TSD. MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC Drive Drives System. With a cylindrical linear asynchronous engine Specialty 05.09 03 Linear cylindrical electric motors

[Email Protected]

Yuri Skirts

In the usual engines for us internal combustion The initial links, make a reciprocating movement. Then this movement, with the help of a crank-connecting mechanism, is converted into a rotational. In some devices, one type of movement is performed first and last.

For example, in the generator engine, there is no need to first return the reciprocating movement to the rotational, and then, in the generator, from this rotational movement, extract the straight component, that is, to make two opposite conversion.

The current development of electronic converter equipment allows you to adapt the output voltage of the linear generator for the consumer, it makes it possible to create a device in which a part of a closed electric circuit makes no rotational movement in a magnetic field, but reciprocating together with an internal combustion engine rod. Schemes explaining the principle of operation of the traditional and linear generator are shown in Fig. one.

Fig. 1. Scheme of a linear and conventional electric generator.

In a conventional generator, a wire frame is used to obtain a voltage, rotating in a magnetic field and driven by an external propulsion. In the proposed generator, the wire frame is moving linear in the magnetic field. This small and non-accepted distinction makes it possible to significantly simplify and reduce the proportion, if the internal combustion engine is used in its capacity.

Also, in the piston compressor, driven piston Engine, the inlet and outlet of the link makes the reciprocating movement, fig. 2.

Fig. 2. Scheme of a linear and conventional compressor.

Whole engine

1. Small dimensions and weight due to the lack of a crank-connecting mechanism.
   
2. High workout on failure, due to the lack of a crank-connecting mechanism and due to the presence of only longitudinal loads.
   
3. Low price due to the lack of a crank-connecting mechanism.
   
4. Technologicalness - For the manufacture of parts, only unearmable operations, turning and milling are needed.
   

The possibility of transition to another type of fuel without stopping the engine.


Ignition management with pressure when compressing the working mixture.


There should be two conditions for an ordinary engine for supplying electrical voltage (current) on the ignition candle:


The first condition is determined by the kinematics of the crank-connecting mechanism - the piston must be in the upper dead point (excluding the ignition advance);


The second condition is determined by the thermodynamic cycle - the pressure in the combustion chamber, before the working cycle, must correspond to the fuel used.


At the same time, completing two conditions is very difficult. When compressing air or working mixture, a compressible gas was leaked in the combustion chamber through the piston rings and others. The slower compression (the engine shaft rotates slower), the leakage is higher. In this case, the pressure in the combustion chamber, before the working cycle, becomes less optimal and the working cycle occurs under non-optimal conditions. The efficiency of the engine drops. That is, it is possible to provide a high efficiency of the engine efficiency in a narrow range of speeds of rotation of the output shaft.


Therefore, for example, the efficiency of the engine at the stand is approximately 40%, and in real conditions, by car, with different modes of movement, this value drops to 10 ... 12%.


In the linear engine there is no crank-connecting mechanism, so it is not necessary to perform the first condition, it does not matter where the piston is in front of the working cycle, it is only a gas pressure in the combustion chamber before the working cycle. Therefore, if the supplelectric voltage (current) on the ignition candle is not to control the position of the piston, but the pressure in the combustion chamber, the working cycle (ignition) will always begin at optimum pressure, regardless of the engine operation frequency, fig. 3.





Fig. 3. Ignition control with the pressure in the cylinder, in the "Compression" cycle.


Thus, in any mode of operation of the linear motor, we will have a maximum area of \u200b\u200bthe loop of the thermodynamic cycle of carno, respectively, and a high efficiency at different modes of engine operation.


The ignition control using pressure in the combustion chamber also makes it possible to "painlessly" switch to other types of fuel. For example, when switching from a high-octane type of fuel to a low-fledged view, in a linear engine, it is only necessary to give the ignition system command so that the supply of electrical voltage (current) on the ignition candle has occurred at a lower pressure. In the usual engine, it would be necessary to change the geometric dimensions of the piston or cylinder.


Implement the control of the pressure ignition in the cylinder can be using


piezoelectric or capacitive pressure measurement method.


The pressure sensor is made in the form of a washer, which is placed under the nut of the stud fastening the cylinder head, fig. 3. The gas pressure force in the compression chamber, acts on the pressure sensor, which is under the nut mounting the cylinder head. And information on pressure in the chamber of chamber is transmitted to the magnificent moment control unit. At pressure in the chamber corresponding to the pressure of the ignition of this fuel, the ignition system supplies an electrical voltage (current) to the spark plug. With a sharp increase in pressure, which corresponds to the start of the working cycle, the ignition system removes the electrical voltage (current) from the spark plug. In the absence of an increase in pressure at a specified time, which corresponds to the absence of the start of the operating cycle, the ignition system fits the control signal of the engine start. Also, the output signal of the pressure sensor in the cylinder is used to determine the frequency of the engine and its diagnostics (determination of compression, etc.).


The force of squeezing is directly proportional to the pressure in the combustion chamber. After the pressure, in each of the opposite cylinders, will become no less than the specified (depends on the type of fuel used), the control system submits the command to ignition combustible mixture. If necessary, switch to another type of fuel, the value of a given (reference) pressure changes.


Also, adjusting the moment of ignition of the combustible mixture can be carried out automatically, as in the usual engine. The microphone is located on the cylinder - the detonation sensor. The microphone converts mechanical sound oscillations of the cylinder body into an electrical signal. Digital filter, from this set of the amount of the sinusoid of electrical voltage, extracts harmonic (sinusoid) corresponding to the detonation mode. When the signal appears at the output of the signal, the corresponding appearance of detonation in the engine is appeared, the control system reduces the value of the reference signal, which corresponds to the ignition pressure of the combustible mixture. In the absence of a signal to the corresponding detonation, the control system, after a while, increases the magnitude of the reference signal, which corresponds to the ignition pressure of the combustible mixture, until the frequencies of preceding detonation appears. Again, when the frequencies preceding the detonation appears, the system reduces the reference signal, which corresponds to a decrease in the ignition pressure, to the denselytonation ignition. Thus, the ignition system is adjusted under the type of fuel used.


The principle of operation of the linear engine.


The principle of operation of a linear, as well as an ordinary internal combustion engine is based on the effect of thermal expansion of gases arising from the combustion of the fuel mixture and ensures the movement of the piston in the cylinder. The connecting rod transmits the rectilinear return-translational movement of the piston with a linear electric generator, or a piston compressor.


Linear generator, rice. 4, consists of two piston steam working in antiphase, which makes it possible to balance the engine. Each pair of pistons is connected by connecting rod. The connecting rod is suspended on linear bearings and can freely fluctuate, along with pistons, in the generator body. Pistons are placed in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. The purge of cylinders is carried out through the purge windows, under the action of a small overpressure created in the preset chamber. On the connecting rod is the movable part of the generator magnetic pipeline. The excitation winding creates a magnetic stream required to generate an electric current. With reciprocal movement of the connecting rod, and with it, both parts of the magnetic pipeline, the magnetic induction line generated by the excitation winding, intersect the fixed force winding of the generator, induction of electrical voltage and current (with a closed electrical circuit).





Fig. 4. Linear benzogenerator.


Linear compressor, rice. 5 consists of two piston steam working in antiphase, which makes it possible to balance the engine. Each pair of pistons is connected by connecting rod. The rod is suspended on linear bearings and can freely fluctuate along with pistons in the case. Pistons are placed in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. The purge of cylinders is carried out through the purge windows, under the action of a small overpressure created in the preset chamber. With reciprocal movement of the connecting rod, and with it and the pistons of the compressor, the air under pressure is supplied to the compressor receiver.




Fig. 5. Linear compressor.


The duty cycle in the engine is carried out in two clocks.


5. Compression tact. The piston moves from the lower dead point of the piston to the upper dead point of the piston, overlapping the purge windows first. After closing the piston of purge windows, the fuel injection will occur in the cylinder, the compression of a combustible mixture begins. The preachment is created under the piston under the piston, under the action of which air flows into the pre-chamber through the opening valve.
   

   2. Tact of the working stroke. With the position of the piston near the top of the dead point, the compressed working mixture flammifies electrical spark from the candle, as a result of which the temperature and pressure of gases increase sharply. Under the action of thermal expansion of gases, the piston moves to the lower dead point, while expanding gases make useful work. At the same time, the piston creates high pressure in the preset chamber. Under the action of pressure, the valve closes without giving, thus, the air get into the intake manifold.
   

   Ventilation system
   

   When working in the cylinder, Fig. 6 Working, piston under the action of pressure in the combustion chamber, moves in the direction of the specified arrow. Under the action of overpressure in the pre-chamber, the valve is closed, and the air compression is compressed here for ventilation of the cylinder. Upon reaching the piston (compression rings) of purge windows, Fig. 6 Ventilation, the pressure in the combustion chamber drops sharply, and then the piston with the connecting rod is moving along inertia, that is, the mass of the rolling part of the generator plays the role of the flywheel in the usual engine. At the same time, the blowing windows and compressed in an antique chamber air, under the action of the pressure difference (pressure in the premium chamber and atmospheric pressure), blows the cylinder. Further, with the operating cycle in the opposite cylinder, the compression cycle is carried out.
   

   When the piston moves in the compression mode, fig. 6 Compression, the piston closes the blowing windows, the injection of liquid fuel is carried out, at that moment the air in the combustion chamber is under a small overpressure of the beginning of the compression cycle. With further compression, as soon as the pressure of the compressible combustible mixture becomes equal to the reference (set for this type of fuel), an electrical voltage will be supplied to the spark plug electrodes, the mixture will be ignited, the operating cycle will start and the process will repeat. At the same time, the internal combustion engine represents the only two coaxial and oppositely placed cylinders and the piston, interconnected mechanically.
   

   
   

   Fig. 6. Linear motor ventilation system.
   

   Fuel pump
   

   The drive of the fuel pump of the linear electric generator, is a cam surface, squeezed between the pump piston roller and the roller of the pump housing, fig. 7. The cam surface makes a reciprocating movement along with the connecting rod of the internal combustion engine, and spreads the rollers of the piston and the pump with each clock, while the pump's piston moves relative to the cylinder of the pump and the fuel portion is pushed to the fuel injection nozzle at the beginning of the compression cycle. If it is necessary to change the amount of fuel ejected in one clock, the cam surface is rotated relative to the longitudinal axis. When the cam surface is rotated relative to the longitudinal axis, the rollers of the pump piston and the pump housing rollers will move or move (depending on the direction of rotation) on miscellaneous DistanceThe turn of the fuel pump piston will change and the portion of the pushed fuel will change. The rotation of the reciprocally moving cam around its axis is carried out using a fixed shaft that comes into engaging with a cam through a linear bearing. Thus, the cam moves reciprocating, and the shaft remains fixed. When you turn the shaft around your axis, the cam surface is rotated around its axis and the course of the fuel pump changes. The fuel injection portion of the fuel injection is driven by a stepper motor or manually.
   

   
   

   Fig. 7. The fuel pump of the linear electric generator.
   

   The drive of the linear compressor fuel pump is also a cam surface, squeezed between the plane of the piston of the pump and the plane of the pump housing, fig. 8. The cam surface makes a return rotational movement along with the gear shaft of the internal combustion engine, and spreads the plane of the piston and pump with each clock, while the piston of the pump moves relative to the pump cylinder and the fuel portion is pushed to the fuel injection nozzle at the beginning of the compression cycle . When operating a linear compressor, there is no need to change the amount of fuel pushed. The operation of the line compressor is implied only in a pair with a receiver - energy storage, which can smooth peaks maximum load. Therefore, it is advisable to remove the engine of the linear compressor only into two modes: the optimal load mode and mode idle move. Switching between these two modes is carried out using electromagnetic valves, control system.
   

   
   

   Fig. 8. The fuel pump of the linear compressor.
   

   Starting system
   

   The linear engine start system is carried out, as in a conventional engine, using an electric drive and energy storage. Starting a conventional engine occurs using a starter (electric drive) and flywheel (energy storage). The launch of the linear motor is carried out using a linear electrocompressor and a starting receiver, Fig. nine.
   

   
   

   Fig. 9. Starting system.
   

   When starting, the trigger of the starting compressor, when powering, is properly moving due to the electromagnetic field of the winding, and then the spring is returned to its original state. After pumping the receiver to 8 ... 12 atmospheres, the power is removed from the trigger terminals and the engine is ready for launch. Starting occurs by supplying compressed air to antique linear engine chambers. Air supply is carried out with the help of electromagnetic valves, the operation of which controls the control system.
   

   Since the management system does not have information, in what position the engine connectors are located, before starting, then the supply of high air pressure into the pre-chambers, for example, extreme cylinders, the pistons are guaranteed to move to its original state before starting the engine.
   

   Then a high air pressure is supplied to the middle cylinder chambers, thus, the cylinder ventilation is performed before starting.
   

   After that, the supply of high air pressure is made again in the prediction chambers of the extreme cylinders, to start the engine. As soon as the working cycle is started (the pressure sensor will show high pressure in the combustion chamber corresponding to the working cycle), the control system, using the electromagnetic valves will stop the air supply from the start receiver.
   

   Synchronization system
   

   The synchronization of the joint engine is carried out using a synchronizing gear and a pair of gears, rice. 10, attached to the rolling part of the magnetic pipeline of the generator or pistons of the compressor. The bottom gear is simultaneously the oil pump drive, with which the forced lubrication of the knotting parts of the linear engine is carried out.
   

   
   

   Fig. 10. Synchronization of the running rods of the electric generator.
   

   Reducing the mass of the magnetic pipeline and the inclusion circuit of the electrical generator windings.
   

   The linear-bench generator is a synchronous electrical machine. In the usual generator, the rotor performs a rotational movement, and the mass of the rolling part of the magnetic pipeline is not critical. In the linear generator, the movable part of the magnetic pipeline makes a reciprocating movement along with the rod of the internal combustion engine, and the high mass of the rolling part of the magnetic pipeline makes the operation of the generator impossible. It is necessary to find a way to reduce the mass of the movable part of the generator magnetic pipeline.
   

   
   

   Fig. 11. Generator.
   

   To reduce the mass of the moving part of the magnetic pipeline, it is necessary to reduce its geometric dimensions, respectively, the volume and mass will decrease, Fig. 11. But then the magnetic flux crosses only the winding in one pair of windows instead of five, it is equivalent to that the magnetic flux crosses the conductor five times shorter, respectively , and output (power) decrease 5 times.
   

   To compensate for the reduction of the generator voltage, add the number of turns in one window, so that the length of the power winding conductor has become the same as in the initial version of the generator, Fig. 11.
   

   But to make a larger number of turns in the window with unchanged geometric dimensions, It is necessary to reduce cross section Explorer.
   

   With constant load and output voltage, thermal load, for such a conductor, in this case will increase, and it becomes more optimal (the current remains the case, and the cross-section of the conductor has decreased almost 5 times). It would be if the windows winding are connected in series, that is, when the load current proceeds through all the windings at the same time, as in a conventional generator. But if you alternately connect only the winding of the pair of windows that the magnetic flux is currently crossed, then this Winding for such a short period of time, will not have time to overheat, as the thermal processes inertia. That is, it is necessary to alternately connect to the load only that part of the generator winding (pair of poles), which the magnetic flux crosses, the rest of the time should be cool. Thus, the load is all the time enabled sequentially only with one generator winding.
   

   In this case, the active value of the current flowing through the winding of the generator will not exceed the optimal value, from the point of view of heating the conductor. Thus, it is possible significantly, more than 10 times, reduce the mass of not only the rolling part of the magnetic pipeline of the generator, and the mass of the fixed part of the magnetic pipeline.
   

   Switching windings is carried out using electronic keys.
   

   As keys, for alternately connecting the generator windings to the load, semiconductor devices are used - thyristors (simistors).
   

   Linear generator, this is a detailed ordinary generator, rice. eleven.
   

   For example, with a frequency of the corresponding 3000 cycle / min and a junction of 6 cm, each winding will be heated within 0.00083 seconds, a current is 12 times higher than the nominal, the rest of the time is almost 0.01 seconds, this winding will be cooled. With a decrease in the operating frequency, the heating time will increase, but, accordingly, will decrease the current that flows through the winding and through the load.
   

   Simistor is a switch (may be closed or blurring an electrical circuit). Circuit and opening occurs automatically. When working, as soon as the magnetic stream begins to cross the winding turns, an electrical voltage induced winding appears at the ends of the winding, it leads to a closure of the electrical circuit (opening the simistra). Then, when the magnetic flow crosses the turns of the following winding, then the voltage drop on the electrodes simistrawards to the opening of the electrical circuit. Thus, at each moment of time, the load is all the time, sequentially, only with a single generator winding.
   

   In fig. 12 shows the assembly drawing of the generator without an excitation winding.
   

   Most details of linear motors are formed by the surface of rotation, that is, they have cylindrical forms. This makes it possible to make them using the cheapest and permanent turning and automation of turning operations.
   

   
   

   Fig. 12. Assembly drawing of the generator.
   

   Mathematical model linear engine
   

   The mathematical model of the linear generator is based on the law of conservation of energy and Newton's laws: at each moment of time, at T 0 and T 1, the equality of the forces acting on the piston should be ensured. After a short period of time, under the action of the resulting force, the piston will move for some distance. At this short plot we accept that the piston was moving equally. The importance of all forces will be changed according to the laws of physics and are calculated according to the well-known formulas
   

   All data is automatically recorded in a table, for example in Excel. After that, T 0 is assigned T 1 values \u200b\u200band the cycle is repeated. That is, we produce a logarithm operation.
   

   The mathematical model is a table, for example, in the Excel program, and the assembly drawing (sketch) of the generator. The sketch is not linear dimensions, but the coordinates of the cells of the table in Excel. The corresponding estimated linear dimensions are made to the table, and the program calculates and builds a piston motion schedule in a virtual generator. That is, substituting the dimensions: the diameter of the piston, the volume of the antique chamber, the course of the pistons to the purge windows, etc., we obtain graphs of the dependence of the distance, speed and acceleration of the movement of the piston from time to time. This makes it possible to virtually calculate hundreds of options, and choose the most optimal one.
   

   The form of the winding wires of the generator.
   

   The layer of wires of one window of the linear generator, in contrast to the ordinary generator, lies in one spiral plane, so the winding is easier to turn the wires of non-round cross section, but a rectangular, that is, the winding is a spiral plate spiral. This makes it possible to increase the filling coefficient of the window, and also significantly increase the mechanical strength of the windings. It should be borne in mind that the speed of the connecting rod, and therefore the rolling part of the magnetic pipeline is not the same. This means that the magnetic induction lines crosses the winding of different windows with different speeds. For full use Winding wires, the number of turns of each window must correspond to the magnetic flux speed near this window (connecting rod speed). The number of turns of the windings of each window is selected taking into account the dependence of the rod speed from the distance traveled by the connecting rod.
   

   Also for a more uniform voltage of the generated current, you can wim up the winding of each window copper plate Different thickness. In the area where the rod speed is not large, the winding is carried out by a plate of less thickness. A larger number of turns of the winding will be placed in the window and, at a lower rod speed on this site, the generator will produce a voltage commensurate with a voltage of the current on more "speed" areas, although the generated current will be significantly lower.
   

   The use of a linear electric generator.
   

   The main use of the described generator is an uninterrupted power supply at low power enterprises, allowing connected equipment to operate for a long time when the network voltage is lost, or when the parameters exit per allowed norms.
   

   Electric generators can be used to provide electrical energy of industrial and household electrical equipment, in the absence of electrical networks, as well as as a power unit for vehicle (hybrid car), in quality mobile generator electrical Energy.
   

   For example, an electrical generator in the form of a diplomat (suitcase, bags). The user takes with him to the places where there are no electrical networks (construction, hike, country house, etc.) if necessary by clicking on the "Start" button, the generator starts and feeds the electrical energy connected to it. Electrical devices: power tools, household Devices. This is an ordinary source of electrical energy, only much cheaper and more easily analogues.
   

   The use of linear engines makes it possible to create inexpensive, easy to use and control, lightweight car.
   

   Linear electric generator vehicle
   

   A vehicle with a linear electric generator is Double light (250 kg) car, rice. 13.
   

   
   

   Fig.13. A car with a linear benzegenerator.
   

   When managed, you do not need to switch speeds (two pedals). Due to the fact that the generator can develop maximum power, even when "touching" from the place (unlike a regular car), then acceleration characteristics, even with small traction engine capacity, have the best indicators than similar characteristics of ordinary cars. Effect of steering and aBS systems It is programmatically achieved, since all the necessary "iron" is already there (the drive per each wheel allows you to control the torque or braking torque of the wheel, for example, when the steering wheel is rotated, the torque between the right and left control wheel is redistributed, and the wheels are rotated by the driver only allows them to rotate , that is, management without effort). Block layout allows you to combine the car at the request of the consumer (you can easily replace the generator to replace the generator to more powerful).
   

   it normal car It is only much cheaper and easier to analogues.
   

   Features simplicity management, low cost, fast speed set, power up to 12 kW, drive to all wheels (high passability car).
   

   The vehicle with the proposed generator, due to the specific form of the generator, has a very low gravity center, therefore it will be highly resilient when driving.
   

   Also, such a vehicle will have very high overclocking characteristics. In the proposed vehicle, the maximum power of the power unit can be used with the entire speed range.
   

   The distributed mass of the power unit does not load the body of the car, so it can be made cheap, easy and simple.
   

   A traction engine of a vehicle in which a linear electric generator is used as a power unit, must satisfy with such conditions:
   

   Power windings of the engine must directly, without a converter, connect to the generator terminals (to increase the efficiency of the electrical transmission and reducing the price of the current converter);
   

   The speed of rotation of the output shaft of the electric motor must be adjusted in a wide range, and should not depend on the frequency of the electrical generator;
   

   The engine must have a high time on failure, that is, to be reliable in operation (not to have a collector);
   

   The engine must be inexpensive (simple);
   

   The engine must have a high torque at low frequency of rotation of the output shaft;
   

   The engine must have a small mass.
   

   The inclusion scheme of such a motor is shown in Fig. 14. By changing the polarity of the power of the rotor winding, we obtain the rotor torque.
   

   Also, by changing the size and polarity of the power winding, the rotor rotation is introduced relative to the magnetic field of the stator. The power supply of the rotor winding current, the slide control is controlled, in the range from 0 ... 100%. The power of the rotor winding is, approximately 5% of the engine power, so the current converter must not be done for the entire current of the traction motors, but only for their excitation current. The power of the current converter, for example, for an onboard electric generator 12 kW, is only 600 W, and this power is divided into four channels (for each wheel of the wheel of its channel), that is, the power of each transducer channel is 150 W. Therefore, the low efficiency of the converter will not have a significant effect on the efficiency of the system. The converter can be built with low-power, cheap semiconductor elements.
   

   The current from the terminals of the electric generator without any transformations is fed to the power windings of traction electric motors. Only excitation current is converted, so that it is always in antiphase with the current power windings. Since the excitation current is only 5 ... 6% of the total current consumed by the traction electric motor, the converter is necessary to power 5 ... 6% of the entire generator power, which will significantly reduce the price and weight of the converter and increase the efficiency of the system. In this case, the transducer of the excitation current of traction engines must be "to know", in which position is the engine shaft, so that at each moment of time on the excitation winding, the current is to create a maximum torque. The sensor position of the output shaft of the traction motor is an absoluteneckoder.
   

   
   

   Fig.14. The circuit for turning on the windings of the traction motor.
   

   The use of a linear electric generator, as a power unit of the vehicle, allows you to create a block layout car. If necessary, you can change large nodes and aggregates in a few minutes, fig. 15, as well as apply the body with the best flow around, as a low-power car has no power reserve to overcome air resistance due to imperfection of aerodynamic forms (due to the high resistance coefficient).
   

   
   

   Fig.15. The possibility of block layout.
   

   Linear compressor vehicle
   

   A vehicle with a linear compressor is a double light (200 kg) car, rice. 16. This is a simpler and cheaper car analogue with a linear generator, but with lower transmission efficiency.
   

   
   

   Fig.16. Pneumatic drive car.
   

   
   

   Fig.17. Wheel Drive Management.
   

   An incremental-barrier is used as the wheel rotation speed sensor. Incremental & Equipment have a pulse output, when turned to a certain angle at the output, a voltage pulse is generated. The electronic sensor circuit, "counts" the number of pulses per unit of time, and records this code in the output register. With the "submission" code control system (address) of this sensor, electronic circuit Encoder, in a sequential form gives the code from the output register, to the information conductor. The control system reads the sensor code (information about the wheel rotation speed) and according to a given algorithm produces code to control the stepping motor of the actuator.
   

   Conclusion
   

   The cost of the vehicle, for most people, is 20 ... 50 monthly earnings. People can not afford to purchase new car For 8 ... 12 thousand $, and on the market there is no car in the price range of 1 ... 2 thousand $. The use of a linear electrical generator or compressor, as a power unit of the car, allows you to create a simple to operate, and inexpensive vehicle.
   

   Modern technologies for the production of printed circuit boards, and the range of manufactured electronic products, allows you to make almost all electrical connections using two wires - power and informational. That is, not to install the connection of each individual electrical instrument: sensors, executive and signaling devices, and connect each device to a general power, and a shared information wire. The control system, in turn, displays the codes (addresses) of the instruments, in the serial code, to the information wire, after which it is waiting for information about the state of the instrument, also in the serial code, and on the same line. Based on these signals, the control system generates control codes for executive and signaling devices and transmits them to transfer actuators or signal devices to a new state (if necessary). Thus, when installing or repairing, each device must be connected to two wires (these two wires are common to all side electrical appliances) and electric mass.
   

   To reduce cost, and respectively, the prices of the consumer products,
   

   it is necessary to simplify installation and electrical connections on-board devices. For example, with traditional installation, to turn on the rear overall fireYou must close, using a switch, an electrical power circuit of the lighting device. The chain consists of: source of electrical energy, connecting wire, a relatively powerful switch, electrical load. Each element of the chain, except the power source, requires individual installation, an inexpensive mechanical switch, has a low number of switching on-off cycles. With a large number of onboard electrical appliances, the price of mounting and connecting wires increases in proportion to the number of devices, the likelihood of error is increasing due to the human factor. With large-scale production, it is easier to control the instruments and read information from the sensors to make one line, and not inflicted, for each instrument. For example, to turn on the rear oven fire, in this case, it is necessary to touch the touch sensor, the control circuit will form the control code to turn on the rear dimming fire. The address of the rear-dimensional rear dimming device and the signal on the inclusion will be displayed on the information wire, and then the internal supply circuit of the rear dimming fire will be closed. That is, electrical circuits are formed complex: automatically in the production of printed circuit boards (for example, when installing boards on SMD lines), and by electrically connected all devices with two common wires and electric "mass".
   

   Bibliography
   

   1. Physics Reference: Kukhiging H. Per. with it. 2nd ed. - M.: Mir, 1985. - 520 p., Il.
   2. Gas turbine on railway transport. Bartos, E. T. Publishing House "Transport", 1972, p. 1-144.
   3. Drawing - Khuskin A. M. 4 - e ed., Perrerab. And add. -.: Vizhyshchk. Head ed - in, 1985. - 447 p.
   4. Symistors and their use in household electric devices, Yu. A. Essayev, S. S. Krylov. 1990.
   5. Monthly advertising and information magazine "Electrotechnical Market" No. 5 (23) September-October 2008.
   6. Design of autotractor engines. R. A. Zheindinov, Dyakov I. F., S. V. Yarygin. Tutorial. Ulyanovsk: ULGTU, 2004.- 168 p.
   7. Fundamentals of conversion technique: Tutorial for universities / O. Z. Popkov. 2nd ed., Stereot. - M.: Publishing House MEI, 2007. 200 p.: Il.
   8. Basics of industrial electronics: Textbook for non-electrotechnology. specialist. universities /v. Gerasimov, O M. Knyazkov, A E. Krasnopolsky, V.V. Sukhorukov; Ed. V.G. Gerasimova. - 3rd ed., Pererab. and add. - M.: Higher. Shk., 2006. - 336 p., Il.
   9. Internal combustion engines. Theory and calculation of workflows. 4th ed., Recycling, and addition. Under the general edition of A.S. Orlin and MG Kruglov. M.: Mechanical Engineering. 1984.
   10. Electrical engineering and electronics in 3-kN. Ed. V.G. Gerasimov KN.2. Electromagnetic devices and electric machines. - M.: Higher Shk. - 2007
   11. Theoretical foundations of electrical engineering. Studies. For universities. In three tons. Under common. K.M. Polyivanova. T.1. KM Polyivans. Linear electrical circuits with focused constant. M.: Energy, 1972. -240c.

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in breeding pumping and wells for extraction of reservoir liquids from medium and large depths, mainly in oil production. Cylindrical linear asynchronous engine Contains a cylindrical inductor with multiphase winding, made with the possibility of axial movement and mounted inside the steel secondary element. The steel secondary element is an electric motor housing, the inner surface of which has a high-handed coating in the form of a layer. The cylindrical inductor is made of several modules selected from phase coils and interconnected flexible communication. The number of inductor modules to multiply the number of winding phases. When switching from one module to another phase coil is laid with alternate change of location of individual phases. When the engine diameter is 117 mm, the inductor length is 1400 mm, the inductor frequency of 16 Hz The electric motor develops up to 1000 H and 1.2 kW power with natural cooling and up to 1800 N with oil. The technical result is to increase the traction force and power per unit length of the engine under conditions of limiting on the diameter of the housing. 4 Il.

Drawings to the Patent Patent 2266607

The invention relates to the designs of submersible cylindrical linear asynchronous motors (jondays) used in the volatile pump-well installations for extraction of reservoir liquids from medium and large depths, mainly in oil production.

The most common method of oil production is the rise of oil from wells using rod plunger pumps managed by rocking machines.

In addition to obvious deficiencies inherent in such installations (large dimensions and mass rocking and rods; wear of pump-compressor pipes and rods), there are also a significant disadvantage of small disadvantages to regulate the velocity of the plunger movement, which means that the performance of the rod pumping units, the impossibility of work In inclined wells.

The ability to regulate these characteristics would make it possible to take into account the natural changes in the flow of well in the process of its operation and reduce the number of sizes of pumping units used for different wells.

Known technical solutions for creating breeding deep-pumping plants. One of these is the use of plunger-type depth pumps with a drive based on linear asynchronous motors.

The design of the jonda mounted in the pump-compressor tube above the plunger pump (Izhel G.I. and others. "Linear asynchronous engines", Kiev, technology, 1975, p.135) / 1 /. The well-known engine has a housing placed in it by a fixed inductor and a movable secondary element located inside the inductor and affecting the plunger on the pump plunger.

The traction force on the movable secondary element appears due to the interaction of the current-induced aircover in it, which is created by multiphase windings connected to the power supply.

Such an electric motor is used in the volatile pumping units (A.S. USSR No. 491793, Publ. 1975) / 2 / and (A.S. USSR No. 538153, Publ. 1976) / 3 /.

However, the conditions of operation of submersible plunger pumps and linear asynchronous motors in the well impose restrictions on the choice of design and the size of the electric motors. A distinctive feature Submersible chassis is the limited engine diameter, in particular, not exceeding the diameter of the pump-compressor pipe.

For such conditions, famous electric motors have relatively low technical and economic indicators:

Kpd. and COS are inferior to similar indicators of asynchronous engines of traditional execution;

Developed infant shop mechanical power And the traction force (per unit of engine length) is relatively small. The length of the engine placed in the well is limited to the length of the pump-compressor pipe (not more than 10-12 m). When limiting the length of the engine, it is difficult to achieve the pressure required for lifting fluid. Some increase in traction effort and capacity is possible only by increasing the electromagnetic engine loads, which leads to a decrease in KPD. and the reliability level of engines due to elevated heat loads.

These disadvantages can be eliminated if you run the "inductor-secondary element" schema, in other words, the inductor with windings is placed inside the secondary element.

Such an execution of the linear engine is known ("Induction electric motors with an open magnetic circuit". Informelectro, M., 1974, p.16-17) / 4 / and can be taken as the most close to the claimed decision.

The known linear motor contains a cylindrical inductor with a winding, mounted inside the secondary element, the inner surface of which has a high-conducting coating.

Such an end to the inductor with respect to the secondary element was created to facilitate winding and installing coils and was not used as a drive for submersible pumps operating in wells, but for ground use, i.e. Without hard limit on the dimensions of the engine housing.

The objective of the present invention is to develop the design of a cylindrical linear asynchronous motor to drive submersible plunger pumps, which, under conditions of limiting the diameter of the engine body, has elevated specific indicators: traction force and power per unit of engine length when providing the required level of reliability and specified power consumption.

To solve the task, the cylindrical linear asynchronous engine for the drive of submersible plunger pumps contains a cylindrical inductor with a winding, mounted inside the secondary element, the inner surface of which has a high-conducting coating, while the inductor with windings is made with the possibility of axial movement and is mounted inside the electric motor body, steel thickness The walls of which are not less than 6 mm, and the inner surface of the housing is coated with a layer of copper with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm.

Considering the unevenness of the surface of the wells and, as a result, a possible bending of the electric motor housing, an electric motor inductor should be performed consisting of several modules interconnected by flexible bonding.

At the same time, to align the currents of the motor winding phases, the number of modules is chosen in a multiple number of phases, and during the transition from one module to another coils are laid with alternate change of the location of individual phases.

The essence of the invention is as follows.

The use of an electric motor body as a secondary element allows you to maximize the well-limited well space. The maximum achievable values \u200b\u200bof the power and force of the engine depend on the maximum permissible electromagnetic loads (current density, induction of the magnetic field) and the volume of active elements (magnetic circuit, winding, secondary element). Combining a structural design element - an electric motor housing with an active secondary element allows you to increase the volume of active engine materials.

An increase in the active surface of the engine allows you to increase the traction force and engine power per unit of its length.

An increase in the active volume of the engine reduces the electromagnetic loads that determine the thermal state of the engine, on which the level of reliability depends.

In this case, obtaining the necessary values \u200b\u200bof the traction force and the power of the engine per unit of its length when ensuring the necessary level of reliability and the specified power consumption (KPD and COS) under the conditions of limiting the diameter of the engine housing is achieved by the optimal selection of the thickness of the steel engine of the engine body, as well as The thickness of the high-conducting coating of its active zone is the inner surface of the case.

Considering the nominal speed of moving the working parts of the plunger pump, optimally corresponding to it the speed of the running magnetic field of the movable inductor, possible technological difficulties in the manufacture of windings, acceptable pole divide values \u200b\u200b(not less than 0.06-0.10 m) and inductor current frequency (no more than 20 Hz), the parameters over the thickness of the steel wall of the secondary element and the copper coating are selected in the claimed manner. These parameters allow limitations to the engine diameter reduce power loss (and, consequently, to increase kp.d.) by eliminating the growth of magnetization current and reduce the scattering of the magnetic flux.

The new technical result achieved by the invention is to apply the inductor-secondary element facing circuit for the maximum efficient use of a limited well space when creating a cylindrical linear asynchronous motor with characteristics that allow you to use it as a drive of submersible pumps.

The stated engine is illustrated with drawings, where figure 1 is depicted general form The engine with the modular design of the inductor, in FIG. 2 - the same, section according to Aa-A, figure 3 shows a separate module, in FIG. 4 is the same, section of B-b.

The engine comprises a housing 1 - a steel pipe with a diameter of 117 mm, with a thickness of a wall of 6 mm. The inner surface of the tubes is covered with copper layer 0.5 mm. Inside the steel pipe 1, using centering sleeves 3 with antifriction gaskets 4 and pipes 5 mounted a movable inductor consisting of modules 6, interconnected by flexible bonding.

Each of the inducer modules (figure 3) is dialed from individual coils 7, alternating with ring teeth 8 having a radial slot 9, and placed on magnetic conduit 10.

A flexible bond consists of the upper 11 and the lower 12 clamps, movably installed with the help of grooves on the protrusions of neighboring centering sleeves.

On the upper plane of the clamp 11, currentwater cables 13 are fixed. At the same time, the number of modules in the inductor in the inductor phases is selected by a multiple phase number, and during the transition from one module to another coil of individual phases alternately change places. The total number of inductor modules, which means, the length of the engine is selected depending on the required traction.

The electric motor can be equipped with a stem 14 to attach it to the submersible plunger pump and the rod 15 - to connect to the current supply. At the same time, stocks 14 and 15 are connected to the inducer of flexible bondage 16 to prevent the transfer of bending moment submersible pump And the current lead to the inductor.

The electric motor passed the bench tests and works as follows. When feeding the frequency converter located on the surface of the Earth, there are currents that create a running magnetic field in a multi-phase engine winding. This magnetic field brings secondary currents both in a highly conductive (copper) layer of the secondary element and in the steel case of the engine.

The interaction of these currents with a magnetic field leads to the creation of traction, under the action of which the movable inductor is moved, which affects the thrust on the pump plunger. At the end of the moving part of the sensor command, the engine is reversed by changing the alternation of the phases of the supply voltage. Next, the cycle is repeated.

When the engine diameter is 117 mm, the inductor length is 1400 mm, the inductor frequency of 16 Hz The electric motor develops up to 1000 H and 1.2 kW power with natural cooling and up to 1800 N with oil.

Thus, the stated engine has acceptable technical and economic characteristics for its use complete with a submersible plunger pump for extraction of reservoir liquids from medium and large depths.

CLAIM

A cylindrical linear asynchronous motor for driving plunger plunger pumps containing a cylindrical inductor with a multi-phase winding, made with the possibility of axial movement and mounted inside the steel secondary element, the steel secondary element is an electric motor body, the inner surface of which has a high-conducting coating layer, characterized by that the cylindrical inductor is made of several modules scored from the phase coils and interconnected by a flexible bond, the number of cylindrical inductor modules to multiply the number of the winding phases, and when switching from one module to another phase coils are laid with alternate change of the location of individual phases.

Abstract of dissertation. on this topic ""

For manuscript rights

Bazhenov Vladimir Arkadyevich

Cylindrical linear asynchronous motor in the drive of high-voltage switches

Specialty 05.20.02 - Electrical technologies and electrical equipment of agriculture

dissertations for the scientific degree of candidate of technical sciences

Izhevsk 2012.

The work was carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Higher Professional ^ Jewish "Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy" (FGBOU V1Y Izhevsk GSHA)

Scientific Director: Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

1 Vladikin Ivan Revovich

Official opponents: Vorobyev Victor

doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor

FGBOU VPO MgAU

them. V.P. Goryachkin

Bekmachev Alexander Egorovich Candidate of Technical Sciences, Project Manager CJSC Radiant Elcom

Leading organization:

Federal State Budgetary educational institution You are with the neck of the first form of education "Chuvash State Agricultural Academy" (FGOU Vpo Chuvashskaya GSHA)

The sewn will take place "May 28" in 2012 at 10 o'clock at the meeting of the dissertation council KM 220.030.02 in FGBOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA at: 426069,

izhevsk, ul. Student, 11, Aud. 2.

The dissertation can be found in the library of FGBOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA.

Posted on the site: Tyul ^ VIA / GI

Scientific Secretary of the Dissertation Council

UFO. Litvinyuk

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WORK

north of the complex automation of rural electric with ^ egnttt

research Suulimova M.I., Guseva B.C. Marked ™ ^.

relay protection and automation steps / Rchagiv Z0 ... 35% of cases

wORKING STATUS DEVICE TO TSJTJ ™

share of VM 10 ... 35 kV s, nv ", m" n mv "; defects fall on

N.M., Paluge M ^ Aastz ^ rzzr ^ tsy

of the re-inclusion of the GAPSH "° ° TS30B ASTOMA ™

drive in general

■ PP-67 PP-67K

■ VMP-10P CRN K-13

"VPPP-Yup Krun K-37

Figure I - Analysis of failures in electric drives of VM 6 .. 35 kV VIA, they consume greater power and require the setting of bulky

failure of the shutdown mechanism, O.E.

00 »PP-67 PP-67

■ VPM-10P CRS | K-13

■ VPPP-UP CRN K-37 PE-11

- "", "", and charger or rectifying set-cumulatory batteries 3 ^ dd ° 0mc0m with a power of 100 kVA. By virtue of

the coincidence with "P ^^ is omno" about found wide use.

3Ashnargby ^ "Spent An ™ and" Mosts "are not visible

advanced. "" _,., * PPITERS direct current: impossible

The disadvantages of the ele.cgromap ^^^^^ comprising the electromagnation of the control of SK0P ° ^ dh ^ ^ em ^^. APPV, which increases W1TA\u003e Big "NDU ^ IvosGy winding I am from polo.

turning on the switch ^ -¿ ^ "^ / ^^." Oro of the inclusion, the battery of the core, which drive. P-to-to-power and their

or - "r- ^ / ^ / oh area up to 70 m\u003e and other dimensions and the mass that shift current: great

Nsdostaki ^^^^^^^ "" Hires,

¡Yygg- ^ 5 ^ - Skoreness-and

T-d "Disadvantages induction. Drive

B ^^ "GGJ cylindrical liga-the above-mentioned violated *" structive singular

"B, x asynchronous dvn ^ e" so we propose to use them in

stey and mass boar "O ^ 3 ^" "110 ^ 0 * e_ \\ for oil" Oh turn off the quality element in pr "^ Rostekhyadzor

lei, which, according to Western-UR, ^ ^ companies in

udmurt Republic of the VMG-35 300 pieces.

operation "^^^^^, the following goal of a wound is the basis of higher high-voltage oil disk," p ^ ^ α-α-α-α-α-α-α-α-α-sq. Mustral

"The following analysis of existing drives designs were delivered.

3 "Theoretical and Characteristics

GRHG ^ C - "- -" "6-35 *

the basis of the order.

6. Conduct technical and economic. .

use the jelly for the drives of oil switches 6 ... 35 kV.

The object of the study is: a cylindrical linear asynchronous electric motor (jondo) of drive devices of rural distribution networks 6 ... 35 kV.

Research Subject: Studying the traction charts of the process of operation in oil switches 6 ... 35 square meters.

Research methods. Theoretical studies were carried out using the basic laws of geometry, trigonometry, mechanics, differential and integral calculus. Natural studies were conducted with the VMM-10 switch using technical and measuring instruments. The experimental data processing is made using the Microsoft Excel program. Scientific novelty of work.

1. A new type of oil switch drive is proposed, which allows to increase the reliability of their operation 2.4 times.

2. A technique for calculating the characteristics of the process is developed, which, unlike the previously proposed, makes it possible to take into account the boundary effects of the magnetic field distribution.

3. The main structural parameters and the drive modes for the VMP-10 switch, which reduces the abundress of electricity to consumers.

The practical value of the work is determined by the following main results:

1. The design of the VMM-10 switching switches is proposed.

2. A method for calculating the parameters of a cylindrical linear asynchronous motor has been developed.

3. A technique and the drive calculation program are developed that allow you to calculate the drives of the switches of such structures.

4. The parameters of the proposed drive for HDMP-10 are defined and the like.

5. A laboratory actuator sample has been developed and tested, which allowed to reduce the loss of power breaks.

Implementation of research results. The work was carried out in accordance with the R & D plan of FGBOU VPO ChymAesh, registration number No. 02900034856 "Development of a drive for high-voltage switches 6 ... 35 kV". The results of the work and recommendations are accepted and used in the Bashkirenergo C-WES (a certificate of implementation).

Work is based on the generalization of research results performed by independently and in the Commonwealth with scientists from FGBOU VPO Chelyabinsk State Agriculture (Chelyabinsk), FGOU VPO Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy.

The following provisions were made on the defense:

1. Type of gas-based oil switches

2. Mathematical model of calculating the characteristics of the process, as well as traction

efforts depending on the design of the groove.

drive Calculation Program for VMG type switches, a voltage of 10 ... 35 sq. 4. RESULTS OF STUDITIES OF THE SUPPLIED DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSFER OF OIL SWITCH BASCES BASED.

Approbation of research results. The main provisions of the work were reported and discussed at the following scientific and practical conferences: XXXIII Scientific Conference dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Institute, Sverdlovsk (1990); International Scientific and Practical Conference "Problems of Energy Development in Production Transformations" (Izhevsk, FSBEA in Izhevsk GSHA 2003); Regional Scientific and Methodological Conference (Izhevsk, FGBOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA, 2004); Actual problems of mechanization agriculture: Materials of the anniversary scientific and practical conference "Higher agro-ventricular education in Udmurtia - 50 years." (Izhevsk, 2005), at the annual scientific and technical conferences of teachers and employees of FGBOU VPO "Izhevsk GSHA".

Publications on the topic of the thesis. The results of theoretical and experimental studies are reflected 8 printed works, including: in one article published in the journal recommended by HAK, two deposited reports.

Structure and scope of work. The thesis consists of the introduction, five chapters, general conclusions and applications, set forth on 167 pages of the main text, contains 82 figures, 23 tables and a list of sources used from 105 names and 4 applications.

In the introduction, the relevance of the work is substantiated, the state of the issue, the purpose and objectives of the research are considered, formulated the main provisions submitted to protection.

The first chapter analyzes the design of the drives of the switches.

Installed:

Fundamental advantage of alignment of the drive from the process;

The need for further research;

Objectives and tasks of dissertation work.

In the second chapter, methods for calculating the progress are considered.

Based on the analysis of the distribution of the magnetic field, a three-dimensional model is selected.

The winding of the jonday generally consists of separate coils included in series in a three-phase diagram.

There is a chandelier with a single-layer winding and symmetrical relative to the inductor core location of the secondary element in the gap.

The following assumptions adopted: 1. Current of the winding laid at length 2R is concentrated in infinitely thin current layers located on the ferromagnetic surfaces of the inductor and creates a purely sinusoidal running wave. The amplitude is associated with a known ratio with linear current density and current load.

creates a purely sinusoidal running wave. The amplitude is associated with a known ratio with linear current density and current load.

to "" "d." "*. (one)

t - pole; w - number of phases; W is the number of turns in the phase; I is the current current value; P - number of pairs of poles; J - current density;

C6 | - Winding coefficient of the main harmonic.

2. The primary field in the frontal parts area is approximated by an exponential function.

/ (") \u003d 0.83 EXER ~~~ (2)

The accuracy of such an approximation to the real picture of the field speaks of the previously conducted studies, as well as experiments on the model of the way, it is possible to replace L-2 s.

3. Incited the fixed coordinate system x, y, z is located at the beginning of the wounded partial incitement edge (Fig. 2).

With the formation of the task of N.S. Winding can be represented as a double row of Fourier:

where, a is the linear current load of the inductor; COB - winding coefficient; L - width of the jet tire; C - total inductor length; a - shift angle;

z \u003d 0,5L - a - induction zone; P is the order of harmonics on the transverse axis; V- Order harmonics on the longitudinal landline;

The solution is found for the vector magnetic potential of currents A in the area of \u200b\u200bthe air gap, it satisfies the following equations:

divas \u003d 0. J (4)

For VE equations A 2 equations look:

DA2. \u003d GGM 2 SIU T2 \u003d 0.

Solution of equations (4) and (5) We produce variable separation method. ^ Task simplification We only give an expression for the normal component of induction in the gap:

hell [ky.<л

in 2a v 1<ЬК0.51.

_¿1- 2С -1 -1 "

Figure 2 - Estimated mathematical model of the road without taking into account the distribution of the winding

Kp2. Sob --- Ah

X (power + s ^ llu) ЕхР

Full electromagnetic power 8m, transmitted from the primary part in С "отrt, ieg is found as a stream of normal 8, component of the porting vector through the surface y - 5

\u003d / / Enough \u003d

"- - \\ shxs + C2Sild \\ 2

^ GRLS ^ GBVEG "" "C0stsh1ying" y ™ "*" "" Mechanical power

P ™ CO "SS ™" Sia Si ° Stasive "teaches the flow"

C \\ - complex, conjugation with C2.

"Z-op,", g ".msha" "Lad". ..

II "in e., Ъgsis

^ And about l v o_ £ v u

- "" \\ shxs + s. SAZ? "

"" - ^ / n ^ n ^ m- ^ gi

l "\\ SHXS + C2S1GL5 ^

on pop ^ ech ^^ l ^ etot ^ ^ "b \u003d 2c\u003e ™ -Rmo" IR coordinate L-Ukr Mr g ^ g in two-dimensional, by

schee steel ^ torus ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ Pratistry ^ g ^ scht

2) mechanical power

Electromagnetic power £ ,., "1 \u003d p / s" + .U, / C1 "1"

vowelno expression, formula (7) was calculated

4) loss in copper inductor

P, r1 \u003d shi1 gf ^

where GF is the active resistance of the phase winding;

5) to n d. Excluding losses in the steel core

"R.-and ■ (12) r, p" (5\u003e + l, ..

6) Power factor

r T! \\ Ge + GF) ^ Tiff1 T1 Z £

where, 2 \u003d + x1 is a complete resistance module serial

schemes of substitution (Fig. 2).

x1 \u003d x "+ ha1 o4)

v-zeh (15)

x \u003d x + x + x + ha - inductive scattering resistance primary sn-n a * h

M ° ™wise, an algorithm for calculating the static characteristics of a paw with a short-circuited secondary element, which makes it possible to consider the properties of the active parts of the structure on each teeth.

The designed mathematical model allows :. Apply a mathematical apparatus for calculating the cylindrical lins host of an asynchronous engine, its static characteristics based on rascure schemes of replacement of electrical primary and secondary and magnetic "

To assess the effect of various parameters and structures of the secondary element on the traction and energy characteristics of the cylindrical linear asynchronous motor. . The results of the calculations allow to determine in the first approximation the optimal main technical and economic data in the design of cylindrical linear asynchronous motors.

In the third chapter, the "Calculation and theorest studies" are given the results of numerical calculations of the influence of various parameters and geometrics on the energy and traction indicators of the process with the help of a mathematical model described earlier.

The inducer is the order consists of separate washers located in a ferromagnetic cylinder. The geometric dimensions of the inductor washers adopted in the calculated part in Fig. 3. The amount of the washers and the length of the ferromagnetic cylinder is "the number of poles and the number of grooves per pole and the inductor winding phase 1 ^ ZAS (SIM MOVERS1YE was taken parameters of the inductor (geometry of the teeth, the number of poles, pole division, length and width) of the secondary structure - type winding, electrical conductivity C2 - UG L, and

also the parameters of the return magnetic pipeline. At the same time, the results of the study are presented in the form of graphs.

Figure 3 - Inductor device 1-secondary element; 2-nut; Z-sealing washer; 4- coil; 5-housing engine; 6-winding, 7-washer.

For the drive being developed, the switch is uniquely defined:

1 Mode of operation, which can be characterized as "Start". Time "work - less second (t. \u003d 0.07C), repeated starts can be, but even in

this case, the total working time does not exceed second. Consequently, electromagnetic loads - linear current load, current density in windings can be taken significantly higher than the electrical machines received for the jointers: A \u003d (25 ... 50) 10 a / m, j (4 ... /) a / mm2. Therefore, the thermal state of the machine can not be considered.

3. The required traction force f "\u003e 1500 N. At the same time, the change in effort during operation should be minimal.

4. Hard limitations of dimensions: LS length. 400 mm; The outer diameter of the stator d \u003d 40 ... 100 mm.

5 Energy indicators (L, COSCP) do not matter.

Thus, the task of studies can be formulated as follows: with given dimensions, determine the electromagnetic loads value the value of the structural parameters of the road, providing a non-cooling

dima traction intensity in the range of 0.3

Based on the formed research task, the main indicator of the way is the traction force in the sliding range of 0.3

Thus, the strength of the lines seems to be functional dependence ..

Fx \u003d f (2p, g, & d2, y2, yi, ms\u003e h< Wk, A, a) U<>>

timers Some Pr-To and T \u003d 400/4 \u003d 100 - * 66.6 MMGCH

tel "OSPEVGICHCHE" We have a numerus of С ° LUMS0V "U" 0806 traction effort drops meaning- 5

The line of force is associated with a decrease in the pole division of T and magnetic induction in air and division T

is 2r \u003d 4 (Fig. 4). ° The viewing gap is consequently optimal

OD 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0 9

Slip B, OE

Figure 4 - True Characteristics Installation "Depending on the number of half

3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 ■

1.5 | in 2.0l<

0 0.10,0,0,30,40,40,60,70,80,9 1 ^ Collection B, OE

Figure 5, AZO.

ra (6 \u003d 1.5 mm and 5 \u003d 2,0mm)

warning U2, U3 and magnetic permeability of C3 VE.

The change in the electrical conductivity of the steel cylinder "(Fig. 6) on the traction force of the process is at least valid to 5%.

0 0,10,23,30,40,50,60,70,83,91

Slip 8, OE.

Figure 6. True Characteristics Installations for various values \u200b\u200bof steel cylinder electronics

The change in the magnetic permeability of the C3 of the steel cylinder (Fig. 7) does not bring significant changes in the traction force px \u003d dB). When working slide 8 \u003d 0.3, the characteristics coincide. Starting traction varies within 3 ... 4%. Consequently, given the insignificant effect of UZ and MH on the traction force of the jonde, the steel cylinder can be made of magnetic steel.

0 0 1 0 2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Sliphenez, OE

Figure 7. TRADE Characteristics of the CDAD at different values \u200b\u200bof magnetic permeability (CZ \u003d 1000CO and CZ \u003d 500CH) steel cylinder

From the analysis of graphic dependencies (Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7) follows the conclusion: changes in the conductivity of the steel cylinder and magnetic permeability, the limitations of the non-magnetic gap to achieve constancy of the traction force 1 "x is impossible due to their small influence.

y \u003d 1.2-10 "cm / m

y \u003d 3 10 "cm / m

About 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Slip E, OE

Figure 8. True Characteristics Installations for various values \u200b\u200bof electrical conductivity WE

The parameter, with which one can achieve constancy of the traction force \u003d / (2p, g,<$ й2 ,у2, уз, цз, Я, А, а) ЦЛАД, является удельная электропроводимость у2 вторичного элемента. На рисунке 8 указаны оптимальные крайние варианты проводимостей. Эксперименты, проведенные на экспериментальной установке, позволили определить наиболее подходящую удельную проводимость в пределах у=0,8-10"...1,2-ю"См/м.

Figures 9 ... 11 shows the dependences of G, I, T), oo $<р = /(я) при различных значениях числа витков в катушке обмотки индуктора ЦЛАД с экранированным вторичным э л е м е нто в (с/,=1 мм; 5=1 мм).

LG Az o * ~ 05 about y5 then

Figure 9. Dependence 1 \u003d g (8) at different values \u200b\u200bof the number of turns in the coil

Figure 10. EOS dependence

Picture! I dependency t] \u003d f (s)

The graphic dependences of the energy indicators from the number of turns in the nashas coincide. This suggests that the change in the number of turns in the coil does not lead to a significant change in these indicators. This is the reason for the lack of attention to them.

An increase in traction force (Fig. 12) As the number of turns decreases in the coil, it is explained by topics. which increases the cross section of the wire at constant values \u200b\u200bof the geometric sizes and the coefficient of filling with copper inductor groove and a minor change in the current density value. The engine drives operates in a start-up mode for less than a second. Therefore, to drive mechanisms with a large start traction force and short-term mode of operation, it is more efficient to use the jonda with a small number of turns and a large cross section of the inductor winding coil.

mall / "4a? /? (/," ■ sh0O 8OO Boa íoo 2 OS ■

O / O.Z OI 05 about 07 OS ¿J? That

Figure 12. True Characteristics Installations at different values \u200b\u200bof the number of turns of ERA Mountain coil

However, with frequent inclusions of such mechanisms, it is necessary to have a heat supply for heating.

Thus, on the basis of the results of a numerical experiment on the above, the calculation method can with a sufficient degree of accuracy, it is possible to determine the tendency to change the electrical and traction indicators at various brake variables. The main indicator for the constancy of the traction force is the electrical conductivity of the coating of the secondary element U2 by changing it within y \u003d 0.8-10 ... 1.2-10 cm / m, you can get the necessary traction characteristic.

Consequently, for the constancy of the jelly traction, it is sufficient to set the permanent values \u200b\u200bof 2r, T, 8, y), the CH,

! ], \u003d / (To U2, \\ uk) (17)

where k \u003d / (2p, t, 8, l2, y, cz "

In the fourth chapter, the method of carrying out the experiment of the test drive method under study. Experimental studies of the characteristics of the drive were carried out at the high-voltage switch of VMM-10 (Fig. 13)

Figure 13 Experimental installation.

Also, this chapter defines the inertial resistance of the switch, which is made using the technique represented in the graph-analytical method using the kinematic circuit breaker. The characteristics of the elastic elements are defined. In this case, the design of the oil switch includes several elastic elements that counteract the switching on the switch and allow you to accumulate energy to turn off the switch:

1) Springs acceleration GPU ",

2) Spring shutdown G by ",

31 Elastic strengths created by the springs of contacts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. - №1, 2012. P. 2-3. - Access mode: http: // w \\ v \\ v.ivdon.ru.

Other publications:

2. Pyatsololov, A.A. Development of a drive for high-voltage switches 6 ... 35 sq. "/ Aa P Pshalolov, I.N.Ramazanov, R.F. Yunusov, V.A. Bazhenov // Report on research and development work (x. № gr 018600223428 Liv. №02900034856.-Chelyabinsk: ChimECCh.1990. - P. 89-90.

3. Yunusov, R.F. Development of a linear electric appliance for agricultural purposes. / Comm. Yunusov, I.N. Ramazanov, V.V. Ivanitskaya, V.A. Bazhenov // XXXIII Scientific Conference. Abstracts reports. - Sverdlovsk, 1990, pp. 32-33.

4. Pyatsolol, A.A. Drive of the high voltage oil switch. / Yunusov R.F., Ramazanov, I.N., Bazhenov V.A. // Information sheet No. 91-2. - Tsnti, Chelyabinsk, 1991. P. 3-4.

5. Pyatolov, A.A. Cylindrical linear asynchronous engine. / Yunusov R.F., Ramazanov, I.N., Bazhenov V.A. // Information sheet No. 91-3. - Tsnti, Chelyabinsk, 1991. With. 3-4.

6. Bazhenov, V.A. Select the accumulatory element for the SwB-10 switch. Actual problems of agricultural mechanization: materials of the anniversary scientific-practical conference "Higher agro-ventricular education in Udmurtia - 50 years." / Izhevsk, 2005. P. 23-25.

7. Bazhenov, V.A. Development of an economical oil switch drive. Regional Scientific and Methodological Conference Izhevsk: FGOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA, Izhevsk, 2004. P. 12-14.

8. Bazhenov, V.A. Improving the drive of the oil switch VMM-10. Problems of energy development in conditions of production transformations: Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Faculty of "Electrification and Automation of Agriculture" and the Department "Electrical Technology". Izhevsk 2003, pp. 249-250.

dissertations for the degree of candidate of the technical spider

Delivered in the set_2012. Signed in print 24.04.2012.

Paper Offset headset Times New Roman Format 60x84 / 16. Volume I PEC.L. Circulation 100 copies. Order No. 4187. Publishing House FGBOU BIIO Izhevsk GSHA, Izhevsk, ul. Student. eleven