Enterprises work on the development of technological equipment for the maintenance and repair of the fleet. Serviceing companies often cooperate with manufacturers and are not only serving enterprises, but also dealers of a particular plant. In the maintenance and repair of foreign cars, there was an obvious promotion towards improving the quality. Our auto mechanics are trained in the maintenance and repair of cars at the company's corporate stations.

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Introduction

working areas TO-2

TO-2

3 Calculation of the cost of zone TO-2

5 Conclusions

Literature

Introduction

The motor transport system of Russia will be increasingly integrated into the European and global transport system. Specific moments favorable for Russian carriers should be the development of the domestic enterprises of modern methods of maintenance and repair of road transport.

Today, about 65% of trucks are subject to write-off. The country's park is replenished mainly by car overseas production, therefore enterprises of maintenance and repair of cars begin to increase volumes and look for new methods of work. Service enterprises have to create a new technical base for new cars.

Enterprises work on the development of technological equipment for the maintenance and repair of the fleet. Serviceing companies often cooperate with manufacturers and are not only serving enterprises, but also dealers of a particular plant. In the maintenance and repair of foreign cars, there was an obvious promotion towards improving the quality. Our auto mechanics are trained in the maintenance and repair of cars at corporate service stations, thereby increasing our level of maintenance of foreign cars.

Currently, the question of technical re-equipment of ATP and STR who carry out maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of road transport is currently relevant.

This paper discusses the issues of the appropriate reconstruction of the Zone-2 area.

1 Calculation of the actual labor-intensity of the work of the Zone-2

1.1 Characteristics of works performed in Zone TO-2

In this area, fasteners and adjustment works are mainly performed. The list of works is presented in Table 1.

Table 1 - Name of Works Zone

Name of works	Specific job%
Diagnostic
Adjusting
Lubricant-filling
Fasteners
Electrotechnical
Tine
TOTAL

1.2 Organization of the work zone TO-2

Zone TO-2 works in 3 shifts, the duration of each 8 hours. The first shift begins at 8:00 and ends at 16:00, the second shift begins at 16:00 and ends at 00:00, the third shift begins at 00:00 and ends at 8:00. Break for recreation and nutrition is available during working hours.

Work in the zone is carried out by an aggregate-zonal method, the essence of which is to carry out repair and maintenance in individual posts, specialized in separate car units.

The disadvantage of the organization of the work of Zone-2 can be attributed to the non-optimal version of the equipment selection and its arrangement.

1.3 Events for the reconstruction of the Zone Zone-2

To eliminate the marked deficiencies, we use new, more productive equipment, we use new forms of labor organization, provide repair workers with a necessary tool and adaptations.

The list of equipment implemented Zone-2 equipment is presented in Table 2.

Table 2 - Additional equipment introduced into the zone

In rubles

equipment identification	Type (model)	Number, units.	Price	total cost
Gaikovert.	Rotake RT-5880		16200	16200
Solidallophal	ATIS HG-68213		12000	12000

A possible reduction in the complexity of work is accepted in accordance with the data of Tables 2 and the methodological directions of athem.

The results of the reduction are present in Table 3.

Table 3 - Reducing the complexity of the zone

Name of works	Percentage of abbreviation
Diagnostic
Adjusting
Lubricant-filling
Fasteners
Electrotechnical
Power supply systems
Tine

1.4 Calculation of the actual labor-intensity of the work of the Zone-2

To calculate the actual labor-intensity of work, we use data tables 1, 2, 3; Methodical instructions of Athemk and calculation results are present in Table 4.

Table 4 - labor-intensity of the work of Zone TO-2

Name of works	Specific weight of work,%	Labor-intensity of project work (after rivers), people. C.	Reduction of labor complexities,%	The complexity of the work is actual (to rivers), people. C.	Labor intensity per 1000 km run, people. C.
										up to the Prison Promoter	after the reunion of the prison
Diagnostic		2979,4		2979,4	0,221	0,221
Adjusting		4469,1		4469,1	0,332	0,332
Lubricant-filling		4469,1		5257,76	0,390	0,332
Fasteners		10427,9		13034,87	0,968	0,774
Electrotechnical		2979,4		2979,4	0,221	0,221
Power supply systems		2979,4		2979,4	0,221	0,221
Tine		1489,7		1655,22	0,123	0,111
TOTAL		29794		33355,15	2,476	2,212

kM

2 Calculation of the Work Plan and Repair Repair Fund

working areas TO-2

2.1 Calculation of the Annual Overcast Fund of the Auto Saler

Calculation of the annual working hours of the autoslemer, h, carried out by the formula

, (1)

where - the number of calendar days a year, day;

- Number of weekend days, day;

- Number of holidays, day;

- the number of days of the main vacation, day;

- the number of days of additional vacation, day;

- the number of days of the nebid to work on illness, day;

- the number of days of the neboda to work due to

fulfillment of state duties, DN;

- the duration of the work shift, h;

- the number of prehending days subject to

reduction, day;

- the number of pre-holiday days, day;

- the number of pre-holiday coincidences and

prestress days with holidays, day;

- the time of reduction of pre-holiday and prestigious

days, ch

We accept in accordance with the mode of operation of the zone:

dN;

dN;

dN;

dN;

dN;

dN;

dN;

dN;

dN;

dN;

2.2 Calculation of the number of repair work areas

Calculation of the number of repair work areas, people, carried out by the formula

, (2)

where is the complexity of works performed in the zone, people;

- Annual flow of working time Salemale, h.

The calculation of the number of repair work areas is presented in Table 5.

Table 5 - Calculation of the number of repair workers

Name of the indicator	The value of the indicator
		before reconstruction	after reconstruction
Number of repair workers

2.3 Distribution of repair workers on discharges

The distribution of repair workers on discharges is presented in Table 6.

Table 6 - level of qualification of repair workers zones

Name of works	Total laboriousness of works, people C.		Number of repair workers, people		Discharge
		before reconstruction	after reconstruction	before reconstruction	after reconstruction	before reconstruction	after reconstruction
Diagnostic	2979,4	2979,4	1,85	1,65
Adjusting	4469,1	4469,1	2,775	2,475
Lubricant-filling	5257,76	4469,1	2,775	2,475
Fasteners	13034,87	10427,9	6,475	5,775
Electrotechnical	2979,4	2979,4	1,85	1,65
Power supply systems	2979,4	2979,4	1,85	1,65
Tine	1655,22	1489,7	0,925	0,825
TOTAL	33355,15	29794	18,5	16,5

2.4 Calculation of the General Fund for Repair Working Areas

TO-2

The general fund for remuneration of repair workers Zones TO-2 consists of wages at the rate, award and additional wages. The calculation of the average discharge of the repair work area is carried out by the formula

, (3)

where - the discharge number of the corresponding type of work;

- Number of working relevant discharge, people.

Calculation of the medium-hour tariff rate of the repair work area TO-2, rub., Is carried out by the formula

, (4)

where is the hour tariff rate repair work

appropriate discharge, rub.;

- coefficient that takes into account the presence of harmful working conditions in the zone.

We accept:

rub.;

rub.;

rub.;

rub.;

rub.;

Calculation of tariff wages of repair work areas, rub., Is carried out by the formula

. (5)

Calculation of extra charges for the leadership of the brigade, rub., Is determined by the formula

, (6)

where is the hour tariff rate of the brigadier, rubles;

- The regulatory fund of the operating time of the car mechanic for

month, h;

- the number of brigadiers (brigadiers);

- Percentage of surcharge for the leadership of the brigade.

We accept:

Calculation of surcharge repair workers for work in the evening (night) time, rub., Is carried out by the formula

, (7)

where is the opening hours in the evening (night) shift;

- Percentage of surcharge for work in the evening (night)

shift.

We accept:

18.00-22.00 - evening;

22.00-06.00 - Night time.

Calculation of the premium repair workers paid from the wage fund, rub., Is carried out by the formula

, (8)

where is the percentage of premium.

We accept:

Calculation of the main fund of remuneration of repair work areas, rub., Is carried out by the formula

. (9)

The calculation of the percentage of additional wages,%, is carried out by the formula

, (10)

where - the percentage of additional wages for the period

performance of state duties.

Calculation of an additional fund of remuneration of repair work areas, rub., Is carried out by the formula

. (11)

Calculation of the general fund of remuneration of repair work areas, rub., Is carried out by the formula

. (12)

Calculations of indicators are presented in Table 7.

Table 7 - Calculation of the General Repair Fund for Repair Working Areas

Name of the indicator	The value of the indicator
		before reconstruction	after reconstruction
Medium discharge repair work area
Mid-hour tariff rate repair work area
Wages at the tariff of repair workers zones

Continuation of Table 7.

Supplement for the leadership of the brigade
Surcharge for work in the evening and night
Prize repair work areas
Main Fund for remuneration of repair work areas
Additional wage percentage
Additional Fund for Whether Repair Working Areas

3 Calculation of the cost of zone TO-2

The costs of the T-2 zone consist of wages of repair workers, accruals on it, costs for spare parts, repair materials and overhead costs.

Calculation of mandatory insurance premiums, rub., Is carried out by the formula

, (13)

where is the percentage of mandatory insurance premiums and deductions

in accident Insurance Fund, rub.

We accept:

Calculation of costs for spare parts, rub., Is carried out by the formula

, (14)

where is the cost of expenses for spare parts for a thousand km run, rub.;

- coefficient taking into account categories of conditions

operation of rolling stock;

- coefficient taking into account the modification of mobile

composition;

- coefficient taking into account the natural climatic

conditions of operation of rolling stock;

- the percentage of labor intensity of work on the current repairs,

performed in the zone;

- Price index.

We accept:

Kraz 6510.	ZIL 431410.
rub.	rub.

Calculation of the cost of materials, rub., Is carried out by the formula

, (15)

where - the rate of costs for materials for a thousand km run by

appropriate impact type, rub.;

- the percentage of labor intensity of work on the second technical

maintenance performed in the zone.

We accept:

Kraz 6510.	ZIL 431410.
rub.	rub.
rub.	rub.

Calculation of overhead, rub., Is carried out by the formula

, (16)

where - the enlarged percentage of the overhead costs of ATP.

We accept:

Calculations of the cost of the cost of the zone are presented in Table 8.

Table 8 - Estimation costs

Name of the indicator	The value of the indicator
		before reconstruction		after reconstruction
General Fund for remuneration of repair work areas
Accrual for wages (mandatory insurance premiums and deductions to the accident insurance fund)
Spare Parts
Repair materials costs
Overheads

3.1 Calculation of cost calculation

The cost of the work of the zone is calculated by all the costs of the cost of a thousand kilometers of the mileage.

Calculation of cost calculation is presented in Table 9.

Table 9 - Cost Calculation

Type of costs	Amount cost		Costs of 1000 km run
		before reconstruction	after reconstruction	before reconstruction	after reconstruction
General Fund for remuneration of repair work areas			419,15	370,90
Payroll			127,00	112,38
Spare Parts			51,40	51,40
Material costs			73,28	73,28
Overheads			310,17	274,46
TOTAL

kM

4 Calculation of technical and economic indicators of the area of \u200b\u200bthe zone

TO-2

Technical and economic indicators characterize the results of the reconstruction of the zone.

Calculation of productivity of repair work areas, thousandkm / person, carried out by the formula

. (17)

Calculation of the average monthly salary of repair work areas, rub., Is carried out by the formula

. (18)

Calculation of the cost of annual current costs (cost), rub., Is carried out by the formula

. (19)

Calculation of the payback period of additional investment, years, is carried out by the formula

, (20)

where - additional capital investments (cost

embedded equipment), rub ..

Calculation of the savings of the reduced annual costs, rubles, carried out by the formula

, (21)

where - the regulatory value of the economic coefficient

the effectiveness of investment.

We accept:

The calculation of the indicators is presented in Table 10.

Table 10 - Technical and Economic Indicators

Name of the indicator	The value of the indicator
		before reconstruction	after reconstruction
Productivity of the repair work area
The average monthly salary of the repair work area
Saving annual current costs (cost)
Capital investment payback period
Saving reduced annual costs

4.1 Calculation of deviations of technical and economic indicators

The calculation of deviations in terms of indicators obtained as a result of the reconstruction of the zone is presented in Table 11.

Table 11 - deviations of technical and economic indicators

Name of the indicator	The value of the indicator		Deviation of the indicator
		before reconstruction	after reconstruction	absolute	relative,%
Common car mileage, km	13467624	13467624
The number of repair workers, people.	18,5	16,5		10,8

Continuation of table 11.

Labor productivity repair work areas	728,0	816,2	88,2	12,1
Average monthly salary repair work areas, rub.	25427,63	25227,91	199,72
The payback period of investment, years (year)		0,02
Saving current annual costs (cost), rub.		1327558,76
Saving given annual costs, rub.		1323328,76

5 Conclusions

As a result of the introduction in the Zone-2 of additional equipment, the value of the following indicators has changed:

- the number of repair workers has decreased from 18.5 to 16.5 people;

- The average monthly salary of the repair workflow decreased from 25427.63 to 25227.91 rubles;

- labor productivity of the repair work increased by 88.24 thousand km / person;

- additional equipment introduced into the Zone-2 zone will pay off in 0.02 years;

– savings of the annual current costs amounted to 13,27558.76 rubles, and the savings of the current costs were 13,23328.76 rubles.

The above data allow us to conclude about the feasibility of the reconstruction of the Zone-2 zone.

Literature

Kononova, G.A. Economy of road transport Text  : Tutorial for students of universities / A.G.Budrin, E.V. Budrina,

MG Grigoryan et al.; Ed. G.A. Kononova. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2005. - 320 p. - 4000 copies. -ISBN. 5-7695-2195 - 3 (in per.).

Position on the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of automobile transport. - M.: Transport, 1988.

Lioning, A.A. Economy Industry (road transport) Text  : A tutorial for students of universities / A.A.Razdvnoye. - M.: RiOR 2009. - 316 p. - 2000 copies. -ISBN. 978-5-369-00509-5 (in per.).

Turchevsky, I.S. Economics and motor transport enterprise Text  : Tutorial for students of secondary vocational education institutions / I.Storevsky - M.: Higher School, 2005. - 222 C.: IL. - 3000 copies. -ISBN 5-06-005102-1.

Ulitsky, M.P. Organization, planning and management in motor vehicles Text  : Tutorial for students of higher educational institutions / M.P. Yulitsky - M.: Transport, 1994. - 328 p. - 3500 copies. -ISBN 5-277-01039-4.

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Federal Agency for Education GOU SPO

Rubtsovsky Machine-building technical school

COURSE WORK

Topic: "Technological calculation of the Zone-1 zone for ATP, consisting of 210 VAZ-21102 cars with actual mileage from the beginning of operation of 242 thousand km.

Performed: student c. 9To-06.

Zaika E.S.

gornyak 2009

Introduction

1. Research part

1.2 Characteristics of Zone T-1

2. Estimated part

2.1.1 Selection of source data

2.1.3 Run adjustment to TO-2 and TR

2.1.9 Annual Mileage

2.7 Calculation of Production Square

3. Organizational part

3.1 ATP organization

4.2 Security Requirements at the same repair

4.5 Measures of electrical safety

4.6 Calculation of the lighting of the site

4.7 Ventilation calculation

Conclusion

Introduction

The car is the most common mechanical vehicle in the modern world. The appearance of an internal combustion engine, light, compact and relatively powerful, opened ample opportunities for the car. And in 1885, the German inventor of Daimler created the first motorcycle with a gasoline engine, and in 1886 the German inventor K. Benz patented a three-wheeled car. Industrial production of cars in Europe began, and in 1892 the American inventor of Ford built a conveyor assembly car. In Russia, cars began to collect in 1890 from imported details at the mills and to 0 factories. In 1908, the assembly of Rus-SO-Balt cars began at the Russian-Baltic Wagon Plant in Riga, first from imported parts, and then from the details of domestic production. However, the beginning of the domestic automotive is considered to be 1924, when at the IMO factory (now ZIL - Moscow Likhachev plant) were manufactured by the first domestic freight 1.5-tons of AMO-F engine with a capacity of 30 liters. from.

In 1927, the first domestic new car was appeared - 1 with an engine with a capacity of 18.5 hp. With the introduction of the Gorky Automobile Plant in 1932, the intensive development of domestic automotive industry began. The large breakthrough in the production of domestic passenger cars was the commissioning of the Volga Automobile Plant (VAZ, 1970) and Kama Automobile Plant (KAMAZ, 1976) for the production of trucks.

Currently, there is an intensive improvement in vehicle designs, an increase in their reliability and productivity, a decrease in operating costs, an increase in all types of security. A more frequent update of the models manufactured, giving them higher consumer qualities that meet modern requirements.

Car repair is an objective necessity, which is due to technical and economic reasons.

First, the needs of the national economy in cars are partially satisfied by the operation of renovated cars.

Secondly, the repair ensures further use of those elements of cars that are not completely worn out. As a result, a significant amount of last labor is maintained.

Thirdly, the repair contributes to savings and materials going to the manufacture of new cars. When restoring parts, the metal consumption is 20 ... 30 times lower than with their manufacture.

Automatic production, having received significant development, does not fully fully implement its potential opportunities. According to its effectiveness, the organizational and technical level it is still lagging behind the main production - automotive industry. Repair quality remains low, the cost is high, the level of mechanization reaches only 25 ... 40%, as a result of which labor productivity is two times lower than in the automotive industry. Auto repair and motor vehicles are equipped mainly by universal equipment of a large degree of worn out and low accuracy. These negative aspects of the current state of auto repair and determine the ways of its development.

Analysis, calculations and practices show that the structure of the repair base of road transport must consist of enterprises of three types that correspond to the level of technological complexity of the repair work performed:

ATP workshops performing small current repairs without disassembling aggregates;

Without the centralized most complex current repairs associated with the development of the unit to replace the nodes;

Plants for the overhaul of aggregates, the organizational basis of which should be not an impersonal repair method.

In this course project, we carry out the calculation of the T-1 zone in a motor transport company and make an analysis of organizational work. As well as the analysis of works on TB in Zone TO-1.

1. Research part

1.1 Characteristics of the automotive enterprise

The importance of road transport in the development of production improvement increases. Special attention is paid to improving the quality of maintenance and current repairs - one of the most important conditions for the right use and technical readiness of cars, a decrease in repair and operating costs.

Repair under ATP Could be carried out in the presence of qualified repair personnel, the necessary equipment and spare parts.

This ATP is located in Barnoule, engaged in transportation of passengers. This company contains 210 car brand VAZ-21102. The company hosts all types of repair.

The ATP is monitored for the quality of maintenance and repair, as well as to fulfill the safety requirements for the technical condition of the vehicles and the application of the methods of their verification in accordance with the current state standards and other regulatory and technical documents. Take measures on the rational distribution of rolling stock, spare parts, operational materials, equipment and equipment necessary for timely and qualitative implementation of maintenance and repair.

To maintain car park in good condition and ensuring the required technical readiness, the company has a complex of departments for maintenance and repair, which includes the necessary buildings, structures and equipment. The complex of repair units includes the designer zone of T-1.

1.2 Characteristics of Zone T-1

Zone T-1 is designed to carry out car maintenance, as well as for car repair and ensuring the working state of rolling stock with the restoration of its individual units, nodes and parts that have reached the limit state. Under that, understand the combination of operations (adjustment, lubricants, fasteners), the purpose of which to prevent the occurrence of faults (increase reliability) and reduce the wear of parts (increase the durability), and, therefore, to maintain a car in a state of constant technical readiness and serviceability.

Zone T-1 works on a five-day work week in one shift from 8-00 to 17-00 with a break for lunch from 12-00 to 13-00.

Development of a project Zone-1 for a car park is of great importance, and the choice and placement of equipment are made on the basis of the technological process of the overhaul of VAZ-21102 cars.

2. Estimated part

2.1 Calculation of the annual production program

2.1.1 Selection of source data

Initial data and design tasks:

1. Type of rolling stock - VAZ-21102

2. List Number of Cars Aspis. \u003d 210.

3. Mileage of the car from the beginning of operation ln \u003d 242000 km

4. The average daily mileage of the car LCC \u003d 400 km

6. Natural and climatic conditions - a moderate cold climate

7. Number of working days per year DRG \u003d 253 days

8. Time in the dress - 24 hours.

The initial data taken from the regulatory literature is in Table 1.

Table 1 - Initial data

2.1.2 Adjusting the frequency and tr

The adjusted value of the frequency of TO-1 and TO-2 is determined by the formula:

L1 \u003d Li * K1 * K2 * K3,

where Li is the regulatory frequency of it;

K1 - the coefficient of adjustment of standards, depending on the category of operation;

K3 - the coefficient of adjustment of standards, depending on the periodic climatic conditions;

L1 \u003d 4000 km; K1 \u003d 0.8; K2 \u003d 1.0; K3 \u003d 0.9; L2 \u003d 16000 km;

L1 \u003d 4000 * 0.8 * 1.0 * 0.9 \u003d 2880 km;

L2 \u003d 16000 * 0.8 * 1.0 * 0.9 \u003d 11520 km;

The adjusted magnitude of the mileage before the Kyrgyz Republic is located by the formula:

LDK \u003d LDK.N * K1 * K2 * K3,

Where LDKR is the rate of the mileage to the Kyrgyz Republic;

K1 is a coefficient that takes into account the category of operating conditions;

K2 is a coefficient that takes into account the modification of rolling stock;

K3 - coefficient, taking into account climatic conditions;

Lkr.n \u003d 180000 km; K1 \u003d 0.8; K2 \u003d 1.0; K3 \u003d 0.9;

LDK \u003d 180000 * 0.8 * 1.0 * 0.9 \u003d 129600 km.

2.1.3 Adjustment of the mileage to TO-2 and TP to the multiplicity of the average daily run

The multiplicity ratio between the values \u200b\u200bof the periodicity is the average daily run of the formula:

n1 \u003d L1 / LSS,

where L1 is the regulatory frequency of TO-1;

LSS - 400 km; L1 \u003d 2880;

n1 \u003d 2880/400 \u003d 7.2 (accept 7).

Then the value taken with the regulatory frequency of TO-1 is by the formula:

L1 \u003d LSS * N1,

where n1 is the adjustment coefficient

L1 \u003d 400 * 7 \u003d 2800 km.

The ratio of the multiplicity between the values \u200b\u200bof the frequency of TO-2 and the TOT-1 received is determined by the formula:

n2 \u003d L2 / L1,

where L1 and L2 is the regulatory frequency of TO-1 and TO-2;

n2 \u003d 11520/2800 \u003d 4.1 (accept 4).

Then the adopted value of the adjusted TO-2 is determined by the formula:

L2 \u003d L1 * N2,

where L1- regulatory frequency of TO-1;

n2 - adjustment coefficient;

L1 \u003d 2800; N2 \u003d 4;

L2 \u003d 2800 * 4 \u003d 11200 km.

The ratio of the multiplicity between the values \u200b\u200bof the average cycle mileage of the received periodicity of TO-2 is determined by the formula:

n3 \u003d LDK / L2,

where LDK is a mileage rate to the cr;

LDK \u003d 129600; L2 \u003d 11200;

n3 \u003d 129600/11200 \u003d 11.57 (accept 12).

Then the value of the average cyclose run is determined by the formula:

LDK \u003d L2 * N3,

where L2 is the regulatory frequency of TO-2;

n3 - adjustment coefficient;

L2 \u003d 11200; N3 \u003d 12;

LDK \u003d 11200 * 12 \u003d 134400 km.

2.1.4 Adjusting the rate of downtime for both repair

Adjusting the norm of idle days and repair is determined by the formula:

dTO and TR \u003d D N and TR * K4 (Wed), day / 1000 km

where K4 (CP) is the coefficient of adjustment of the values \u200b\u200bof the specific labor intensity of the current repair and the duration of downtime and repair depending on the run from the beginning of operation.

Since we have a mileage from the beginning of operation of 242,000 km, and the mileage for the VAZ-21102 to the Kyrgyz Republic is equal to 180,000, then the share of the run from the beginning of operation will be 242000/180000 \u003d 1.34. Then K4 (cf) \u003d 1.4

dto and Tr \u003d 0.3 * 1,4 \u003d 0.42 days / 1000 km

2.1.5 Adjusting the specific labor intensity TO-1

Adjusting the specific labor complexity of the current repairs is determined by the formula:

tTO-1 \u003d T N TO-1 * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 * K5, Che-h / 1000 km

where k1 \u003d 1,2 is the correction factor of standards depending on the category of operation

K2 \u003d 1.0 - coefficient, taking into account the modification of rolling stock

K3 \u003d 1.1 - the coefficient of adjustment of standards, depending on the natural climatic conditions

K4 \u003d 1.6 - the coefficient of adjustment of standards of the specific labor intensity of the current repair and duration of idle and repair depending on the run from the beginning of operation

K5 \u003d 0.95 - Correction ratio of labor intensity

tTO-1 \u003d 2.3 * 1,2 * 1.0 * 1.1 * 1.6 * 0.95 \u003d 4.6 people / 1000 km

According to the results of the calculations produced, we will make a table to adjust the mileage of cars to TO-1, TO-2 and CR for a motor transport enterprise (taxi).

Table 2 - Run adjustment to TO-1, TO-2 and CR

2.1.6 Calculation of the number of 1 car per cycle

The amount of TO-2 is by the formula:

N2 \u003d LDK / L2-NK,

L2 - regulatory frequency TO-2;

NK - the number of kr per cycle;

LDK \u003d 134400 km; L2 \u003d 11200 km; Nk \u003d 1;

N2 \u003d 134400/11200-1 \u003d 11.

The amount of TO-1 is in the formula:

N1 \u003d LDC / L1-NK-N2,

where LDK is the value of the mileage to the cr;

L1 - regulatory frequency TO-1;

NK - the number of kr per cycle;

N2 - the number of TO-2 per 1 car;

LDK \u003d 134400 km; L1 \u003d 2800 km; Nk \u003d 1; N2 \u003d 11;

N1 \u003d 134400 / 2800-11 \u003d 36.

The number of EO is by the formula:

NEO \u003d LDK / LSS,

where LDK is the value of the mileage to the cr;

LSS - average daily mileage of the car;

LDK \u003d 134400 km; LSS \u003d 400 km;

NOE \u003d 134400/400 \u003d 336

2.1.7 technical readiness coefficient

The coefficient of technical readiness for each car at the enterprise is determined by cyclical traffic:

αT \u003d DE / (DE + DO and TR + DKR),

where are DE - days of operation for cycle mileage:

DE \u003d LDK / LSS, DN

where LDK \u003d 134400 km - the estimated value, the adjusted norm of the interrontal mileage

LSS \u003d 400 km - average daily mileage

DE \u003d 134400/400 \u003d 336 days

downtime days in the fact and TR for cycle mileage:

Dto and tr \u003d lk * dto and tr / 1000, day

where dto and tr \u003d 0.42 - the estimated value

Dto and tr \u003d 134400 * 0.42 / 1000 \u003d 57 days

dowry days in the cr:

DKR \u003d DKR + DTRANS, DN

where DKR \u003d 18 days is the original standard

dTrans \u003d 0.15 * D cr, day - transportation days

dTrans \u003d 0.15 * 18 \u003d 3 days

DKR \u003d 18 + 3 \u003d 21 days

αT \u003d 336 / (336 + 57 + 21) \u003d 0.81

2.1.8 Car use coefficient

The coefficient of use of cars is determined by the formula:

αI \u003d DRG * ki * αT / 365

where DRG is the number of working days a year

αt - technical readiness coefficient

Ki \u003d 0.93 - the coefficient of use of technically serviceable cars for organizational reasons

αI \u003d 253 * 0.93 * 0.81 / 365 \u003d 0.52

2.1.9 Annual Mileage

Annual mileage is determined by the formula:

ΣLg \u003d 365 * AI * LSS * αi, km

where AI \u003d 210 - List Number of Automobile ATP, Piece

lSS \u003d 400 km - average daily mileage

αi - car use coefficient

ΣLg \u003d 365 * 210 * 400 * 0,52 \u003d 15943200 km

The transition coefficient from the cycle by the year we find by the formula:

hG \u003d LG / LDK,

where LG \u003d ΣLg / Ai - the annual mileage of the car;

LDKR - the value of the mileage to the Kyrgyz Republic;

LG \u003d 15943200/210 \u003d 75920 km; LDK \u003d 134400 km;

hG \u003d 75920/134400 \u003d 0.56

Annual production program is determined by the formula:

Ng \u003d Ålg / LDC;

NG \u003d 15943200/134400 \u003d 119

Replaceable program is calculated by the formula:

NSM \u003d NG / DRG * SCM * HG

where CM \u003d 1 is a single mode of operation;

NSM \u003d 119/253 * 1 * 0.56 \u003d 1.36 (accept NSM \u003d 2)

2.1.10 Total annual labor intensity TO-1

Annual scope of work (time to be expensive to cost the production workers for the implementation of an annual production program) is an annual consideration of the repair of products in man-hours.

ΣTTO-1 \u003d TTO-1 * ΣLg / 1000, CH

where TTO-1 \u003d 4.6 people is the adjusted specific labor intensity;

Σtto-1 \u003d 4,6 * 15943200/1000 \u003d 73338.7 people

2.2 Calculation of universal posts TO-1

The postcard is determined by the formula:

τ \u003d (TTO-1 * 60 / RP) + TPER.,

where TTO-1 is the laboriousness of the work on TO-1;

RP is the average number of workers simultaneously working as a post;

tPER - the time of movement of the car when installing it in the post;

tTO-1 \u003d 4.6; РП \u003d 2; Tper \u003d 2;

τ \u003d (4.6 * 60/2) +2 \u003d 140;

Knowing the mode of operation of the zone and the daily production program, determined by the rhythm of production:

RTO-1 \u003d TSN * C * 60 / NC TO-1,

where TSN is the multiplicity of the work shift Zone-1;

C - the number of shifts of the Sone-1 zone;

NS TO-1 - Daily Production Program Zone-1 Zone;

TSN \u003d 7; C \u003d 1; NC TO-1 \u003d 17;

RT \u003d 7 * 1 * 60/2 \u003d 210

The number of universal posts for the execution of TP is determined by the formula:

HTO-2 \u003d RTO-1 / τ

where τ is the taste of the Zone-1 zone;

RT - RITM production of the Zone-1 zone;

τ \u003d 140; Rto-2 \u003d 210;

HTO-1 \u003d 210/140 \u003d 1.5 (accept 2 posts).

2.3 Calculation of the number of production workers

The number of performers technologically necessary and actually to work into the Zone-1 zone is calculated by the formula:

RT \u003d ΣTTO-1 / FM, people

where σtto-1 is the annual labor-intensity of work on the Zone-1 zone;

FM \u003d 1860 - Annual Time Fund.

c is the distribution of people at the same time working at posts.

c \u003d 8,

RT \u003d 73338.7 / 1860 * 5 \u003d 4.92 people (take 5 auto show)

2.4 Choice and justification of the method of organizing the technological process

The choice of the method of organizing the technological process is determined by the replaceable (daily) program of NC TO-1 \u003d 2, which is less recommended at a flow method (NC TO-1 \u003d 6 - 8) services, so in this case, either the method of dead-end specialized posts should be applied. Either the method of universal posts. The method of universal posts leads to frequent transitions of working specific specialties between posts, to move from place to place with equipment and devices. To avoid this, the majority of the posts have to equip the whole set of technological equipment, knowingly knowing that the need for it will only occur episodically.

The method of specialized posts creates an opportunity for a broader mechanization of work, contributes to an increase in labor and technological discipline, the need for the same type of equipment is reduced, the quality of repair and labor productivity increases. Thus, choose the method of dead-end specialized posts.

2.5 Distribution of workers on posts of specialty, qualifications and workplaces

Table 3 - distribution of posts

Table 4 - Distribution of workers in specialties, qualifications and workplaces

	Worker number	Number of performers	Specialty	Qualification	Served
					Clutch, gearbox, wheel drive, brake system
					Steering, front and rear suspension
					Tires and hubs
					Diagnosis and adjustment of the car.
			Fitter-Auto Electric		Electrical equipment and power system.

2.6 Selection of technological equipment

This project provides for the organization TO-1 on dead-end posts by specialized units of workers, in Zone TO-1, the associated operations of the current repairs are performed.

Table 5 List of technological equipment

	equipment identification		Overall sizes, M.
	Oil-based Buck
	Air discharge column
	Installation for exhaust gas suction
	Grid wooden under the legs		Not standard
	Kit for checking brake parameters
	Urn for waste
	Wrapping
	Merchant workshop
	Post electrician
	Cabinet for instruments and fixtures
	Tool box
	Cart for the transportation of batteries
	Fire Shield and Sand Box
	Brake fluid
	Hydraulic mobile lift
	Tire swap compressor
	Trolley for transportation
	Inspection ditch
	Perellazh-turntable
	Crane beam
	Elektrome channel
	Mounting table

2.7 Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bZone TO-1

The area of \u200b\u200bthe zone is determined by the formula:

FTO-1 \u003d FO * KN + XTO-1 * FA,

where the FA is the car area in the plan;

HTO-1 - the number of universal posts;

KN - the density coefficient of the placement of posts take into account the presence of passes and travel;

fO - Equipment area, M.KV.;

fA \u003d 1.65 * 4.33 \u003d 7.14 m 2; Hto-1 \u003d 2; Kn \u003d 4.5;

FTO-1 \u003d 11,159 * 5.0 + 2 * 7.14 \u003d 70,075 μV.

We accept the area of \u200b\u200bthe zone 71 μV, namely 9 m in length and 8 m wide.

3. Organizational part

3.1 ATP organization

Before entering into the territory of ATP, the car passes through the checkpoint (CAT), where the duty mechanic inspects. Then in the EO zone, the car is cleaned, wash and wipe, that is, they prepare for operation the next day. These works are performed on several sequentially located sites - posts.

Figure 1 - Scheme of TP car service in ATP

A separate room is highlighted on ATP for MOT-1. At the same time, several cars are served in the zone, they are usually one after another. The large area is occupied by Zone-2 and current repairs (TR), which are combined in one room. In these zones, cars are relatively long, and therefore they have them so that cars do not interfere with each other at the entrance and leaving, and the workers were comfortable to work.

The technical condition of the car is tested, as a rule, before the direction of them in the Zone-1, T-2 or current repairs. These works are carried out in the diagnostic item. Repeated car control, may be subjected after maintenance and repair, and therefore diagnostic items are near technical zones.

In the utility production departments, ATP produces control and repair of parts and components taken from cars. Some branches serve only the repair area of \u200b\u200bthe enterprise, while others except for repair work carry out preventive work.

3.2 Organization of ATP Technical Service Management

The technical service of ATP is designed to support the rolling stock in a technically good condition during the entire period of its service, right up to write-off. For this purpose, the Technical Service organizes all types of preventive work, performing current repairs, car preparation and aggregates to the direction of overhaul, car storage and performing a number of other functions.

At the same time, this service controls the correctness of the technical operation of cars on the line.

The organizational structure of the Technical Service Management structure is built according to a linear principle when each unit has one direct supervisor.

The ATP Management Structure is presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2 - diagram of the management structure of ATP.

The technical service is headed by the chief engineer of ATP, which is subject to several independent units in the functionality. The number of such divisions depends on the power and purpose of the enterprise, as well as from the adopted organizational management structure.

The leading role among all technical units of ATP belongs to the manufacturing department (workshop), which is subject to all technical zones, sites and cereals with workers. The operational leadership of all the works of the department carries through a replaceable technical dispatcher of production. In enterprises of road transport, the centralized technical service management system was distributed, which is the prototype of an automated control subsystem of the entire ATP as a whole. It provides for a clear separation of administrative and operational functions of management personnel and the concentration of all operational work at the production management center (PCU).

The production management center consists of two groups: groups of operational planning, which includes technical dispatchers of production, and processing groups and information analysis, which has a close operational connection with other ATP departments. The PCP provides for carrying out work based on the technological principle of the formation of industrial divisions. At the same time, each type of technical influence performs a specialized brigade or a plot. The brigade and plots performing homogeneous in the nature of the work are combined into production complexes.

At the production management center, five independent complexes were created: diagnostics, maintenance (including EO, T-1, TO-2), current repair and repair sites (workshops) and finally, a production preparation complex. The composition of each complex includes several brigades and plots. So the complex of preparation of production includes a plot of configuration (selection of a circulating fund, spare parts) and an intermediate warehouse.

The function of the technical control department (STI) includes the quality of work performed by the working department, as well as monitoring the technical condition of all vehicles, regardless of their location. OTP administratively obeys or chief engineer or director of the enterprise. The latter is preferable, as it enhances the prestige of SW and creates its employees more favorable conditions for work. An important step in the organization of the CAP is the selection of personnel, in which the principle should act: the superiority of knowledge controlling over knowledge. The OS officer should be well known to know the technological process, be able to not only detect product defects, but also to establish the reason for their appearance, as well as to participate in the development of measures to improve the quality of products.

3.3 Workplace Organization

The place where the work is produced must be so adapted so that everything contributes to the most successful performance of work. In particular:

The whole furnishings of the work should contribute to improving labor and quality, tools must be at hand, convenient places should be assigned to them;

All working devices must be in health and in sufficient quantities; For materials, the corresponding places should also be assigned, in which these materials did not have to search;

The room should be in all compliance with the working conditions in the sense of lighting, temperature, humidity.

All production work should be previously prepared, that is, equipped with all the necessary equipment for uninterrupted flow. Namely:

By the beginning of work, quite appropriate and quite suitable tools should be prepared;

All materials and parts that will be needed to be taken to the place of work should be delivered to the place of work.

If drawings or structures are required, they must be prepared, and issued by the worker;

Special devices must also be prepared, and selected in accordance with the work started.

Some generally accepted ways of working with the same, as usual, results, but other, more immesor and light ways, can be corrected. The initiative and ingenuity of individual workers can play here and in a variety of cases have already played an outstanding and crucial role. The intensity of the labor of each worker should be such that in the face of good preparedness of all necessary work was carried out without any breaks, without weakening the pace. One of the main conditions of productive work is a clear division of labor and the organization of labor in accordance with the qualifications and abilities. In such a way that a highly qualified worker makes only highly qualified work, corresponding to its specialty, and all prepared work that does not require qualifications performed auxiliary workers. The work of an innovator in addition to high achievements regarding the increase in labor productivity, that is, labor economies should be accompanied by material savings. After all, all material is also the result of the performance of someone's work.

The use of full maximum capacity of the equipment is mandatory.

4. Safety and occupational safety and environmental activities

Under labor protection, the system of legislation and the corresponding activities aimed at preserving the health and working capacity of workers are understood. The system of organizational and technical measures and funds providing the prevention of industrial injuries is called safety.

Production Sanitation provides for events on the right device and maintenance of industrial enterprises and equipment (proper lighting, the correct location of the equipment, etc.) the creation of the most healthy and favorable working conditions that prevent professional diseases of workers. Kzot is the main position on labor protection.

Industrial hygiene aims to create the most healthy and favorable conditions in the hygienic terms of labor preventing professional diseases working.

4.1 Instructions

At automotive enterprises, the organization of work on safety and production sanitation is assigned to the chief engineer. In the workshops and production sites, the heads of workshops and the master are responsible for the safety of labor. The implementation of safety and industrial safety activities is monitored by the Senior Safety Engineer and trade union organizations (if any). Only the head of the enterprise or chief engineer can cancel instructions on the senior safety engineer. One of the main activities to ensure the safety of labor is the mandatory instruction of newly accepted and periodic instructions of all employees of the enterprise.

Instructions conducts chief safety engineer. Recommended to work to work with the main provisions on labor protection, internal regulations, fire safety requirements, the protection of work technicians and the methods of providing first prefigible assistance to victims, etc. Special importance is instructed in the workplace with a display of safe working methods.

All employees, regardless of production experience and qualifications, must undergo re-briefing once every six months, and persons performing the work of increased safety (welders, etc.) - once every three months.

4.2 Safety requirements at the repair of the car

With maintenance and repair of cars, it is necessary to take measures against their independent movement. It is prohibited maintenance and repair of a car with a working engine, except in cases of its adjustment.

The lifting equipment must be in good condition and used only in their direct intended purpose. During operation, you should not leave the tools on the edge of the watch ditch, on the steps, the hood or wings of the car. When assembly works, it is forbidden to check the coincidence of the holes in the details connected by the details: for this it is necessary to use special lomacions, beards or mounting keys.

During disassembly and assembly of nodes and aggregates, special films and keys should be applied. Wrap off the nuts with a chisel and the hammer is not allowed. It is forbidden to clutter the passages between jobs.

Increased danger represents the operations of removal and installation of springs, since significant energy has accumulated.

These operations must be performed on stands or using fixtures. Hydraulic and pneumatic devices must be equipped with safety and bypass valves. The working tool should be kept in a good and pure state.

4.3 Requirements for industrial sanitation and industrial hygiene

Premises in which workers perform maintenance or repair of the car should be under it, it is necessary to equip viewing ditch, overpass with guide safety flavors or reservoirs.

The supply and exhaust ventilation should ensure the removal of the selected vapors and gases and the influx of fresh air. Natural and artificial lighting of jobs should be sufficient to safely perform work.

On the territory of the enterprise it is necessary to have sanitary and household premises - wardrobe, shower, washrooms.

4.4 Fire safety measures

In all production rooms it is necessary to perform the following fire prevention requirements: smoking only in specially reserved places; do not use open fire; Spilled oil and fuel clean with sand, etc.

The success of fire elimination depends on the speed of alert, about its beginning and the introduction of effective means of fire extinguishing. If it is impossible to extinguish with water, the burning surface is covered with special asbestos bedspreads, foam or carbonate fire extinguishers are used.

4.5 Measures of electrical safety

It is allowed to work only with tools having a protective grounding. Plug connections to enable the tool must be grounded. When switching to an electrified tool from one place to another, the wire cannot be stretched.

Working with an electrified tool, with a voltage exceeding 42 volts, it is possible only in rubber gloves standing on a rubber rug. In the room without increased danger, you can use portable lamps voltage not exceeding 42 volts.

4.6 Calculation of lighting in Zone TO-1

The calculation of natural lighting is reduced to the determination of the number of window openings with lateral lighting.

The light area of \u200b\u200bthe window flaps zone is calculated by the formula:

F OK \u003d F TO-1 * A,

where F T-1 \u003d 108 m 2 is the floor area of \u200b\u200bthe T-1 zone;

a - light coefficient;

a \u003d (0.25+ 0.30), accept A \u003d 0.28;

F OK \u003d 71 * 0.28 \u003d 20 m².

We accept 4 window outlook with a total area of \u200b\u200b20 m², which ensures the necessary illumination of the Zone-1 zone. Namely 2.5 meters high, 2.0 meters wide.

Total light power lamps:

W ard \u003d R * F TO-1,

where R is the rate of consumption of electricity WT * m²; We accept equal to 15 W * m²

W ard \u003d 15 * 71 \u003d 1065 W

We take 5 incandescent bulbs with a power of each of them 200 W, and 1 lamp for 75 W.

4.7 Ventilation calculation

In the zone of TO-1, natural ventilation provides for certain operations with substances harmful to health, artificial ventilation is used.

Based on the volume of the room and the multiplicity of air volume, we calculate the fan performance:

W \u003d v c * k a,

Where V c \u003d h * F TO-1 - the volume of the room, m 3;

h \u003d 4.2 m - the height of the workshop;

V c \u003d 71 * 4,2 \u003d 298.2 m 3;

K a \u003d 4 - the multiplicity of air volume;

W \u003d 298.2 * 4 \u003d 1193 m 3.

Conclusion

During the course design, I studied the structure and methods of work ATP and in particular Zone T-1. It made calculations for this zone, namely the annual volume of work, the area, the number of workers. Posted for this zone that-1 equipment.

He studied the organization of the work of ATP and in particular Zone TO-1, the coverage of lighting and ventilation of the zone was calculated.

The focus on safety, industrial sanitation, ecology and other technological indicators focuses.

Number of cars 210 pieces

Annual laboriousness of works 73338.7 people / h

Number of production workers 5 people

Plot area 71 m 2

Square of window openings 20 m 2

Power lamps 1065 W

Bibliography

1. Borzykh I.O., Sukhanov B.N., Berlev, Yu.F., "Maintenance and repair of cars", M.: Transport, 1985.

2. Anisimov A.P. "Organization of planning and planning of the work of automotive enterprises" - M.: Transport, 1982.

3. Baranov L.F. "Maintenance and repair of machines", M.: "Vintage", 2001.

4. Barkov G.A. "Maintenance and repair of cars", M.: "Rosselmash", 1972.

5. Plekhanov I.P. "Car", M.: Enlightenment, 1977.

6. Gazaryan A.A. Maintenance of cars, 1989

7. Nikitenko N.V. Car device. Transport., 1988

8. Shvatsky A.A. Directory of Mechanics, M.: Transport, 2000.

9. Kuznetsov A.S., Kohshev S.I. "Practical guidance on the repair and maintenance of cars VAZ" Livr ", 1997.

For the selection of equipment on nomenclature and quantity, the tables of technological equipment and a specialized tool for the service station, the normocomplets of technological equipment for zones and sections of a hundred different power, directories, directories are used. Selected equipment is entered into a statement:

The complete equipment of the projected area is presented in Table. 1 table. 3.

Table 1 - Technological Equipment

	Name	Type or model	Overall dimensions, mm	Number of units	Square, M. 2
	Crane beam
	Lift		2800 × 1650 × 2610
	Solidallophal
	Air-discarded column for cars
	Compressor
	Sharpening machine.
	Trolley for removing and installing wheels
	Merchant workshop		1650 × 1600 × 1600
	Mobile instrumental trolley
	Table vertical manual press
TOTAL: 19.07

Table 2 - Organizational Equipment

Table 3 - Production packaging and containers

3.2 Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe designed division

To calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe projected area, the formula is used:

The total area of \u200b\u200bhorizontal projections of equipment placed outside the territory busy posts, m 2;

The density coefficient of placement of posts and equipment.

The value depends on the dimensions and the location of the equipment. With double-sided positioning equipment, a value is taken - 4 ... 4.5.

Thus, the area of \u200b\u200bthe projected area is:

3.3 Plot layout

Fig. 3.1 - Zone Plan - 1

Plot equipment:

1. Electromechanical lift P - 133.

The type of lift is stationary, electro-hydraulic, double-permanent, universal, with a variable distance between the axes of cylinders. The mobile cylinder lift is suspended to the carriage, which is using a mechanized drive (AOL2-11-6 electric motor, M-10300 Circus gear transmission) moves along chamber beams fixed in a special ditch.

Fig. 3.2 - Electromechanical Lift P - 133

2. Solid Popper NIIAT - 390

The solidophatel is mounted on a metal plate with four wheels. A hopper is installed on the plate 1 with a capacity of 14 kg of lubricant and plunger pump 6, a developing pressure of 220-250 kg / cm². The pump is driven by an electric motor through a gear gear, a closed pallet.

Fig. 3.3 - NIIAT solidophatel - 390

3. Air-discharge column C - 411

It is used when pumping or pumping tires of cars in automatic mode and turn off the air supply upon reaching a given pressure in the bus. It works from a separate compressor equipped with an air purification system from moisture and mechanical impurities

Fig. 3.4- Air-discharge column C - 411

4. The machine is sharpening - grinding Ze - 631

It is intended for sharpening a metal-cutting, woodworking and other tool, including the cutters of drills, as well as performing fitter work.

Fig. 3.5 - Machine Grimnaya - Grinding Ze - 631

5. Crane - NA beam - 12111

The lifting mechanism of the tank type, in which the Telfer moves along the riding beam. Crane beam electrical is powered by an electric motor feeding from the network (through a pin wire or cable).

Fig. 3.6 -. Crane - NA beam - 12111

6. Trolley for removal and installation of wheels N - 217

Trolley rolling mechanical N - 217. Designed for removing and transporting wheels and wheel pairs of trucks, the maximum weight of the lifted cargo is 700 kg, the maximum force on the drive handle is 30 kg., Maximum lifting height is 150 mm.

Fig. 3.7 - Trolley for removing and installing wheels N - 217

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Thesis

Project Reconstruction of the Truck Maintenance Area

Introduction

1. Technical and Economic Justification Task for Design

1.1Kratic characteristic of a fleet LLP

1.2 Technical and economic indicators of the enterprise LLP "Auto Park"

2. Technological calculation of ATP

2.1 Selection of source data

2.2 Calculation of the annual scope of work and the number of production workers

2.3 Technological calculation of production areas, sites and warehouses

2.4 Equipment selection

3. Construction requirements

3.1 Requirements for the General Plan

4 Organization and Production Management

4.1 Principles and methods of enterprise management

4.2 Mode of Management LLP "Auto Park"

4.3 Enterprise Management TOO "Auto Park"

5. Designing Zone TO-1

5.1 Characteristics of the Zone-1 Auto Park TOO and the Offered Works

5.2 Organization of production in Zone TO-1

5.3 Calculated part

5.4 Selection of equipment for zone TO-1

6. Estimated design part

6.1 Analysis of the existing constructions of solidophalters

6.2 Established part 53

7 . Safety and environmental friendliness of the project

7.1 Safety in the implementation of basic work

7.2 Methods for testing for toxicity of gasoline engines

8. Calculation of economic efficiency

8.1 Calculation of capital investments

8.2 Determination of income and profits

Conclusion

List of used literature

shop maintenance car

Introduction

The goal of road transport, as part of the country's transport complex, is to satisfy the need of agriculture and the population of the country in freight traffic at the minimum cost of all types of resources. This general goal is ensured as a result of increasing road efficiency indicators: the growth of the transport ability of transport and productivity of vehicles; reducing the cost of transportation; increasing staff productivity; ensuring the ecology of the transport process.

Technical operation as a road transport subsystem must contribute to the implementation of the objectives of the automotive transport of the AIC and to have managed system efficiency indicators, i.e. automobile transport of the AIC.

Knowledge of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of patterns of changes in the parameters of the technical condition of nodes, units and a car as a whole allow you to control the performance and technical condition of the car during operation, that is, to maintain and restore it with performance.

The need to maintain a high level of performance requires most of the faults to be warned, that is, the workability of the product was restored before the malfunction. Therefore, the task is mainly in preventing the occurrence of failures and faults, and repair - in their elimination.

Requirements are presented to the system that and repair cars:

· Ensuring the specified levels of operational reliability of the automotive park with rational material and labor costs;

· Resource-saving and environmental orientation;

· Planning-normative character that allows you to plan and organize both repair at all levels;

· Compegnant for all organizations and enterprises owning road transport, regardless of their departmental subordination;

· Conference, availability and suitability for leadership and decision-making by all units of engineering and technical service of automobile transport;

· Stability of the basic principles and flexibility of specific standards that take into account the change in the terms of operation, the design and reliability of cars, as well as the economic mechanism;

· Accounting for the variety of operating conditions of cars.

Ensuring the required level of technical readiness of rolling stock for transportation in the smallest labor and material costs is the main requirement of the industrial and technical base of the automotive transport of the APK system.

The relevance of the topic of our study is determined by the fact that the level of development of PTB has a significant impact on the performance of ATP, which means that the entire work process is also repair. The quality of TEA works is directly related to the level of development of PTB. The technical willingness of the automotive park and its reliability, performance will increase with the increase in the indicators and the development of PTB. One of the main objectives of the system that and repair is the quality of the work carried out, reliability, the level of equipment of the workplace, post. Paying special attention to the development of PTB in the material and technical base environment is now more than ever relevant to the road transport of our country. The continuous development of the automotive industry of foreign countries only strengthens the need to develop the material and technical base of road transport of our republic.

The practical value of our work results is confirmed by the presence of an act of implementation.

The theoretical value of our graduation work consists in the calculation and its detailed description.

Objective: Create a draft area of \u200b\u200bmaintenance of trucks.

In accordance with the aim of, the following tasks were delivered:

- to collect and analyze the theoretical material about the Auto Park LLP;

- to collect and analyze theoretical material on issues of technological calculation of ATP;

- to collect and analyze material about the organization and management of production, principles and methods of enterprise management;

- create a project Zone-1;

- Calculate the economic efficiency of the project.

The tasks and order of their decision, determined the structure of the thesis.

To solve these tasks and in accordance with the purpose of operation, the following methods were used:

Theoretical: analysis of scientific, technical, regulatory and educational literature on the topic of research, systematizing collected and analyzed data.

Practical: calculation, methods of mathematical statistics, experiment.

1 . Technical and Economic Justification Task for Design

1.1 Polishi am the characteristic of the LLP "Auto Park"

Motor Park LLP is located in the industrial zone of the city and covers the territory of 26 hectares, on which there is a powerful repair base, Zone-1, T-2, car wash, warm boxes for parking cars, showers and household premises, dining room.

The fleet of trucks, as common transport, carries out transportation of goods and products of agriculture in the area and region. The fleet has a wide sphere of service, the automotive transport provides increasing transport needs of the population and farms associated with high speed and urgency of movement, delivery of goods directly from the point of departure to the destination, serves areas with a not enough network of road transport routes.

The company provides services for servicing organizations, provides services to both the population and maintenance and repair enterprises.

As a rolling stock for the carriage of goods, gas-53 trucks are used by all modifications. Cars of the ZIL-131 and GAZ-52 are serviced by cargo transportation for all business entities.

Cars are equipped with radio stations, which allows the more perfect form of service of the population and the farms of the area by cargo transportation.

Acceptance of orders is adopted under contracts concluded between business entities and a fleet, as well as a dispatch service working around the clock.

When leaving the line, the car passes a test inspection of the technical condition, the driver in the medical station Medical examination of the state of health.

The repair area produces maintenance repair not only its own, but also private rolling stock.

A technical inspection of trucks of all brands, replacement of rooms, driver's licenses is carried out at the fleet of cargo transport, the purchase and sale of cars.

Currently, the fleet LLP is a steadily working and profitable enterprise.

1.2 Technical and economic indicators of the enterprise LLP "Auto Park"

Below are the technical and economic indicators of the Avtopark LLP for 2006-2010.

Table 1.1Technical and economic indicators of the Auto Park LLP

Indicators
Average number
Auto-days in work
Technical readiness coefficient
Line release ratio
General mileage, thousand km
Average daily mileage, km
Time in the outfit
Avtushasa in the dress, so hour
Transportation: for car trucks
Operational speed, km / h
The degree of worn out car
Autodney in the farm
Income thousand TG. Consumption thousand TG.

Analysis of technical and economic indicators

The ratio of car groups in the enterprise is shown below on the example of a circular chart:

Figure 1.1 The structure of the rolling stock "Auto Park"

Figure 1.2 The coefficients of technical readiness and release

The coefficient of technical readiness in the period 2006-2010. I fluctuates in the range of 0.6-0.8, and as seen from the graph the value of the coefficient over the past two years does not fall below 0.8. The release ratio with each increases, which indicates the emerging positive trends in the enterprise. On average, over the years, it was 0.6.

Figure 1.3 List number of cars

The list of cars in recent years has decreased from 180 to just over 100, which is associated with the physical and moral wear of the rolling stock, with an objective decrease in production capacity at the enterprise.

Figure 1.4 Common Mileage of the Car Park

The overall mileage of the auto park of the enterprise for the period under review only increased and in 2010 amounted to more than 4.5 thousand km of run, which is due to the increase in the operation of cars on the line.

Figure 1.5 Time for finding a car in the dress

The time of finding the car in the outfit on average 8 hours. The full employment of drivers on the line is observed in recent years, which can be seen from the schedule - in 2009 the greatest indicator. An increase in the length of work of drivers occurs with the right organization of labor.

Figure 1.6 Number of car days in work

Changing the number of cars-days in work during this period happened with varying success, making jumps and falls. So if in 2006, 2007 and in 2010 it reached peak values, then in the interval of these years, the testimony decreased.

Figure 1.7 Operational speed

Operational speed, as can be seen from the schedule, in recent years, the company only increases. It is due to the fact that the necessary measures are taken to reduce downtime at each stop during the carriage of goods and some increase in the length of service routes.

Figure 1.8 Transportation

Figure 1.9 Dynamics of expenses and income

In general, the change in expenses and income is the same. Their indicators increased every year. But as seen from the graph, the difference between these indicators in the last year has changed in the direction of increasing income.

2 . Technological calculation of ATP

2.1 Selecting source data

To calculate the production program and the volume of work of the ATP, the following initial data are needed: the type and amount of rolling stock, the average daily mileage of cars and their technical condition, road and natural-climatic operating conditions, the mode of operation of rolling stock and modes that and tr.

Table 2.1 Initial data on a fleet LLP

Calculation of the production program

Calculation of the program for cars "GAZ"

To calculate the program, select the regulatory values \u200b\u200bof rolling stock runs up to the CB and periodicity of T-1 and TO-2, which are set by the position.

LK \u003d 300000 km;

L2 \u003d 20000 km;

The number of technical influences on one car per cycle is determined by the ratio of the cyclic run to mileage to this type of exposure. Since the cycle mileage is taken to be equal to the car of the car to overhaul, the number of the Cr of one car for the cycle will be equal to one. The next latter for the cycle is not carried out, and the car is sent to the Kyrgyz Republic. In TO-2, it includes the service TO-1, which is performed simultaneously with TO-2. Therefore, in this calculation, the number of TO-1 per cycle does not include maintenance of TO-2. The frequency of daily maintenance is adopted equal to average daily mileage:

Number of cr:

Nk \u003d LC / LK \u003d LC / LK; (one)

Nk \u003d 300000/300000 \u003d 1;

Number TO-1:

N1 \u003d LC / L1- (NK + N2); (2)

N1 \u003d 300000 / 5000- (1 + 14) \u003d 45;

Number TO-2:

N2 \u003d LD / L2-NK 4; (3)

N2 \u003d (300000/20000) -1 \u003d 1;

Number of EO:

Neo \u003d LD / LSS; (four)

NEO \u003d 300000/209 \u003d 1435.

Since the manufacturing program of the enterprise is calculated for a year, then to determine the number, then for the year we will make a corresponding recalculation of the obtained values \u200b\u200bof NEE, N1 and N2 per cycle using the transition coefficient from the cycle by the year. In order to determine the transition coefficient, we will need to first calculate the technical readiness coefficient of BT and the annual mileage of one car LG. The coefficient of technical readiness is calculated by the formula:

bT \u003d 1 / (1 + LCC (DTO-TR / 1000 + DK / LK)), (5)

bT \u003d 1 / (1 + 209 (0.2 / 1000 + 15/300000)) \u003d 0.95;

here D T-TR - a specific simple car in the same time in days per 1000 km of run;

DK - the number of days downtime in the cr.

Determine the annual mileage:

LG \u003d. D.slave · LCC · BT; (6)

LG \u003d 356 * 209 * 0.95 \u003d 72 470.75 km;

After that, we find the transition coefficient from the cycle by year:

zG \u003d LG / LK; (7)

zG \u003d 72470.75 / 300000 \u003d 0.24;

Annual number of EO, TO-1, and TO-2 on one list of car will be:

NEO.G \u003d NEO * ZG; (eight)

Nog \u003d 1435 * 0.24 \u003d 344.4;

N1.g \u003d n1 * zg; (nine)

N1.g \u003d 45 * 0.24 \u003d 10.8;

N2.g \u003d n2 * zg; (10)

N2.g \u003d 14 * 0.24 \u003d 3.36;

For the whole group of cars:

In NEO.G \u003d NEO.G * AI; (eleven)

Nk \u003d 3444,4 * 40 \u003d 13776;

N1.G \u003d N1.G * AI; (12)

In n1.g \u003d 10.8 * 40 \u003d 432;

In n2.g \u003d n2.g * ai; (13)

N2.g \u003d 3.36 * 40 \u003d 134.4;

where AI is a list of cars.

According to the Regulation, as a separate type of service is not planned and work on the diagnosis of rolling stock is included in the scope of work and tr. At the same time, depending on the organization's method, car diagnoses can be made on separate posts or be combined with the process. Therefore, the number of diagnostic effects is determined for the subsequent calculation of diagnosticization and its organization.

The ATP in accordance with the provision provides for the diagnosis of rolling stock D-1 and D-2.

D-1 Diagnosis is intended mainly to determine the technical condition of units, components and systems of the car, ensuring the safety of motion. D-1 is carried out, as a rule, with frequency of TO-1.

Diagnostation D-1:

ND-1G = In N1.G +0.1 in N1.G + in N2.g; (fourteen)

ND-1g \u003d 432 + 0.1 * 432 + 134.4 \u003d 609.6;

Diagnostation D-2:

In nd-2g \u003d y n2.g + 0.2 y n2.g; (fifteen)

ND-2g \u003d 134.4 + 0.2 * 134,4 \u003d 161.

Calculation of the production program for cars of the brand "ZIL".

First we find the technical readiness coefficient of BT according to the formula:

bT \u003d 1 / (1 + LCC (DTO-TR / 1000 + DK / LK) \u003d 1 / (1 + 67 (0.2 / 1000 + 12/300000) \u003d 0.98;

LG \u003d. D.slave · L Cc · BT \u003d 365 * 67 * 0.98 \u003d 23965.9 km;

Coefficient Zg \u003d LG / LK \u003d 23965.9 / 300000 \u003d 0.08;

Annual number of EO, TO-1, and TO-2 on one list of car and the whole park will be: NEO.G \u003d NEO * ZG \u003d 1435 * 0.08 \u003d 114.8;

N1.g \u003d n1 * zg \u003d 45 * 0.08 \u003d 3.6;

N2.g \u003d n2 * zg \u003d 14 * 0.08 \u003d 1.12;

In NEO.G \u003d NEO.G * AI \u003d 114.8 * 75 \u003d 8610;

In n1.g \u003d n1.g * ae \u003d 3.6 * 75 \u003d 270;

In n2.g \u003d n2.g * ai \u003d 1.12 * 75 \u003d 84;

Determination of the number of diagnostic effects of D-1 and D-2 on the park of the car brand ZIL for the year.

Diagnostation D-1:

ND-1G = In N1.g +0.1 in N1.G + in n2.g \u003d 270 + 0.1 * 270 + 84 \u003d 381;

Diagnostation D-2:

ND-2g \u003d y n2.g + 0.2 y n2.g \u003d 84 + 0.2 * 84 \u003d 101.

2. 2 Calculation of the annual work and numberof production workers

Cars brand "Gas".

To calculate the annual work, pre-for the rolling stock, designed by ATP, we establish the regulatory complexity of TO and TP in accordance with the position, and then they are corrected taking into account specific operating conditions. Statutors of labor-intensity, etc., the provisions are established for the following set of conditions: І category of operating conditions; Basic car models; Climatic area moderate; The mileage of the rolling stock from the beginning of operation is 50-70% of the mileage to overhaul; The ATP also produces a repair of 200-300 units. rolling stock constituting three technologically compatible groups; ATP is equipped with mechanization with technological equipment tablet.

t eo \u003d t eo (n) * k4 * km; (sixteen)

t eo \u003d 0.7 * 0.45 * 1,15 \u003d 0.36 people;

t 1 \u003d T 1 (H) * K4; (17)

t 1 \u003d 5.5 * 1,15 \u003d 6.3 people;

t 2 \u003d T 2 (H) * K4; (eighteen)

t 2 \u003d 18 * 1,15 \u003d 20.7чель-h;

t Tr \u003d T Tr (H) * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4; (nineteen)

t Tr \u003d 5.5 * 1.1 * 1,2 * 1.6 * 1,15 \u003d 13.4 people.

t co \u003d (d / 100) * t 2; (twenty)

where D is the proportion of these works depending on the climatic area. In our case, d \u003d 20%.

t co \u003d (20/100) * 20.7 \u003d 4.14 people,

Diagnostation D-1:

t 1 + d - 1 \u003d 1,1t 1; (21)

t 1 + d-1 \u003d 1.1 * 6.3 \u003d 6.93 people;

t d - 1 \u003d 0.25t 1; (22)

t d - 1 \u003d 0.25 * 6.3 \u003d 1.6 people;

t `1 \u003d 0.85t 1; (23)

t `1 \u003d 0.85 * 6.3 \u003d 5.4 people.

Diagnostation D-2:

t d-2 \u003d 0.17t 2; (24)

t d-2 \u003d 0.17 * 20.7 \u003d 3.5 people.

Annual work on the work of the work on EO, T-1, T-2 per year is determined by the product of the number of the standard (adjusted) value of the complexity of this species:

T JOIN \u003d Nog * T EO; (25)

T Jester \u003d 13776 * 0.36 \u003d 4959.4 people;

If T-1 and D-1 is carried out together, then the total annual volume is in the formula:

T 1 + d-1 \u003d in N1G * T 1 + D-1 + (0.1 in N1.G + in N2.G) * T D-1; (26)

T 1 + d - 1 \u003d 432 * 6.93 + (0.1432 + 134.4) * 1,6 \u003d 3277.9 people;

T 1G \u003d in N1G * T 1; (27)

T 1G \u003d 432 * 6.3 \u003d 2722 people;

Annual volume D-1:

T d-1g \u003d at ND-1G * TD-1; (28)

T d-1g \u003d 609 * 1,6 \u003d 974.4 people;

Annual scope of work on TO-2:

T 2g \u003d in N2G * T 2+ AI * T Co; (29)

T 2g \u003d 134.4 * 20,7 + 40 * 4,14 \u003d 2948 people;

T d-2g \u003d in ND-2g * T d-2g; (thirty)

T d-2g \u003d 161 * 3.5 \u003d 564 people;

Annual work of TR:

T tr \u003d (AI * LG / 1000) * T Tr; (31)

T tr \u003d (40 * 72470.75 / 1000) * 13,4 \u003d 38844.3 people;

General annual work on the enterprise for cars Gas:

T PR \u003d T JOIN + T 1G + T D-1G + T 2G + T D-2G + T Tr; (32)

T PR \u003d 4959,4 + 2722 + 974,4 + 2948 + 564 + +38844.3 \u003d 51012 people;

Cars of brand "ZIL".The annual work on ATP is determined in man-hours and includes the volume of work on EO, T-1, T-2, TP and self-service of the enterprise. Based on these volumes, the number of working industrial zones and sections is determined.

The choice and adjustment of the regulatory workshops. For the calculation of the annual work of the work pre-for the rolling stock (ZIL) of the designated ATP, we establish the regulatory complexity of that and tr in accordance with the position, and then they correctly adjust to the specific operating conditions.

t eo \u003d t eo (n) * k4 * km \u003d 0.5 * 0.45 * 1,15 \u003d 0.26 people;

t 1 \u003d T 1 (H) * K4 \u003d 2.9 * 1,15 \u003d 3.3 people;

t 2 \u003d T 2 (H) * K4 \u003d 11.7 * 1,15 \u003d 13.5 people;

t Tr \u003d T Tr (H) * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 \u003d 3.2 * 1.1 * 1,2 * 2.0 * 1,15 \u003d 9.7 people.

Particularity of seasonal service:

t co \u003d (d / 100) * T 2 \u003d (20/100) * 13.5 \u003d 2.7 people,

Distribution of work on the diagnosis of D-1 and D-2.

Diagnostation D-1:

t 1 + d - 1 \u003d 1,1t 1 \u003d 1.1 * 3,3 \u003d 3.63 people;

t d-1 \u003d 0.25t 1 \u003d 0.25 * 3,3 \u003d 0.83 people;

t `1 \u003d 0.85t 1 \u003d 0.85 * 3.3 \u003d 2.8 people.

Diagnostation D-2:

t d-2 \u003d 0.17t 2 \u003d 0.17 * 13.5 \u003d 2.3 people.

Annual work on both Tr:

T Jester \u003d Nog * T EO \u003d 8610 * 0.26 \u003d 2239 people;

If T-1 and D-1 is carried out together:

T 1 + D-1 \u003d in N1G * T 1 + D-1 + (0.1 in N1.G + in N2.g) * T d - 1 \u003d 270 * 3.63 + (27 + 84) * 0 , 83 \u003d 1072 people;

If separately, then the annual volume is then-1:

T 1G \u003d y N1g * T 1 \u003d 270 * 3,3 \u003d 891 people;

Annual volume D-1:

T d-1g \u003d in ND-1g * TD-1 \u003d 381 * 0.83 \u003d 316 people;

Annual scope of work on TO-2:

T 2g \u003d y N2g * T 2+ AI * T co \u003d 84 * 13,5 + 75 * 2.7 \u003d 1337 people;

Annual work of D-2 diagnostics:

T d-2g \u003d in nd-2g * t d-2g \u003d 101 * 2,3 \u003d 232 people;

Annual work of TR:

T tr \u003d (AI * LG / 1000) * T Tr \u003d (75 * 23232.25 / 1000) * 9.7 \u003d 16902 people;

General annual work on the enterprise:

T PR \u003d T JOIN + T 1G + T D-1G + T 2G + T D-2G + T Tr \u003d 2239 + 891 +316 + 1337 + 232 + 16902 \u003d 21917 people.

Annual scope of self-service. According to the provision, except for work on the TR, auxiliary work is carried out in ATP, the volume of which (TWSP) is 20-30% of the total work on both the tri-moving composition. The auxiliary work includes work on the self-service of the enterprise (maintenance and repair of technological equipment of zones and plots, the maintenance of engineering communications, the content and repair of buildings, the manufacture and repair of non-standard equipment and tools), which are performed in independent units or in the respective production sites. The volume of auxiliary works is made up of the volume of work of generally accepted and self-service work. Calculations We carry out for the whole ATP, so we take into account both groups of cars:

T VSK \u003d T total + t himself (33)

T VSK \u003d B * T PR (34)

where in is the share of auxiliary work depending on the number of cars of the enterprise. In our case, B \u003d 0.3 for ATP with the number of cars up to 200. Then we get: T VS \u003d 0.3 * 21917 \u003d 6575 people;

T total \u003d 0.38 * 6575 \u003d 2499 people; Ta \u003d 0.62 * 6575 \u003d 4076 people;

Distribution of volume and trial for industrial zones and sites. The volume of TR is distributed at the place of its implementation, according to technological and organizational features. And TR are performed at posts and production sites (offices).

Given the features of production technology, work on EO and TO-1 are performed in independent zones. Posting work on TO-2, performed on universal posts, and tr are usually carried out in the common area. In some cases, TO-2 is performed at the POST-1 posts, but to another shift. D-1 diagnostic work is carried out on independent posts (lines) or combined with the works performed at the posts-1 posts. D-2 diagnostics is usually performed on separate posts.

Considering all the above, we produce distribution and enter the value in the table.

Table 2.3 Distribution of annual volumes of works of EO, TO-1, TO-2, TR and self-service by types of ATP

						volume
Posting
1. Cleaning
2. Washing
3. Outflow
4. Diagnostic
5. Fasteners
6. Adjustable
7. Lubricants, refilling Cleaners
8. Electrotechnical
9. Maintenance of the power system
10. Tires
11. Body
12. Collected assembly
Plotovy
1. Aggregate
2. Plumbing and mechanical
3. Electrotechnical
4. Battery
5. Power system repair
6. Tire targeted
7. Vulcanization
8. Blacksmith-Spring
9. Mednitsky
10. Welding
11. Tinenty
12. Armature
13. Woodworking
14. Painting
15. Owners
Self-service areas
1. Electrotechnical
2. Pipeline
3. Repair and construction

Calculation of the number of production workers.

The manufacturing workers include working areas and areas directly performing work on both the tri rolling stock. There are technologically necessary (clarifying) and regular (list) number of workers. The technologically necessary number of workers ensures the execution of daily, and staffing - annual production programs (volumes of work) on the TR.

Technologically required number of workers:

RT \u003d T g / ft; (35)

where T G is the annual scope of work on the zone, TR or a plot, a person;

FD T - the annual flow of the technologically necessary workshop at 1-replaceable work, part of the FT we accept equal to 2070 hours.

Station number of workers:

RS \u003d T g / f w; (36)

F Ш - the annual Fund of Time "regular" worker, h. F w accept equal to 1830 h.

In the practice of design, for calculating the technologically necessary number of workers, the annual FT time fund takes equal to 2070 hours for production with normal working conditions and 1830h for industries with harmful conditions. Using these formulas, we find the number of workers and enter in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4 The number of production workers

Name of zones and plots	Annual work on the zone or segment of a person	Estimated amount of technology. Optional Workers	The amount of technologically necessary workers,	Annual standard of the staff working, FR. four	Number of full-time workers
Maintenance zones and current repairs Zone Tr (posts)
Production- plots Aggregate Electrical Rechargeable By system Tire-storey Vulcanization Mednotsky Welding Blacksmith spring Locksmith mechanical Joiner

2.3 Technological calculation of production areas, sites and warehouses

Calculation of areas of zone and tr:

FB \u003d FA * XZ * kp; (37)

where Fa is an area occupied by a car in terms of (in size), m2;

X3 - the number of posts;

KP is the density coefficient of placement of posts.

The CP coefficient is the attitude of the area occupied by cars, travel, passages, jobs, to the amount of car areas in the plan. The value of KP depends on the dimensions of the car and the location of the posts.

Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bproduction sites.

The area of \u200b\u200bproduction sites can be calculated by 3 ways:

1. On the area of \u200b\u200bthe room occupied by the equipment, and the density coefficient of its placement:

Fu \u003d f about * kp; (38)

f about - equipment area.

To calculate Fu, a statement of equipment is pre-based on the tablet and catalogs of technological equipment and its total area f about the site is determined.

2. Under the specific rate on the 1st working and subsequent:

Fuffs \u003d FR1 + FR2 * (RT-1); (39)

where FR1 is the specific area on the 1st worker;

fR2 - the specific area of \u200b\u200bsubsequent;

RT is the number of workers in this area.

3. The hyproautotrans method.

Calculation of warehouse space.

Warehouses are calculated by two methods:

1. According to the stored stock:

FAS \u003d FAB * kp; (40)

2. Specific norm per 1 million km of run:

FAS \u003d (LG * AI * FUD) / 106 * KR * Praz * KPS; (41)

where LG - annual mileage;

fUD - a specific value of the reserve of lubricants;

Kr - the ratio of the amount of ATP;

Kraz - a coefficient, taking into account the dignity;

KPS - coefficient, taking into account the type of rolling stock.

Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bstorage area.

The area of \u200b\u200bstorage area is determined by the formula

FX \u003d AI * FA * KHR; (42)

where FA is an area occupied by a car in terms of;

KHR is a coefficient that takes into account the location. KHR \u003d 3.0.

Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bauxiliary premises

RT \u003d RPR + RMOG + RV + RTR; (43)

2.4 Equipment selection

Technological equipment includes stationary and portable machines, stands, instruments, fixtures and production equipment (workbenches, racks, tables, cabinets) necessary to ensure the production process of ATP. The technological equipment for industrial purposes is divided into the main (machine, dismantling-assembly, etc.), complete, lifting and inspection and lifting and transport, general purpose (workbenches, racks, etc.) and warehouse.

In the selection of equipment, the "Tablet of Technological Equipment and Specialized Tool", catalogs, reference books, etc., are used in the table of the table, the approximate list of equipment for the performance of various works and trial and its number depending on the type and list of cars on ATP. The nomenclature and the number of technological equipment are shown in the table of the display for averaged conditions. Therefore, the nomenclature and the number of individual types of equipment for the design of the ATP can be adjusted by the calculation of the specifics of the work of the enterprise (adopted methods of organization of work, the number of posts, the operation of zones and sites, etc.).

The number of main equipment is determined by or by labor consideration of the work and the equipment of the equipment or by the degree of use of equipment and its performance.

Table 2.5 Technological equipment of the workplace

	Name	Type or model	Overall dimensions, mm	County, pcs	Stoy, tenge
	Car washing brush
	Pistol blowing with compressed air
	Installation for washing parts		1900ch2200h2000
	Installation for car wash		6500h3500ch3000
	Lubricant supercharger
	Lubricant supercharger
	Oil-based Buck
	Installation for refueling with transmission oil
	Installation for anti-corrosion coatings
	Tip for air dispensing hose
	Air-discarded column for cars
	Compressor
	Compressometer
	Device for determining the technical condition of the cylindrophone group of engines
	Motor Cylinder Efficiency Meter
	Device for checking the fuel pump of carburetor engines
	Battery probes
	Battery probes
	Set of appliances and tools for batteries
	Device for checking the anchors of generators of starters and electric motors
	Devices for checking distributor interrupters
	Set of products for cleaning and checking spark plugs
	Stand for checking generators, relays and adjustments and starters
	Device for checking and adjusting car headlamps
	Installation for accelerated battery charging
	Universal Installation for Starting Motors in Cold Time
	Ruler to check the convergence of the front wheels of cars
	Stand for monitoring and adjusting car installation angles
	Machine for balancing wheels
	Device for checking the steering of cars
	Descharometer
	Stand for checking brake hydraulic drivers and car clutch
	Stand checking brake brakes
	A complex of diagnostic equipment
	Complex of twin-sided wrench keys with open yawns
	Set of wrench combined keys
	Torch wrench keys
	Fixter Fixer Tool Kit
	Main locksmith tool kit
	Kit Carburetor Adjustment Tool
	Auto mechanic tool kit	И131, and132, and133
	A set of tools for adjusting the angles of installation of control wheels
	Tool kit for steering with hydraulic amplifier
	Set of tools for car electrical equipment
	Sets of tools and devices with hydraulic drive for vehicle body editing
	Wheel Machine
	Drill for wipes engines
	Stand for assembling and disassembling car engines
	Stand for disassembling and assembling front car bridge
	Press and machine equipment
	Machine for boring brake drums and turning overlays of brake pads
	Stand for mounting and dismantling tires cars

Table 2.6 Technological Equipment

	Name	Model or GOST	Number	Stoy, tenge
	Flooring vice	GOST 4045-57
	Hammer Layered weighing 500 g	GOST-2310-54
	Hammer Copper Weight 500 g	PNM 1468-17-370
	Portable defectoscope
	Magnetometer
	Hammer Wooden (Kyzyanka)
	Machine for manual hacksaw
	Woven hacksaw 300h13h0,8 mm
	Pinzet straight, length 175 mm	Normal VNII
	Chiseling plot 15 ° C60 °	GOST 2711-54
	Brush hair
	Manual taps M4chm12	GOST 10903-64
	Load fork	NIIAT-LE-2
	Acidomomer
	Electric hardware	GOST 7219-54
	Electrolyte bay funnel
	Electric stroke
	Ceramic mug
	Lead bucket
	Drying cabinet
	Manual drill	GOST 2310-54
	Air hose with manometer	GOST 9921-61
	Set of rough tool

Table 2.7 Organizational Equipment

	Name	Type or model	Overall dimensions in terms of, mm	Number	Stoy, tenge
	Battery repair workbench
	Cabinet for instruments and fixtures
	Rack for devices and devices
	Cabinet exhaust for swine smelting and mastic
	Stand for equipment
	Tripod under the bottle under the acid	NIIAT-AR-2
	Box with sand
	Merchant workshop
	Rack for storing tires and wheels		2000h1000ch2000
	Camera Storage Playground	Own manufacture
	Cabinet for storage overalls	Article 245.
	Camera repair workbench
	Urn for waste

3 . Construction requirements

3.1 Requirements for the General Plan

The general plan of the enterprise is a plan for the construction of a land plot-oriented towards common use and neighboring possessions, indicating the buildings and structures on their overall outline, platforms for god-free storage of rolling stock in the territory.

General Plans are developed in accordance with the requirements of SNIP II-89 - 80 "General Plans for Industrial Enterprises", SNIP II-60 - 75 "Planning and building of cities, towns and rural settlements", SNiP II-93 - 74 "Car service enterprises "And ONTP-ATP-STO - 80.

When designing an enterprise for specific conditions of a given city or other settlement, the development of the master plan is preceded by the choice of land plot for construction, which is important for achieving the greatest efficiency of building ATP and the convenience of its operation. The main requirements for sites in their choice are:

the optimal size of the site (preferably rectangular shape with the side ratio from 1: 1 to 1: 3);

relatively smooth terrain and good hydrogeological conditions;

close location to the passage of common use and engineering networks;

the ability to provide heat, water, gas and electricity, discharge of sewage and stormwater;

lack of buildings to be demolished;

the possibility of reserving the area of \u200b\u200bthe site, taking into account the prospects for the development of the enterprise.

The development of the master plan is largely determined by the volume-planning solution of buildings (sizes and configuration of the building, the number of floors, etc.), so the general plan and volume-planning solutions are interrelated and usually work in design simultaneously.

Before developing the General Plan, the list of major buildings and structures placed on the territory of the enterprise, the area of \u200b\u200btheir development and overall dimensions in the plan are preliminary.

At the stage of technical and economic justification and under preliminary calculations, the regional area of \u200b\u200bthe enterprise (in hectares) is:

Fuffs \u003d 10-6 (FZ.PS + FZV + FOP) KZ (44)

where Fz.PS is the construction area of \u200b\u200bproduction and warehouse buildings, m2;

FZ.VC is an area of \u200b\u200bbuilding auxiliary buildings, M2;

FOP - open area for storing rolling stock, m2;

KZ - density of territory building,%

Depending on the layout of the main premises (buildings) and the structures of the enterprise, the construction of the site may be combined (blocked) or divided (pavilion). With a combined development, all major industrial premises are located in the same building, and with separable - in separate buildings.

When developing master plans for the building and facilities with production processes, accompanied by the release of smoke and dust to the atmosphere, as well as with explosive processes, it is necessary to have a relative to other buildings and structures from the windward side. Warehouses of flammable and combustible materials relative to production buildings should be placed from a leeward side. Buildings are equipped, light-inaeration lamps, it is desirable to focus in such a way that the axes of the lanterns are perpendicular to or were at an angle of 45 ° to the prevailing direction of the winds of the summer period.

When placing buildings, it is necessary to take care of the terrain and hydrogeological conditions. The rational location of the buildings should ensure the implementation of the minimum volume of earthworks when planning a platform. Thus, the buildings of the rectangular configuration in the plan, as a rule, should be placed in such a way that the long side of the building is located perpendicular to the direction of the slope on the site.

The main indicators of the master plan are the area and density of development, the coefficients of use and gardening of the territory.

The construction area is defined as the sum of the areas occupied by buildings and structures of all kinds, including carports, open parking lots and warehouses, backup areas scheduled in accordance with the design task. The building area does not include areas occupied by gentlemen, sidewalks, road roads, open sports grounds, platforms for relaxation, green plantings, open parking lots.

The density of the construction of the enterprise is determined by the attitude of the construction area to the area of \u200b\u200bthe enterprise site.

The utilization rate is determined by the ratio of the area occupied by buildings, structures, open areas, road roads, sidewalks and landscaping, to the total area of \u200b\u200bthe enterprise.

The landscaping coefficient is determined by the ratio of the area to the total area of \u200b\u200bthe enterprise.

Requirements for the production building.

The volume-planning solution of the building is subordinate to its functional purpose. Developed taking into account climatic conditions, modern construction requirements, the need to maximize buildings, the need to ensure the possibility of changing technological processes and expansion of production without a significant reconstruction of the building, environmental protection requirements, fire-fighting and sanitary-hygienic requirements, as well as a number of other heating related , power supply, ventilation, etc.

The most important of these requirements is the construction of construction, which involves the installation of the building from the prefabricated unified, mainly reinforced concrete structural elements (fundamental blocks, columns, beams, farms, etc.) manufactured by the industrial method. For industrialization of construction, the unification of structural elements is necessary in order to limit the nomenclature and number of sizes of manufactured elements. This is ensured by a structural building of the building based on the use of a unified mesh columns, which serve as supports of the coating or interconnecting of the building.

The column grid is measured by distances between the axes of the series in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The sizes of the spans and the column step should usually be more than 6 m. In the form of an exception with a proper justification, it is allowed to receive spans 9 m.

Single-storey production buildings ATP are mainly designed frame-type with a mesh of columns 18h12 and 24h12 m. Application of a column grid in a step of 12 m makes it possible to better use production areas and by 4-5% reduce the cost of construction compared to similar buildings in columns 6 m.

For multi-storey buildings Currently, reinforced concrete building structures are designed for grids columns 6h6, 6h9, 6h12 and 9h12 m. At the same time, an enlarged column grid (18h6 and 18h12 m) is allowed on the upper floor. Multi-storey buildings with a larger grid of columns require the use of individual structures, which to a certain extent restrains the wider use of multi-storey ATPs for special equipment and for trucks.

The height of the premises, i.e., the distance from the floor to the nise of the design of the coating (overlapping) or suspended equipment is taken with regard to ensuring the requirements of the technological process, the requirements of the unification of building parameters of buildings and the placement of suspended transport equipment (conveyors, tali, etc.).

In the absence of suspended devices, the height of the industrial premises is calculated from the top of the highest car in the working position plus at least 2.8 m. The height of industrial premises, in which cars do not enter, should also be at least 2.8 m.

The height of the premises for posts TO AND TR, depending on the type of rolling stock, the arrangement of posts and suspended equipment is given in the table:

Table 3.1 The height of the premises of the posts and trial on ONTP-ATP-STO - 80, m.

The height of the premises on single-storey parking should be taken by 0.2 m higher than the height of the highest car stored in the room, but in all cases not less than 2 m. However, the height of the premises of the parking lots in a single-storey building based on the requirements of the unification of building elements are taking 3.6 m Under flights 12 m, and 4.8 m - with flights 18 and 24 m.

The height of the floors of multi-storey buildings (from the pure floor mark to the first floor of the next floor) is taken by 3.6 or 4.8 m.

Basic requirements for post, plot, zone.

The technological layout of the zones and sites is a plan for the placement of posts, car waiting and storage, technological equipment, manufacturing equipment, lifting and transport and other equipment and is the technical documentation of the project on which equipment is placed and mounted. The degree of study and detailing of technological planning depends on the design stage.

The planning solution of the zones of that and tr is developed taking into account the requirements of SNiP II-93 - 74.

To accommodate the Washing and Cleaning Posts of the II, III and IV categories, as well as the posts, both production premises should be provided.

In areas with the average temperature of the coldest month above 0 °, posts for washing and cleaning cars, as well as posts for performing fasteners and adjustment work (without disassembly of units and nodes) is allowed to be placed on open areas or under sheds. At ATP up to 200 cars and ІІ and ІІІ categories or up to 50 cars of the category in one room with posts and tr, the following sections are allowed to be placed: motor, aggregate, mechanical, electrotechnical and carburetor (power instruments).

Posts (lines) of cleaning and washing works are usually located in separate rooms, which is associated with the nature of the operations performed (noise, splashes, evaporation).

Diagnostic posts have either in separate rooms or in a common room with posts and Tr.

The planning solution and sizes of zones are both TPs depend on the selected construction grid of columns, setting posts, their mutual location and the width of the passage in zones.

4 . Organization and management of production

4.1 Principles and methods of enterprise management

Enterprise Management is a complex process. It should ensure the unity of action and the focus of the work of the teams of all enterprise divisions, effective use in the process of various techniques, interconnected coordinated activities of working. What control is defined as a process of targeted impact on production to ensure its effective implementation.

The company is a complex system. Any system has a managed and control system. The first consists of a number of interrelated production complexes: basic and auxiliary workshops, various kinds of services. The second is a combination of management bodies. Both systems are connected via information coming from management facilities, as well as on external sources of information into the control system, and on the basis of this information decisions that are in the form of commands enter the managed system for execution.

The proportional ratio of individual parts of the system is the main requirement of its functioning. However, each system is not forever stable. It develops, changes, is improving. At the same time, the impact on the enterprise is possible not only by the system, but also from other systems.

The production process and specific features determine the need to establish relevant forms and management functions. Schematically, production management can be represented as a number of basic stages covering the collection of necessary source information, transferring to its heads of relevant units, processing and analysis of it, the development of solutions and, finally, the analysis of the results of the work performed and the collection of new information.

4.2 Form of Control LLP "Auto Park"

A linear-market form of management, which formed on the basis of linear and functional management systems, was adopted in the auto park, which had a headquarters consisting of functional cells (offices, departments, groups, individual specialists), corresponding to a specific management function. The linear-staff management system ensures the most effective combination of uniqueness with the activities of competent specialists, contributing to the increase in production management level.

Figure 4.1 Scheme of administrative subordination LLP "Auto Park"

4.3 Management of the enterprise LLP "Auto Park"

All organizational divisions of the Avtopark LLP, including operational, technical and economic services, carry out their activities in close cooperation and under the direction of the director of the enterprise and its deputies.

The director entrusted with responsible duties: the organization of logistics, scientific organization of labor in the enterprise; Guidelines for the implementation of new equipment and technology, improving the transport process and the implementation of obligations to the state budget and the bank. The issues of selection and training of personnel, labor protection and safety, housing and social and cultural construction are also requested close and constant attention from the head of the enterprise.

The director of the enterprise is endowed with great rights. It establishes the structure of the management apparatus, approves the transfinplan based on the tasks of a higher organization within the limits provided for in the law makes changes to the plan, accepts orders for transportation from other organizations, makes changes to the titular lists of construction, approves and, if necessary, changes design tasks and estimates Financial calculations for the construction of individual objects.

The head of workshops is responsible for the implementation of the plan for all indicators, the proper technical condition and the use of rolling stock, the organization of the labor of the chauffeur, repair and other workers, the state of labor discipline, is carried out to improve working conditions. They are endowed with rights in part of the promotion and punishment of columns and workshops, assigning a working qualification discharge. According to their presentation, issues of hiring and dismissing workers and other workers of workshops.

The director in his work relies on the team of workers and public organizations, and many questions decide together.

The masters are standing at the head of each site and are its technical and economic leader. They organize the production process, provide strict adherence to technological discipline and high quality maintenance of vehicle repair.

The operating service organizes its work on the established transportation plan for serviced enterprises and organizations by type of cargo and shippers, as well as the passenger traffic plan. It seeks opportunities for the most rational implementation of these transportation with the smallest costs.

The planned department is guided by the current provisions and on the basis of the director's instructions, organizes the development of promising and current plans of the enterprise leads to the management of plans in columns and workshops, coordinates the work of other departments to compile the relevant sections of the plans, brings approved plans to columns, workshops and services. The personnel department develops proposals to improve the organization of the labor of the chauffeur, repair and other work enterprises, improving the wage system and solves issues related to the streamlining of wages.

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The graduation project consists of a calculation and explanatory note and a graphic part for 10 sheets.

On the first sheet of the graphic part, the General Plan of Severgazstroy LLC is presented.

Modes of activity of the enterprise are: the organization of transportation of technological and economic goods, the Watch personnel and the provision of units of vehicles and special purpose techniques.

The company's master plan is presented on the first sheet of the graphic part, it includes: zones: and p, specialized sites, warehouses, parking zones; Administrative and household premises.

On the second sheet, the manufacturing body of the enterprise is presented to perform the necessary list of works on that and repair. A variety of areas are located in the production building.

The third sheet presents the zone of the TRP of the production and technical base of Severgasstroy LLC before reconstruction.

On the fourth sheet, the Zone of the TRP of the production and technical base LLC Severgasstroy after reconstruction is shown. As a result of the reconstruction of the production and technical base, the missing equipment was purchased.

The settlement and design section provides the calculation of the mechanism of movement of the bridge single-ground crane, the choice of the electric motor and the selection of the brake.

On the sixth and seventh sheet, the assembly drawing of metal structures and the end beam of the designed bridge crane are presented. It is a design from corners, channels and sheet rolled products, bonded by welded and bolted connections.

In the labor protection section, an analysis of hazardous and harmful factors in the reconstructed production and technical base has been developed, measures to improve the working conditions of repair workers and contraction of injury. There was a calculation of lighting, general ventilation, heating, the calculation of the amount of production waste for the enterprise introduced, also the rules of fire safety at work with the arrangement of fire equipment.

On the ninth sheet, a scheme of general ventilation with the necessary equipment is presented.

On the tenth sheet, indicators of the economic efficiency of the project from the introduction of the project, the economic profit of the second year amounted to 1691964 rubles, the index of returns is 1.733 rubles, payback period of 1.198. According to the results of calculations, we conclude that the project can be implemented, as it satisfies the expectations of the investor in terms of payback and project decision.

Introduction 5.

1 analytical section 7

• 1.1 Enterprise Characteristics 7
• 1.2 Financial and Economic Activities Enterprise 9
• 1.3 Control Structure 9
• 1.4 The number of rolling stock 10
• 1.5 climatic conditions 12
• 1.6 Organization TO AND TP 13
• 1.7 Scheme of the General Plan LLC Severgasstroy 16
• 1.8 Justification of the selection of the topic of the theme project 18

2 Estimated and technological section 20

• 2.1 Original data for calculation 20
• 2.2 Calculation of the production program 23
• 2.3 Definition of periodicity TO AND REPAIR 23
• 2.4 Definition of the number and kr on one car per cycle 25
• 2.5 Definition of the number and cr per car and the entire park for the year 25
• 2.6 Number of technical influences 26
• 2.7 number then on the entire park for the year 26
• 2.8 Annual volume according to both Tr 27
• 2.9 Distribution of work of works and tr 29
• 2.10 Calculation of the number of posts TO and TP 30
• 2.11 Calculation of the number of production workers 31
• 2.10 Calculation of the number of posts TO AND TR 31
• 2.11 Calculation of production areas Zone M Ready and p 32
• 2.12 Equipment for zone M Ready and p 32
• 2.13 Technological Process Scheme 33
• 2.14 Justification of the choice of technological process TO and TR vehicles for production and technical base 33
• 2.15 Layout of the production and technical base with the arrangement of technological equipment 34

3 settlement and design section 38

• 3.1 Determine the sizes of chassis 39
• 3.2 Determine the static resistance to the movement of the crane 41
• 3.3 Electric Motor Selection 42
• 3.4 Selection of brake 45

4 labor protection and environmental safety 49

• 4.1 Objectives and objectives for labor protection in the industry 49
• 4.2 The main directions of public policy in the field of labor protection 49
• 4.3 The procedure for selection and training of personnel to work on LLC Severgasstroy 50
• 4.3.1 Personnel Requirements at the Advanced Education 50
• 4.3.2 Order of the selection of performers, registration of documents for employment 51
• 4.3.3 The procedure for conducting and theme of integration of labor protection 52
• 4.3.4 Training and internships of performers, testing of knowledge of safe work techniques and registration of admission to independent work on LLC Severgasstroy 53
• 4.3.5 The frequency of briefing and training personnel in subsequent periods of work 54
• 4.4 Analysis of hazardous and harmful factors in the work and activities of personnel protection from the impact of harmful and dangerous factors 55
• 4.4.1 List of dangerous (traumatic) and harmful (causing disease) factors at facility 55
• 4.4.2 Events for the protection of personnel (locksters) from harmful and dangerous factors that arise in the production of work on the site and p 56
• 4.4.3 List, procedure for issuing, content, use and replacement of personalized personnel protection at 56 design facility
• 4.4.4 Procedure for providing locksmith tools for first aid, sanitary and household facilities for short-term recreation, food intake, personal hygiene events 57
• 4.5 Requirements for labor protection on lighting, heating and ventilation on LLC Severgasstroy 57
• 4.5.1 Lighting and electricity expenditures on the illumination of the zone and p 57
• 4.5.2 Heating heat consumption for heating to provide normalized air temperature values \u200b\u200bof the working area in heating period of storage of rolling stock 60
• 4.5.3 Calculation of ventilation in order to dissolve harmful impurities in the air of the working area within the permissible concentration of the storage places of rolling stock 60
• 4.5.4 Calculation of the flow of thermal energy on the ventilation of the storage of rolling stock 61
• 4.6 System of environmental protection measures in the implementation of the project 62
• 4.6.1 Analysis of production processes on the designed facility to determine the mass of waste under consideration as polluting environmental factors 63
• 4.7 Diagnostic Fire Protection System 63
• 4.7.1 General Fire Safety Requirements for Zone Ready and P 63
• 4.7.2 Regulatory requirements for the provision of production plot by means of fire extinguishing 64

5 Economic section 65

• 5.1 Calculation of investment in the project 65
• 5.1.1 Calculation of current (operational) costs 69
• 5.2 salary costs 72
• 5.3 Calculation of insurance premiums 74
• 5.4 Calculation of depreciation deductions 75
• 5.5 Calculation of Other Costs 76
• 5.6 Complete Cost 78
• 5.7 income from commercial activities 78
• 5.8 Calculation of Balance Profit 78
• 5.9 Calculation of Tax ENVD 79
• 5.10 Economic Profit for Project 79
• 5.11 Calculation of the commercial efficiency of the project 80
• 5.12 Pure discounted income 80
• 5.13 Project Return Index 82
• 5.14 Project payback period or investment return term 83

Conclusion 85.

Bibliographic list 86.