleeve guides, leading to their accelerated wear, increase. Too large gaps can even lead to the decomposition of the valves with the subsequent motor accident. With large thermal gaps, the filling of the cylinders of the working mixture deteriorates, which leads to a decrease in power and efficiency.
The clamping valves reduce compression in the cylinder, as well as poorly cooled (especially exhaust), since heat from their plates is given through the side, in which they do not sit down. Because of this, clamped valves go beyond.
If the valves are not properly adjusted, the engine will not burn with fuel at maximum efficiency. Power and mileage are then sharply reduced. The most serious result of improper adjustment of the valve foam is damage to the valves and the associated components. Installation of gaps freely causes parts of the valve mechanism to clog together, damaging valves and creating a knock or rattling sound. Installation of too dense gaps can lead to a complete closure of valves, which can lead to excessive thermal damage and a complete malfunction of the valve.
Adjustable
The thermal gaps of the valves at the factory are adjusted by the selection of pushers. Pushers have 64 size thickness.
That's how they look:
To get to them, you need to remove the valve cover and both camshafts. We begin with the removal of the air cleaner body. It interferes with access to the stars of the camshaft drive. To dismantle, it is enough to release the rubber pipe clamp, according to which the purified air falls into the intake receiver, remove the crankcase gases with a plastic tube connector from the ignition coil cap and disconnect the air temperature sensor connector on the inlet. The body of the air cleaner is simply inserted into rubber pillows with their protrusions. It is enough to pull up and forward to remove from the engine compartment.
Always keep the engine valves in accordance with the manufacturer's technical characteristics. His work appeared in His University newspaper Avion, and he made private technical manual work. He teaches a bachelor's degree in aerospace technology from the Aerbody University of Embry-Riddle and its mechanical certification for aviation technology and a power plant from the Federal Department of Civil Aviation.
Since we set the clearance in the valve, we must take into account the coefficient of the rocker. This requires a slight simple mathematics; Taking the standard distance from the chamber to the mark 1010, we must multiply it to the standard rocker ratio, which was indicated as 25-1, although in a real installation it is more like 22. As a concession a slightly reduced factor 22-1, standard clearance adjustment Valves are indicated as 012-inch.
Now unscrew the fastening bolts of the IKZ cover (ignition coil) and remove it. Disconnect connectors from each individual ignition coil. It should be borne in mind that the connections are blocked by special spacecases that need to be pre-extended from the connector. By rejuving one bolt M6 fastening coils, pull them out of the candlestones and lay down to the side.
In cases where need to use higher coefficients, the required valve can be estimated using this simple formula. To evaluate the desired clearance in valves, where higher coefficients are used, simply process it back and multiply to a higher coefficient. However, these are only the main starting points; But at least somewhere to start. With the installed valve gaps, as you usually expected for a standard engine at a 012-inch, the engine is idle very roughly.
Instantly, the engine is idle much smaster and pulls it better. A similar method can be applied to most cams that have different intake and exhaust profiles, that is, have a slightly larger gap on the exhaust valves or, on the contrary, a little more dense on the inlet valves. The roller tip acts as a panel roller and pulls the blade regardless of the size of the gap, even if it is not. The blade of the probe must be rubbed on the side of one side to another.
Introduced the valve cover queue. Aluminum alloy cover. Folding it to the head of the cylinder block fourteen M6 bolts. We release these bolts, ranging from extremely to the central, about the same as the GBC of any motor. After unscrewing them at all and remove the valve cover. If it is stuck it, then you can pose a cover behind the protrusions at its corners. Without the valve cover, access to camshafts, valves with their pushers and stars of their drive.
Regular and accurate adjustment of valve gaps can be very frustrating, mainly due to the tools used. It is extremely important to use a screwdriver that fits tightly to the adjusting screw socket. The bag is suitable, the harder it is to hold the adjusting screw in place when it clamps the lock nut. Taking into account that we are trying to establish permits for one thousand inches, it is worth spending money to specifically perform this work. The problem is that most screwdrivers have a conical blade, which causes not the best supplies.
Before adjusting the valves you need to decide, in which one of them does not match the tolerances. To do this, take a set of flat probe and measure the clearance between the pusher of each valve and the back of the camshaft camshaft over it. In the inlet valves (the top row in the photo above) the gap should be 0.12 mm, and in the graduation (lower row) of 0.32 mm. If the gap differs from these values \u200b\u200bmore than 0.02 mm in any direction, it is required to adjust it. If the motor is worth HBO, then the gaps of all valves should be increased by 0.05 mm from the norm.
This is the golden age of horsepower, and among large changes that bring this charge, better cylinder heads and more aggressive cam lobes. Large camsign valve lifting heights. Obviously, since cylinder heads improve the bandwidth, the valve lifting will continue to increase. As the lifting and combustion of the combustion chamber lifts the piston to the valve becomes more dense.
The way to find out that your valves do not clean the pistons, does not occur after the engine is blocked from the curved valve. Let's start with a quick launch of what is happening inside your engine. At the final stage of the outlet, when the piston approaches the top dead point, the outlet valve is closed, and the inlet hole only opens. This is usually called overlapping. Think about it because the piston is lit when the exhaust valve is closed, and inlet valve Opened in the piston.
To measure heat gaps, it is necessary to install each pair camshaft camshaft to the pusher. Therefore, it will have to turn over the attachment bolt of its pulley.
To open access to it, you need:
- rotate how much the front wheel wheels can be right;
- remove mudguards in the right wheel arch.
Rotate the crankshaft is most convenient for the bolt of fastening it with a pulley head to 22, dressed on a rattling through two extension cords. If there are no extension cords, you will have to jug a car and remove the right front wheel.
In the past, standard recommendation for safe mine clearance for most racing engines was 100 inches for the intake valve and 140 inches for exhaust gases. The gap of the exhaust valve is usually wider, because if with high revolutions, the exhaust valve bounces back from its seat when closing, it may be possible to break the piston, so an additional gap is needed. If the engine speed is small, and the engine designer is confident that the valve control can be controlled, then more dense gaps are possible up to 070 inches at the inlet and 100 at the exhaust.
The results of gap measurements are recorded, to prevent confusion when further work. After that, we remove the camshaft, the valves of which require adjustments. Before removing the camshafts, the crankshaft is set to the position when the piston of the first cylinder is in the upper dead point. It is easiest to do this to a micrometric nutromer with a time-type indicator by screwing it instead of the candle of the first cylinder.
But as the number of engine revolutions increases, wider clearances can keep you from problems. It makes the exhaust side of 100-inch or 080 if you are brave. These are general recommendations and, of course, will differ depending on more specific constructions, but these numbers are a great place to start.
Each fist manufacturer will recommend a specific position for the cam based on the central inlet line. This position has a tendency to be the most accurate way to find the camera. For example, a cam card will list the central inlet line by 108 degrees after the top of the dead point.
The camshafts at the same time should be in the position when the valve of the first cylinder is completely closed, that is, in the compression tact. In this position, any marker applies labels on the stars of camshaft drive and the timing chain link opposite. If the adjustments require both intake and exhaust valve, then the camshaft must be removed only by one, which is due to the design of the chain tensioner.
We will not go into the process of graduation of the camshaft, since this subject is well covered. Dispiration cam will do on the contrary. Honestly, the only special tool that is necessary is the model clay that you can borrow from the box for your child's toys. Lightly lubricate the surface of the valve with oil so that the clay does not stick to the valves. Now collect heads with a pre-compressed head gasket.
The most accurate test is to completely twist the entire head, but we usually only rotate the head bolts around the cylinder under consideration. Most riders will use a mechanical or roller lift, however, if you use a hydraulic lift, they will be squeezed under load, so the best procedure is to replace the set of mechanical lifts. As soon as the eyelash is installed both for intake and exhaust valves, you can now carefully drill the crankshaft at least four turns so that the valves can work during all lifting cycles.
Before removal, it is necessary to reliably jim the shoe tensioner of the timing chain.
In its design there is a sector with a retainer, connected with a rod. The latch allows the stock to move only towards the tension. If the tensioner rod will push at least one sector tooth, removed from the camshaft of the star of its drive, it will not be possible to set back without charging the tensioner to its original position, which is under the timing cover. That is, it will need to get to the tensioner to get to the tensioner, it will be necessary to drain and remove the drive belts of the hinged mechanisms, the right support of the engine, the water pump and the pallet with its amplifier.
You will notice that the valves will be indulge in clay, showing the amount of the gap. There are several ways to measure it. You can use the caliper to measure the depth, or you can cut off the clay in half the razor blade, and then use the caliper to measure this depth. If you look carefully, clay can also specify the radial gap between the valve pockets and the valve, although it can often be difficult to measure accurately, although this is an important step.
There are several restrictions for this procedure, and the most important factor is that it is not very accurate, especially when the gaps are very close to a minimum. This brings us to a more accurate method using the number dial indicator, and this can be done without removing the heads of the cylinders.
Reliable jamming of the tensioner's shoe, closed with a cloth with a cloth in the GBC under the GRM drive, to prevent foreign objects from entering the motor. The bolt of fastening the stars of camshaft let go on the cape on 19, holding the camshaft itself for the hexagon, located along its middle, by the front key to 27. We unscrew and remove the front overall cover of the camshafts.
First, remove all the spark plugs and install the light control springs on the intake and outcomes No.. As soon as it is installed, set the dial indicator on the exhaust valve to measure the valve rise from the spring retainer. The exhaust valve will be on the closing side of the lifting curve. Reset the dial indicator, and then press the end of the rocking valve and write down the amount of movement before the exhaust valve contacts the piston.
Reset the pointer on the dial, and then press the intake valve using a rocking chair until it gets into the piston. Write down this value as an intake clearance. Also well double-check the gaps at about five degrees on both sides of the mark of 10 degrees to check the most narrow place.
- On the graduation camshaft, let go on the floor of the fastening bolts of the covers 2, 4 and 5, and the cover number 3 is released last.
- On the inlet shaft let go of the cover 2, 3 and 5, and №4 let go of the latter.
You must not forget that the camshaft covers can not be confused with each other and deploy them when installed back.
This test will also require some kind of lever tool for compressing the spring when it is in the position. Checking the radial valve clearance in the piston valve piston requires a little more work, but it is worth it. Often, due to the gap between the piston and the wall, the piston will roll back and forth in the hole. If the clearance in the valve pocket is too close to the valve, you may have a potential problem.
An important measurement is the axial line of the valve relative to the relief of the valve in the piston. Dividing the valve diameter in half to set the radius, it gives us a radius to duplicate this distance to the pair of delimiters, and then send the radius from the axial line of the piston. If there is less than from 050 to 060 inches between the drawn line and the vertical wall of the valve pocket than from 050 to 060 inches, mechanical processing will be required to increase the gap. If the gap is more than 050 - the gap is good, and you are ready for the assembly.
After the camshaft is removed, access to pushers and valves are available:
I pull out one pusher to be replaced to adjust the thermal gap of the valves and determine their thickness. The size of the pusher is applied inside on its bottom. Using it and measured before this gap, we will calculate the desired pusher size, which is installed instead of the old one.
After replacing the necessary pushers, we set the camshaft and its covers. Everyone strictly on its place and in the position in which she stood.
- You need to tighten the lid gradually, not allowing their distortion, in order, reverse removal.
- If the second camshaft has to be removed, then the front overall cover is not necessary.
Finally tighten the lids with a torque of 15 N · m. Fist camshafts in front of their installation, must be in the position as on the third photo. After tightening the camshaft we put on it the stars of the drive. At the same time, it is permissible to turn the camshaft for the hexagon, so that its installation pin hit the stars in the groove. Do not forget that the rotation of camshaft at an angle, more than several degrees, can lead to valve bending. After installing the stars on the landing site of the RV, control the coincidence of the label on the stars tagged on the chain and tighten the bolt of its mounting force 65-75 N · m.
When both camshafts are installed on their marks, we remove the rag, the tensioner shoe stopper and check the valve gaps again. If the gaps are adjusted normally, we collect the motor in the reverse order. The valve cover bolts tighten from the center to the edges in a checker order, with an effort of 11 N · m, replacing it with its new gasket.
If there are no pushers of the desired dimensions, you have to remove and put the camshaft again after the ordered pushers of the desired dimensions come.
Engine valve adjustment - A simple operation, but disregard for it can lead to unpleasant consequences.
What is valve adjustment
To begin with, we will understand, what is valve adjustment. When the internal combustion engine is operation, all parts are heated and expanded. This also applies to the gas distribution mechanism in which a certain thermal gap should always remain between the camshaft and valves, which compensates for the engine output to the operating temperature. To install this gap need adjustment of valves.
Valve adjustment frequency
In engines, clearance valve In which is regulated by installing adjusting washers (front-wheel drive vases), the recommended interval is 30 thousand km. In the lever drive engines in the gas distribution mechanism, the valve check and adjustment is required more often - every 15-20 thousand km. These intervals need to be reduced during the operation of a car in difficult conditions, with shock loads, etc.
Clearance valve
Thermal clearance valve It is regulated by the manufacturer, for example, for the front-wheelwater vases, the nominal clearance for the intake valve is (0.2 ± 0.05) mm, for the exhaust - (0.35 ± 0.05) mm.
Order of valve adjustment
Adjustment of valves It is performed when cooled engine. To do this, leave a car with an open hood for a long time or accelerate the cooling forcibly, for example, with a fan.
On the "classic" vases, the adjustment is performed using the rotation of the monetary. On the front-wheel drive vases, the adjustment is made by selecting the adjusting washers of the required thickness. For a hundred prices for this service are different, on average 500-1000 rubles. Do not forget to take a new gasket with you. valve cover and valve lid sleeves seals.
Consequences of irregular valve adjustment
Too much valve clearance is also harmful, as is too small. With an increase in the gap, the characteristic knock appears in the engine, especially when working onto cold. At the same time, wear valves increases. When a reduction of the gap drops the power of the engine, the valve may not be closed completely and turn it out, which will lead to the need to replace it.
Sooner or later, car owners are faced with outsiders on idling. Many pages are written about how to diagnose noise data. One of the reasons for these sounds can be disturbed gaps of the engine valves. Let's see how to adjust the valves, how to change them and repair.
What are valves, their role in the work of the engine
Experienced motorists can skip this part, and this information will be useful for beginners. In order for the motor to work, two valves for each cylinder are needed. Now they apply to the carbed, with rods. In order for cylinders better filled fuel mixture, The diameter of the plate at the intake valve is greater than that of the graduation. Cast iron is used as materials for the valve seat or steel. The saddle is pressed into the GBC.
When the engine works, these parts are susceptible to serious loads. That is why they are made of heat-resistant and mechanical loads of alloys.
Principle of operation of valve
Before talking about how the valve clearances are regulated, we will understand in principle their work. Any car enthusiast knows that the main task of these nodes is an inlet and release. So in engines carried out gas exchange.
Initially, a mixture of fuel and air flows through the intake valves, then the combustion products come out through the exhaust valve. The opening and closing of the valves occurs under the influence of the camshaft camshafts. To the valve can return to its rightful place, the spring helps him. Also, this spring plays another very important role. When the valve is closed, it contributes to the most dense and hermetic fit of the plate to the opening into the CCC or Sader. This ensures the tightness of the system.
The need for gaps
Valves consist of a rod and so-called plate. When the motor heats up, the part rod becomes longer. That is why, in order to compensate for such an elongation, manufacturers have provided valve clearances between the rod and camshaft camshaft. And if more precisely, there are valve and cam rockers.
This gap is only on a cold engine. And when the engine is quite warming up, then they decrease or completely disappear, since the valve rod lengthenment is leaving due to heating. Therefore, these gaps and got such a name are thermal.
Where does noise?
When the gap grows, the cam hits the rocker, and the driver will hear characteristic noises. These valve gaps must fully comply with the recommendations of the car manufacturer. And the noise is only a small part of the numerous side effects of incorrect gaps. If the valves wear out, then the rocker is wearing directly, and then the camshaft camshafts. So, the cam will beat the rocker, and not smoothly press it. Any car owner should know how to adjust the valve.
When the clearance is too big
When returning the valve into the usual position of the camshaft camshaft (if the gaps are increased), it is too early from rocker. At this point, the valve is not closed yet. Here the spring is no longer held by anything. Therefore, she with a serious effort throws a plate in the saddle on the GBC.
Here you need checking and adjusting valve gaps. These strikes occur constantly, as a result of which fatigue, microcracks, voltage are formed on the valve plate and on the saddle. If you go further on such a car, then a dish of a plate may occur. And this can already entail serious problems.
If the clearance is less than the required
In this case, another problem may happen. This overheating is either the extension of the valves. Basically, the problem concerns the graduation group. Our valve opens ahead of time, and closes a little later. Therefore, the period is reduced when the plate is in contact with the saddle and can cool. If there are no thermal gaps, the valve may not close completely. As a result - overheating, burning, cracks, molten edges of the plate.
Valve Protection Hydrocompon
On most modern motors These devices are. They protect the valves from any problems. Here the thermal gaps of the valves are compensated by changing the length of the compensator to the value that is equal to the gap.
But not all engines costs this device. Therefore, those who have no hydrocompensator, you need to regulate the gaps manually.
Why do you need to adjust the gaps?
All because in the process of engine operation, the thermal gap gradually increases. Also adjust these mechanisms is necessary after repair.
Now we know what the correct gaps are affected, and why and when it is necessary to carry out work. Therefore, you can start learning to customize the gaps.
It must be said that the adjustment of valve gaps will not give any increment of power. However, thanks to the correct gaps, the engine will operate in normal mode, and you will not need to change the valve mechanism or the entire piston group. After adjustments, the motor will simply work better. If everything is completely bad, it is possible to add a lost previous power.
Adjust valves on VAZ cars
So, if the valves suddenly littered, it means to configure them. To do this, you should not go to a hundred, all work can be done by yourself, with your own hands. To do this, you just need to know the procedure and valve clearance. VAZ has definitely different data adjustment of the mechanisms. For the inlet valve, the clearance should be 0.2 mm, and for the graduation - 0.35 mm.
If you manage to spend these works yourself, then you can save 1000 rubles.
To adjust the most efficient gas distribution on the VAZ, we will need to remove the valve lid. Then prepare the probes of the necessary thicknesses, the horn keys on 13 and 17, also need a fair portion of patience.
In order for the adjustment of the valve gaps perfect, you need to know what a sequence of phases of gas distribution, as well as a sequence of adjustment of the account.
First, check the crankshaft until the labels on the star and the housing coincide. We are the first to regulate the 6th and 8th valves. Further check the crankshaft clockwise 180 degrees. Now you need to regulate the 4th and 7th. Another turn, and the 1st and 3rd valves, and then the 5th and 2nd.
Clearance adjustment procedure
Everything is simple here. In the gap, which was formed between the lever and the cam, insert the dipstick. What kind of gaps on the valves of your engine can be found in the technical document. If the dipstick passed with a slight force, then no action is required.
If the dipstick did not pass or passes, but it is too loose, then it is necessary to release the tunnel bolt's wrench. It will verify the desired angle.
And how on foreign cars?
Here is still the same. At first, we remove the cover, then get access to the gas distribution system. Gaskets, as well as seals need to be replaced after the work done, otherwise you can face oil leaks.
To successfully perform work, you will need some tools. This is a set of probe providing the 2nd grade of accuracy. With their help will be checked. Next, we need a bent horn key or a ratchet with a head for 10. In the case of foreign cars, an ordinary horn key will not help.
How to adjust the valve?
It is worth saying that each valve is adjusted separately. In the case of 4-cylinder engines we have 16 valves. The valve groups of each individual cylinder are also configured separately.
Start always follows from the first cylinder. You need to adjust it, and then go to 3, 4 and 2nd. The order is exactly the case, because it is just convenient. It is only enough to set each piston to the upper dead point.
Before adjusting the cylinders are installed in the NMT position. In this position, the valves are free and closed. This procedure must be carried out for each of the cylinders. For this pullees of the camshafts have labels. They allow you to set each of the pistons. For these tags and gaps are exhibited.
So, the 1st cylinder. If you know the size of the gaps in concrete Engine, then you need to fold the probes under the desired size. Next, insert the probe between the camshaft camshal and the rocker of that valve you want to adjust. In our case, this is the first valve.
Next, loosen the lock nut, and then tighten the screw to the adjustment and move the probe that should be in the gap. It is necessary to twist it until it becomes resist. As soon as you felt that it slides in the gap with some resistance, tighten the lock nut. Check again, and then tighten completely.
For the rest of the cylinders, the action is exactly the same, just need to install each piston in the NMT position. This can be done by tags on the pulley.
Replacing valve
Sometimes it comes time to change worn nodes and parts. To replace the valves, you must use the special tool - the puller. The principle of replacement is completely the same for all VAZ models.
First of all, you need to remove the shaft of the timing distribution. Then - pushers and rocker. Next, you should consolidate the tool using the tree studs, and put some spacer under the valve plate. Now remove the crackers. It should be done everything neatly. The valve mechanism has very powerful and serious springs. If such a spring play, then these crackers will flee unknown where.
After removing the superstars, it is time to remove the plate and springs. Under the latter, you will also delete the plates. And they should be removed. First you need to remove the gland. Now you can pull out the valves. That's the whole operation. Replacing valves, too, as you can see, an easy task.
How often regulate valves?
In the books they write that it is necessary to regulate the valve mechanisms only after capital repairs or when the GBC disassembled. It is not right. These details over time wear out quite naturally. The speed of this wear is also affected by the temperature and manner of riding a car. It is recommended to check the gaps of approximately 20-30 thousand km.
If you hold such an operation for the first time, then ask to observe your actions more experienced comrade in this plan. With timely adjustment, the repair of valves or their replacement you are not threatened.
Uninterruptible engine operation internal combustion It assumes the periodic adjustment of its valves. They are in the head of the cylinder block and belong to the gas distribution mechanism. We will tell how to adjust the valves on their own.
Preparation for adjusting the engine valves
Operation on adjusting valve gaps enters maintenance Your car. On the domestic cars It is held every 15 thousand km, for foreign cars every 30 thousand or 45 thousand km. The fact is that when the lumen changes, the phases of gas distribution are shifted. The engine in this case begins to work with interruptions due to lack or excess fuel. In the most launched cases, compression will disappear (the motor will simply not start) or the valves will meet with pistons (required overhaul devices). The latter is fair both for gasoline and diesel engines.
How to determine whether the adjustment required
Professionals identify the following symptoms of incorrectly adjusted gaps:
- Troit engine, compression in the cylinders is noticeably varied or completely absent. With too little lumets, the valves are not completely closed, so the tightness of the combustion chamber is disturbed.
- There is an outsider knock at the top of the engine. This can be caused both too large (knock pushers on valves), and too small (valves rest in pistons) gaps.
If any of the listed symptoms is present, it is necessary to check the gaps in the valve mechanism.
Gaps adjustment is always carried out on a cold engine. In this case, the head of the camshaft cylinder block is installed and tightly tightened. The dependence of the magnitude of the lumen of temperature is given in the table.
Table: The dependence of the magnitude of the gaps from temperature
| Standard 0.15 | ||
| Temperature degrees | mM. | indicator |
| -10 | 0.128 | 44.1 |
| -5 | 0.131 | 45.4 |
| 0 | 0.135 | 46.8 |
| 10 | 0.143 | 49.4 |
| 20 | 0.15 | 52 |
It follows from the table that the optimal temperature for adjustment is 20 degrees.
Unable to adjust the gaps:
- after the engine is bulkhead;
- after removing and installing the head of the cylinder block.
When replacing equipment for gas-filled valves optional.
Valve adjustment on domestic cars
The most simply adjustment is carried out on domestic cars of the VAZ family.
Video: How to regulate valve gaps on VAZ 2106
Adjusting the lumen is made using a flat probe. First, you should set the piston of the first cylinder into the upper dead point (NTC). Then adjust the gaps according to the table.
Table: valve clearance adjustment sequence
The process of adjustment varies depending on the VAZ model. Thus, on the VAZ 2106, the gaps in the valve mechanism are adjusted using a screw knitting screw.
On VAZ 2108-09, adjusting washers are used for this, and the size of the lumen is determined using flat probe.
Earlier to control the valve clearance, a rack was used with an indicatorPreviously, in the time of the USSR, a special rack with an indicator was used for the exact tincture of valve gaps.
Adjusting the gaps of the VAZ 2106 engine is performed immediately, without intermediate measurements. On the VAZ 2108-09, the set of adjusting washers should be used. After measuring the lumen, the old washer is pulled out, and in its place, taking into account the measurements, is selected new.
To replace the washers, you need a special filler.
When adjusting the gaps, the valve cover is first removed, and then the filler is installed.
When adjusting the valve gaps, the engine type (gasoline, diesel or gas) is absolutely not important. Only the design of the "Valve - Pusher - Camshaft" node is only. By changing the gaps, you can move the gas distribution phases for several degrees (the moments of opening and closing, expressed in degrees of the rotation of the crankshaft).
The phase shift occurs when the camshaft was shifted relative to the crankshaft by rearrangement of the chain or timing belt. Usually this adjustment is needed only when crossing engines or chip-tuning, so we will not consider it here.
IN modern engines Frequently used hydrocompensators. With their help, the valves are adjusted under the action of the spring and the oil supply from the engine lubrication system. In other words, the hydraulic components automatically adjust the gaps on the engine running.
How to adjust the valve gaps on foreign cars
First of all, using the repair and maintenance instructions for the engine type. The fact is that some foreign cars can be up to ten types of motors on one car model. There also specified the instrument required for adjusting and installing timing marks. However, in most cases enough sets of wrench and flat probe. Consider the features of adjusting the gaps on Mitsubishu ASX 1.6 with gasoline and diesel engine.
Gas engine
To do this, follow these steps:
- Remove the plastic engine casing (keeps on rubber rings).
- We dismantle the ignition coil and the valve cover.
- I put both camshaft on the labels (the nominal gaps of intake and exhaust valves are indicated here).
- We measure with the help of probe clearances "The second and fourth cylinder - intake valves", "first and third cylinder - exhaust valves". Record the measurement results.
- We turn crankshaft 360 degrees. Then we combine the labels on the camshafts and measure the gaps of other valves.
- We remove both camshafts, pull out the adjustment cups and according to the above formula, calculate the size of new cups.
- We establish new cups and set the camshafts into the cylinder head.
- In the specified seats we apply sealant and tighten the valve cover.
Diesel engine
Sometimes Mitsubishu ASX 1.6 can be equipped with a diesel engine. In this case, the valve adjustment is carried out using bolts in pushers.
The main signs of incorrectly conducted works
If valve gaps are installed correctly, the engine will work quietly and smoothly. With increased intervals, it will make extraneous knocks and noises, with reduced - it will work unevenly. Further operation of such a car is not possible, it is necessary to repair independently or contact the service center. Otherwise, you can lose the car.
The trouble-free operation of your car is largely determined by regular operations on setting the valve mechanism gaps. The frequency of these operations is established by the manufacturer, and the technology of adjustment is quite simple and does not require special knowledge and skills. Good luck on the roads!
On the engines of many modern cars Adjusting valve gaps are not needed due to hydrocomathers. If there are no such, the manufacturer necessarily indicates the exact dimensions of the gaps of the engine valves in the repair manual, the non-compliance with which leads:
- to reduce engine power;
- unstable his work on idling;
- increased fuel consumption;
- premature wear and failure of the GDM and some other details (consider later).
Valve gap measurement
When the engine is running, the Detail of the gas distribution mechanism is very heated. Because of this, a linear increase in their size occurs. Therefore, when assembling it is important to observe the thermal clearance of valves, which compensate for such an increase. This will prevent elevated friction Between items. But increased valve gaps do not allow the drive mechanism (which includes camshaft, rocker, pushers, etc.) open them to the desired value. Consider what it leads to.
Insufficient open intake valve will prevent the fuel of the combustion chamber with the fuel mixture, which will adversely affect the motor power.
The graduation in such a situation will prevent the removal of combustion products, which is why the Nagar appears on the details, which will be deposited on:
- the bottom of the piston and the surface of the combustion chamber, worsening the heat sink and thereby contribute to overheating of the parts;
- candle ignition gasoline engine or a candle of incandescent diesel, which due to this will fail prematurely;
- the working surface (chamfer) of the valve and its saddle, which will prevent their tight fit to each other and will cause a decrease in compression in the cylinder.
In addition, large valve gaps increase the impact load of interacting parts and can provoke:
- the top of the top ends of the valves;
- deformation came to
- breakdown springs;
- damage to the pushers;
- breakdown rumor.
On the engine running, excessive gaps give themselves a ringing characteristic.
The reduced gaps of the engine valves can prevent the tight fit of the latter to the siders, due to the fact that the valve "lengthened" from heating will be pressed from the saddle with the pusher. In this case, a significantly overheated edge of the graduation can burn. In addition, compression is naturally reduced.
Clearance between valve and guide sleeve
Excessive increase in the diameter of the opening of the guide sleeve due to wear leads to the fact that the pair of the sleeve is starting to work like vacuum pump, "Pumping out" oil from under the valve cover into the combustion chamber. About what the formation of Nagara leads, we have already spoken. Another unpleasant consequence of the wear of the sleeve will be oil consumption.
Measurement and adjustment
Adjusting valve gaps
A detailed description of these procedures will take volume with a brochure, as they would pass into technical terminology and the details of the timing of the timing of various structures would have had to go into technical terminology.
Basic and necessary rules concerning all OVS without exception:
- the measurement and adjustment of valve gaps should be performed only on a cold engine;
- these actions should be carried out only when the valve is closed, for which it is necessary to know the order of operation of the cylinders and the location of the installation labels on the stars (gears) of the camshaft (or camshafts) and crankshaft;
- tags on the stars and gears need to be accurately combined with labels on the engine housing, turning the crankshaft along the rotation. For two turns of the crankshaft camshaft makes one turn.
The simplest measuring instrument is the probe to adjust the valves. For classic "Zhiguli", for example, it is sold separately (0.15 mm), but on some motors not all valves have the same amount of gaps (for example, on ZMZ-402) and a set of probes is necessary. Using the micrometer, you will achieve greater accuracy, but it is necessary to use it together with the gap measurement device.
Special tools are used to adjust the valves
For the same "Zhiguli" it is a rail that is installed on the stiletto fastening "bed" camshaft. It indicates the angles of rotation corresponding to the closed position of one or another valve.
In addition to measuring instruments, sometimes needed devices for adjusting valve gaps.
For example, on the engines of the VAZ 2108 family, this is a set of two tools. One valve pusher ("glass") is pressed from the camshaft fist, another position of the pusher is fixed, which allows you to replace the adjusting washer.
In any case, if you decide to adjust yourself, auto parts stores will not leave you with bare hands.
Read more about the adjustment of valve gaps (on the example of cars VAZ), see the video on our website!
