Home Steering List of trailers and semi-trailers. Brief description of the current situation at the enterprise "tn-remservistransport" Ltd. List of trailers and semi-trailers

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List of trailers and semi-trailers. Brief description of the current situation at the enterprise "tn-remservistransport" Ltd. List of trailers and semi-trailers

Explanatory note

to the course project

DISCIPLINE (MDK)

KP.190631.01.41.MDK01.02.13.PZ

Introduction p.

1. Operating condition

2. Calculation of the annual production program THEN

2.1 Setting standards

2.2. Selection and correction of maintenance frequency 2.3. Selection and correction of mileage to KR

Determination of the weighted average vehicle mileage per cycle

ZIL-431410 KamAZ-5320 MAZ-54331 2.4. Correction of standards for the labor intensity of the unit of TO TR

2.5. Determination of the labor intensity of TO and TR per 1,000 km of run

for road trains

Determination of the average labor intensity of a unit of TO and TR per 1,000 km

2.6. Determination of the coefficient of technical readiness

Determination of vehicle utilization rate and

annual mileage in the park 2.7. Determining the number of services per year

2.8. Calculation of the annual scope of work

Organization of the TO-2 section

3. Labor protection and environment 3.1. Organization of work on labor protection 3.2. Main occupational hazards

3.3. Lighting

3.4. Requirements for technological processes and equipment 3.5. electrical safety

3.6. Fire safety

3.7. Environmental protection

4. Conclusion

5. List of used literature

Operating condition

1. Road surface asphalt, cement concrete;

2. Terrain relief - flat (up to 200 m);

3. Average daily mileage - L cc = km;

4. Natural and climatic conditions - central region;

5. Aggressiveness of the environment - not aggressive;

6. The payroll of the fleet - in accordance with the assignment, transformed into tables 1 and 2.

Table # 1

List of the fleet by car brands and technologically compatible groups

Car Models		A AND	A N	A "C	L CC	∑L F. SR
The main	Given		PC.		thousand km
KamAZ					2566.5
	65115ss				1283.2



Total
MAZ					587.2
					587.2
Total					1174.4
Total

∑Lfsr =	A C ∆rd L CC γ α + A H ∆rd L CC α	(1)
A AND

∆rd-number of working days in a year - 250 days

γ-number of years of operation tr. WITH redist - 5years

α- coefficient V release. - 0.6

A- total number. A therein. P about brands.

An-col. new cars.

As-kol. WITH old cars.

Lcc - average mileage.

Lf.av- actual avg. P run.

Lcc = AcX∆rdX L ssX γ X α +A nX∆rdX L ssX α (2)

Table # 2

List of trailers and semi-trailers

Statistical accounting of the presence, composition and condition of the vehicle fleet

Cars and trailers on the balance sheet of the enterprise, regardless of their technical condition make up the list (inventory) composition. The list number of cars and trailers of each brand can be set at any time according to the time sheet of the vehicle fleet and corresponds to the accounting data.

Before the start of each month, all inventory cars are recorded in the fleet accounting sheet, then for every day conventions for each vehicle, it is noted whether it was on the line or idle with an indication of the reason. Cars delivered to the enterprise within a month are recorded in the report card from the day they are credited to the balance sheet of the enterprise. If the car is disposed of, a corresponding note is made in the report card.

To fill out the timesheet, two types of daily statements are used:

release of cars on the line;
transfer of cars for maintenance and repair; about completed maintenance and repairs, as well as data from direct observations about the reasons for the downtime of vehicles.

After a month at the enterprise, for each car, by car brand and in the whole enterprise, the results of the car-dns are calculated with the allocation car- days in operation (work on the line) and vehicle downtime for various reasons.

The list composition of the vehicle fleet for different dates of the reporting period is not the same, therefore the presence of the fleet is determined for the period as the average listed (daily) number of vehicles (trailers).

Average number of cars(L and) is determined by dividing the total number of car-days of stay at the enterprise (1AD I) for the reporting period by the number of calendar days in the reporting period (D k):

The average number of cars (trailers) is calculated per month by car brands (the calculation is carried out with an accuracy of 0.1 car).

The method for calculating the average number of cars for the quarter and year is the same. Usually they are calculated according to the data on the average headcount for each month as the arithmetic mean, weighted by the number of calendar days of each month.

To characterize the dynamics of the number of the vehicle fleet, the usual indicators of dynamics are used.

The composition of the vehicle fleet of the enterprise is characterized by the presence trucks different brands with different carrying capacity, buses with different capacities. Therefore, indicators are calculated that reflect the total carrying capacity of trucks and the total passenger capacity of the bus fleet.

The fleet of trucks determines:

- car-ton-days at the enterprise(? ATD I), which is the sum of the products of the number of car-days at the enterprise for each brand of trucks (AD I) by the nominal carrying capacity in tons of a car of this brand (s), i.e.

Average payload of the listed vehicle:

- car-ton-days of operation(1ATD E), which are defined as the product of the number of car-days of work (1AD E) by the average carrying capacity in tons of the listed car:

The calculation of these indicators is carried out according to the table. 5.9.

Table 5.9

The composition of the car park for the 1st quarter

The number of car-ton-days at the enterprise was:

- January - 1ATD I = 1560 8.0 + 840 12.0 = 22560;
- February - 1ATD I = 1700 8.0 + 830? 12.0 = 22560;
- March - 1ATD I '= 1900 8.0 + 1000? 12.0 = 27200.

Average payload of the listed vehicle:

Change in the average payload of the listed vehicle in February and March compared to January:

those. in February, the average lifting capacity decreased by 1.0%, and in March - by 0.2%.

The change in the number of the park is presented in table. 5.10.

From the data table. 5.10 shows that in February compared to January, the car park increased by 13 units, or 16.8%, in March, the park increased by 16.1 units, which is 20.8%.

For the bus fleet the following is calculated:

- car-place-days of stay at the enterprise(1АМД И), which are defined as the sum of the products of the number of cars-days at the enterprise for each brand of buses (АД И) by the capacity (according to the total number of seats) of a bus of this brand (B and), i.e.

Average passenger capacity of a scheduled bus:

Technical condition of the car park characterized by the coefficient of technical readiness (a t), which is the proportion of vehicles in good technical condition (1AD TI) in the total total of the car-days spent at the enterprise (1AD I), i.e.

where 1АД ТН is the number of car-days in a technically faulty condition.

The total number of car-days of the rolling stock being in a technically sound condition is the sum of the number of car-days of work and the number of car-days of downtime in a technically sound condition, that is, downtime for operational reasons (lack of cargo, driver, holidays and weekends, off-road and etc.)

The information required to study the technical condition of the fleet is contained in the vehicle fleet report card, on the basis of which the balance of vehicle-days at the enterprise is built.

The calculation of the technical readiness indicator is illustrated by the example of table. 5.11.

Table 5.11

Balance car-days for September

* On weekends car park not used for transportation.

The presence of relative values in the balance (the specific weight of each element in the overall total of the automobiles) makes it possible to compare with previous periods and identify the most important reasons for downtime.

Average number of cars in September

Park technical readiness factor

Performance and vehicle fleet utilization rates

The primary document for the accounting of the work of trucks is the waybill. To obtain the final performance indicators for car brands and in general for the entire fleet, a mechanized summary of waybills is performed.

The composition of the performance indicators of trucks is presented in table. 5.12, buses - in table. 5.13. Signs "+" and "-" indicate indicators that are or are not contained in the waybills.

Table 5.12

Composition of performance indicators of trucks

Table 5.13

* These indicators are obtained for the reporting period by calculation, they are not put on each waybill.

Composition of bus performance indicators

Indicators	Conditional	Type of buses
Indicators	designations	route (piecework)	customized (timephased)
1. Car-days of work (operation)
2. Car-watch outfit
including in motion
3. Total mileage
including useful (along the route)
4. Passengers transported
5. The volume of transport work (passenger turnover)

* These indicators are obtained for the reporting period by calculation, they are not recorded in each waybill.

Based waybill The following performance indicators are set for a taxi car:

a) car-days of work (operation) - AD E;
b) a car-watch in a dress - АЧН;
c) total mileage - L Q, including useful (mileage along the route) - L n -
d) the amount of income (proceeds) - B.

For vehicle usage characteristics indicators of three groups are used: extensive, intensive and generalizing.

To indicators of extensive use of cars

include: the production rate of vehicles per line (fleet utilization rate), the average number of days of operation of the listed vehicle and the average daily duration of the vehicle's stay on the order. These indicators of extensive use are universal, as they characterize the use of cars in all types of transportation - freight, bus, taxi.

Car production rate per line(a) represents the proportion of car-days of work (1AD E) in the total total of car-days of stay at the enterprise (HAD I), i.e.

The output factor calculated in this way does not take into account the mode of operation of the motor transport enterprise. All other things being equal, it will be significantly lower for enterprises operating on a continuous week than in enterprises operating on a continuous week. Therefore, along with this indicator, the coefficient of car production per line on working days is calculated.

where 1АДи - car-days of stay of cars at the enterprise on working days of the reporting period.

Average number of work days listed car in the reporting period:

where A and - the average number of cars in the reporting period.

Average daily length of stay of the car in the order (T n) reflects the degree of use of time during the day and is determined by dividing the total number of car-hours spent in the order (HACH N) by the number of car-days of work (HAD E), i.e.

To indicators of intensive car use include: the average daily mileage of the car, the utilization rate of the mileage, the utilization rate of the carrying capacity (passenger capacity), average speed movement.

Average daily car mileage(cargo, bus, taxi) (L c) is determined by dividing the total mileage of cars (X /. 0) by the number of car-days of work (XAD E):

Mileage utilization rate (p) characterizes the share of the productive mileage in the total mileage. It is calculated using the following formulas:

a) piece-rate trucks

where And r- mileage of vehicles with cargo for the reporting period;

Xl 0 - total vehicle mileage for the reporting period.

For time-based trucks (3 not defined;

b) shuttle buses

where Z L n - mileage of buses on routes (useful mileage); 1L Q- the total mileage of buses.

For custom buses, 3 ns is determined;

c) for passenger taxis

where 1 /. P] - paid mileage for the reporting period;

d) for route taxis

where I L M- total mileage on routes for the reporting period.

The payload utilization factor is calculated for piece-work trucks (y). It characterizes the use of their rated carrying capacity and is the ratio of the number of tonne-kilometers actually performed (I R) and the number of tonne-kilometers that could be fulfilled for the loaded mileage of vehicles with full use their carrying capacity l (IZ. r)? and], ie.

where ZZ, r is the total laden vehicle mileage;

Chts _ the average carrying capacity of the listed vehicle, i.e.

The passenger capacity utilization factor is determined for shuttle buses (filling factor) as the ratio of the actual passenger turnover in passenger-kilo insurance (1PKM f) and the passenger turnover, which can be with full use of the rolling stock capacity (1PKM B):

where IL n is the total useful mileage of buses;

in and - the average capacity of the scheduled bus.

The average vehicle speed is the distance (in kilometers) traveled by the vehicle on average per unit of time (hour).

For piece-rate trucks the average technical and average commercial (operating) speed is calculated, for time-based trucks - the average commercial speed. The average commercial speed is also calculated for charter buses and taxis. For shuttle buses, the average communication speed is determined.

Average technical speed (K t) is the number of kilometers traveled per 1 hour of vehicle movement, i.e.

The average commercial speed (K k) is the number of kilometers per 1 hour of staying in the order:

For shuttle buses, the average speed of communication is calculated by dividing the total value useful mileage(1 /. P) by car - hours of movement on the line (1АЧ Д):

Generalizing indicators of vehicle use are performance indicators.

For trucks (piece-rate and time-based), performance indicators (average output) are calculated in ton-kilometers per car-ton-hour of a job, per car-ton-day of work, per one scheduled car-ton.

Performance per vehicle-ton-hour of order

(P pm) calculated by dividing the number of tonne-kilometers performed (IP) for the number of car-ton-hours of the order (HATCH N):

where 1ТЧ „= (1АЧ Н) q w

Performance per vehicle-ton-day of work

(P td) is calculated by dividing the number of tonne-kilometers performed (I R) for the number of car-ton-days of work (1ATD E):

where 1ATD E = (1AD E) q w

Performance per listed vehicle-ton

(Rdt) is established by dividing the number of tonne-kilometers performed (IP) by the number of scheduled vehicle-tons (IAT):

And and - the average number of cars.

Each of these indicators has an independent meaning, reflecting the influence of various factors on the final result of the work of road transport enterprises.

There is a functional relationship between the performance indicators of cars, which can be represented by the following models:

where T and - the average daily duration of stay of the car in the order;

D is the average number of days of work per one listed car, determined by dividing the total number of car-days of work (1AD E) by the average listed number of cars (A and):

Using the index method, it is possible to identify the influence of various factors on the change in the productivity of trucks, as well as on the change overall result rolling stock work - cargo turnover. This analysis is the basis for identifying unused reserves and developing organizational and technical measures to mobilize them.

In accordance with the available information, a different number of factors can be included in the freight turnover formation model, since it is obtained by sequentially dividing the factor into its components.

For piece-rate trucks, the number of factors affecting the amount of cargo turnover can be increased, since for them

where y is the coefficient of using the carrying capacity;

(3 - mileage utilization factor;

V K is the average commercial vehicle speed.

Consequently, for piece-rate trucks, the detailed model of the formation of cargo turnover has the form:

where y "3" is the number of ton-kilometers performed per one ton of load _ _ lifting per hour of work;

at? 3 "* k't n - the number of ton-kilometers performed per one ton of cargo _ _ _ lifting ™ per day of work;

Y? 3 * k't n'de - the number of ton-kilometers performed per one ton of carrying capacity for the entire reporting period;

have P? K to? T n D e q H- the number of ton-kilometers carried out during the reporting period by one _____ listed vehicle;

Y 3 Do k? T n D e q H? And and - the total volume of cargo turnover performed by the entire fleet of trucks during the reporting period.

When writing a model of the effective indicator (cargo turnover), the correct location of the factors is ensured; increasing the chain of factors by one factor will give an indicator that has real economic meaning. This allows the use of a sequential-chain index method to calculate the relative and absolute change in cargo turnover due to individual factors.

The change in cargo turnover is determined by the following indices:

When using the five-factor model:

When using the seven-factor model:

The method for calculating the absolute change in cargo turnover due to each factor is presented in table. 5.16.

For buses (fixed-route and ordered), the performance is calculated in passenger-kilometers per vehicle-seat.

one hundred-hour order (pkMmch), for one car-place-day of work (pkMmd)> for one list car-place (pkMlm).

The calculation of performance indicators of buses is made according to the following formulas:

where 1PKM is the total number of passenger-kilometers for the reporting period;

1АМЧ И - the total number of car-seat-hours in the outfit (1АМЧ Н = (1АЧ Н)? In „);
1AMD E - the total number of car-seat-days of operation (1AMD E = (1AD E) in and);

IAM - the total number of listed car-seats (IAM = = in „? A and).

The functional dependence between performance indicators is recorded by the following models:

The total volume of transport work (1PCM) can be represented by the following models:

where PKM mch T n - passenger-kilometers performed

for one passenger seat per day;

PKM mch T n D e-passenger-kilometers performed per passenger-seat during the reporting period;

PKM mch T n? D e in and - passenger-kilometers performed during the reporting period by one scheduled bus;

PKM mch T n D e v and A i - the total volume of transport work performed (the total number of passenger-kilometers performed during the reporting period).

The above models are used to identify the influence of factors on the change in the volume of transport work.

For taxi cars(route and passenger) performance is calculated in passenger-kilo insurance:

on one car-tea of the order - PKM CH = 1PKM: HACH N;

for one car-day of work - PKM D = 1PKM: 1AD E;

for one list car - PKM D = 1PK.M: A and.

The relationship between performance indicators is as follows:

where D e = (1AD E): A and.

Table 5.14 presents the reporting data on the freight motor transport company for two months, on the basis of which the dynamics of the indicators of vehicle use and the absolute change in cargo turnover due to individual factors are characterized.

Table 5.14

Performance indicators of piece-rate trucks

Indicator	Conditional designations	Indicator level
Indicator	Conditional designations
1. Car-days of stay at the enterprise, including at work	1AD N	13640 10912	14840 12614
2. Car-ton-days of stay at the enterprise, including at work	1ATD „ 1ATD,	122760 98208	163240 138754
3. Car-watch in the outfit - total including in motion	1АЧ N 1АЧ D	109120 67654	132447 79336
4. Total mileage, thousand km
including with cargo
5. Freight turnover, thousand t-km

The dynamics of the indicators of the use of cargo piece-rate vehicles is presented in table. 5.15.

The change in cargo turnover for the enterprise is determined by the index:

To determine the influence of factors on the change in cargo turnover, the sequential-chain index method is used, since the required sequence of the location of the factors is provided when writing the model of the effective indicator.

The absolute change in cargo turnover due to individual factors is determined in table. 5.16.

The total value of the absolute change in cargo turnover due to all factors was:

which corresponds to the actual change (13183.3 - 9035.1).

The presence and use of the vehicle fleet is reflected in the statistical reporting forms No. 3-vehicles (annual) and No. 1-tr (vehicles, annual).

Form No. 3-autotrans (annual) "Information on the availability and use of road transport»Characterizes admission cars per year, including new ones, disposal, including in connection with rejection, Availability cars at the end of the reporting year. For trucks, these data are given as a total, for buses - with a subdivision by brands and modifications. To assess the use of the truck fleet, the following data are given: car-days at the enterprise, including at work, idle, repair and waiting, idle in a technically sound condition; car-ton-days at the enterprise, car-hours on duty, total mileage, including with cargo. A similar composition of indicators is given for operational passenger transport, with the allocation of indicators for shuttle buses and passenger taxis.

Dynamics of indicators of the use of trucks

Indicator name	Indicator level
I. Extensive indicators
1. Coefficient of production of cars per line
2. Average number of days of operation of the listed car Лэ- ™ 3	De n= - = 24.8 days 440,0 7 13640 l. A And a ~ 31 "440.0 aut.	P 12614 03 o Te,= - = 23.8days A 530,0 7 13640 LLS A A AND X ~ 31 -440.0 aut.
3. Average daily length of stay of the car in the order: T n = ZA4 H: EAD E,	109120. to Tn,= - = 10.0 h. n ° 10912	g 132447 mkT n\| = - = 10.5 h.
II. Intensive indicators
1. Average daily mileage T _ ^0 WITH ЪАДэ	L (-= - = 165.5 km	g 2043500 1G „p Lr= - = 162.0 km

2. The utilization rate of mileage	p 0 = = 0.50 and 1805.9	1! 85.2 _о 58 2043.4
3. Coefficient of utilization of lifting capacity (IL r) " H EATD I - V d p ? HELL AND		SCH 14840
4. Average technical speed	V T= - = 26.69 km / h	V Tt= - = 25.76 kmA
5. Average commercial speed	f - 1805900 „„, = - = 16.55 km / h 4 109120	F K \| = - = 15.43 km / 1
III. Summary indicators
1. Productivity per vehicle-ton-hour of order 14 EATCH N 1ATCH N = (1АЧ N)? q H	P 9035100 PM ° ~ 109 120 9.0 ~ = 9.20 tkm	- 13183300 TM \| “132 447 -11.0 _ - 9.05 tkm

Continuation

Absolute change in cargo turnover

Factor name	Absolute change in cargo turnover

Load capacity utilization factor	Ap = (Yi _ Yo) "Pi v Ki T Hl Da1 BOX Ats, = = (1,01 - 1,11) ? 0,58 15,43 ? 10,5 23,8 11,0 ? 530,0 = -13(
Coefficient of mileage	d p -Yo "fPl _ Ro)" Ch Tn, -De, - * u, Ac, = 1,11 ? (0,58 - 0,50) ? 15,43 10,5 23,8 11,0 ? 530,0 = 1996
Average commercial speed	Dr k = That "Ro? -Gko) Tn, -De, With! X'Ats, = 1,11 0,50 (15,43 - 16,55) 10,5 ? 23,8 11,0 530,0 = -9(
Average daily length of stay in the outfit	Ar "= That" Ro -Kko-rn, -T No) -De, -7i, ’Ats, = 1,11 0,50 16,55 ? (10,5 - 10,0) 23,8 11,0 530,0 = 637,:
Average number of days a listed car has been operating	Dr "-To-Ro-bo’ H - (De, _ De 0) "CH Ai, = 1,11 0,50 16,55 10,0 (23,8 - 24,8) 11,0 530,0 = -535
Average payload of the listed vehicle	Ap N = Yo Po (, K 0 CH Te 0 (7i, - 7io) "Ats! = 1,11 ? 0,50 ? 16,55 10,0 ? 24,8 (11,0-9,0) 530,0 = 2414,(
Average number of cars	Ar n = Yo -RoLo Ch-Deo 7io "(Au 1 - A Io) = 1,11 ? 0,50 ? 16,55 10,0 ? 24,8 9,0 (530,0 - 440,0) = 1845

In the same form, the grouping of trucks on the balance sheet of the enterprise is given by body structure and carrying capacity at the end of the year, as well as the grouping of cars (trucks, buses, cars) by types of fuel used.

Form No. 1-tr(road transport, annual) "Information about road transport and the length of departmental and private roads" contains data on the availability of certain types of rolling stock (trucks, buses, special cars) at the end of the year, including technically sound ones, as well as the grouping of rolling stock according to the time of their stay in operation. The same form contains data on freight traffic: transported cargo, freight turnover.

thesis

2.1.1.1 Scheduled rolling stock by make and model

Table 8 - Trucks

Basic model	Capacity type	Number of vehicles
			Dump trucks	Semitrailer tractors	Specialist. comp
		Solitary	With trailer
	Very big
	Very big
	Average load
	Average load

Table 9 - Passenger cars.

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Dismantling the engine

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Cargo must be delivered to cargo spaces in such a way as to avoid deformation or other damage to individual cargo items. As a rule, loading is carried out using special platforms ...

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The mechanical equipment of the trolleybus consists of a chassis with a power transmission, spring or air suspension, In front of them rear axle and steering, bodywork, braking equipment mechanically or pneumatically driven ...

Development of an international route for the transportation of goods

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Reconstruction of the tire section in the ATP LLC "Promtrans"

In accordance with the theme of the diploma design (project for the reconstruction of a tire section for 140 GAZ-3307 ...

The system of technical maintenance and repair of cars at the enterprise (branch "Bus fleet No. 2")

The characteristics of the vehicle fleet by brands of rolling stock are presented in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 - Characteristics of the vehicle fleet by brands of rolling stock Brand Quantity Including by age ...

Today MUPP "Saratovgorelectrotrans" has a rolling stock, which includes: 1. Kirov trolleybus depot, which serves such routes as: No. 1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 15, 16; 2. Kirov tram depot - routes No. 3, 4, 6, 11; 3 ...

Improving the organization of passenger transportation on routes served by the MUPP "Saratovgorelectrotrans"

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