Steering - with a mechanical connection, without an amplifier. The steering mechanism is "a global worm - a two-graze roller", ratio Reducer - 16.4.
The steering trapezium is formed by three steering traction (one average and two side), compass, pendulum lever and levers swivel kulakov. Side traction consists of two tips connected by a threaded cutting clutch.
On the inner (short) tip - right thread, on the outer - left.
On the coupling coupling, the thread is also of different directions, so when it turns it, the length of the lateral thrust may increase or decrease, which is needed to adjust the convergence of the wheels.
The coupling is fixed on the tips of the tight clamps. At the ends of the steering, there are ball hinges. Their fingers have a conical landing in the levers and fixed in them with naits with linings.
The ball head rotates in the plastic liner, pressing the spring to the hinge body. The other end of the spring rests on the steel plug, sprung into the hinge body.
Due to the taper of the outer surface of the liner and the inner surface of the hinge body, when tipping the liner, the backlash is selected between the liner and the ball head of the finger.
To make sure that the liner is not flared in the housing, hand or mounting spatula are pressed on the hinge body in the direction of the finger - while the finger should go inside the housing by 0.5-1.5 mm.
When jamming the hinge or tangible, it is replaced with it steering cravings (steering tip).
From moisture and mud hinge is protected by a rubber cover, pressing on the body.
If the cover is damaged, immediately replace it, removing the old lubricant from the surface of the hinge and adding a new one (SRB-4).
The bracket of the pendulum lever is attached to the right side member with two bolts with self-locking nuts.
Case bracket - cast, from aluminum alloy. It has two plastic bushings in which the axis of the pendulum lever rotates.
On top and bottom to the axis, the washers are put on, which push the sleeve to the bracket housing. The lower washer rests on the pendulum lever, fixed on the axis self-locking nut, the top - in the nickety with a pin.
This nut is tightened on the removed bracket so that the pendulum lever does not turn under its own weight, but only under load 1-2 kgf.
Litol-24 lubrication is laid on the working surfaces of the sleeves and into the space between the axis and the case. To protect against dirt, two rubber sealing rings installed between the washers and the lever housing are served.
When wearing the bushings, they are replaced by, with the wear of the housing or axis, replace the bracket. The steering mechanism is attached by three bolts with self-locking nuts to the left side member.
Its housing is cast, from aluminum alloy. In its lower (elongated) part, two bronze bushings are pressed, in which the shaft of the steering tower rotates.
On the lower slotone end of the shaft of the nut the steering tower is fixed (it is installed on the shaft only in a certain position).
At the top of the shaft, a tide with a neckline was made; It has a two-graze roller, rotating in ball or needle bearings.
The T-shaped groove on the top end of the shaft includes a screw head that is regulated by the gap between the roller and the worm (see below).
Axial backlash head in the groove should not exceed 0.05 mm; This is achieved by the selection of the thickness of the adjusting plate worn on the screw.
The screw moves along the thread in the steering cover and stops the nut and the curly washer.
The worm of the steering mechanism rotates in two balls of radially resistant bearings, the gap in which is regulated by the selection of pads between the housing and the bottom cover (the oil is poured out of the mechanism, at the end of the adjustment it is necessary to restore its level).
With a properly adjusted gap, the moment of turning the craft shaft (with the filmed tower shaft) should be within 20-49 N.SM.
If it is less, reduce the thickness of the package of pads, if more - increase.
After installing the tower shaft, the gap in the engagement of the roller with the worm: the moment of resistance to turning the Worm shaft when turning 30 ° to the right-left from the middle position should be 88-118 N.Sm, and at large angles - no more than 69 N.Sm.
In practice, the simplest control is as follows: on the removed steering mechanism, the worm shaft must turn from the hand with a noticeable increase in effort near the middle position, the axial loft of the shaft should not be.
For filling the oil into the steering mechanism, a hole closed with a threaded plug is provided in the top cover.
The transmission oil is poured to the edges of this hole (0.215 l), they control the level.
Oil leakage is possible from under the bottom of the Worm shaft bearing cover (due to its deformation) or through the glands of the cushion shafts and the worm.
Repair of the gearbox at home (with the exception of adjusting the gaps and replace the glands) is not recommended.
The steering shaft is two-link, consists of the upper and intermediate shafts.
The upper shaft rotates in two bearings with rubber bushingsfucked in the tree bracket tube.
In the lower part to the shaft, a ring with a groove is welded, which includes a shut-off rigel anti-theft device.
A steering wheel is fixed on the top slot end of the shaft, the nut of its attachment is blocked.
The intermediate shaft has on the ends cardan hinges with cut slotted tips, tightened by bolts; The bottom is connected to the Worm shaft, the top - with the upper steering shaft.
The injuries of the steering is ensured by folding the steering shaft due to cardanic hinges and a special mounting of the steering shaft bracket.
The latter is attached to the body bracket at four points: on top - on welded bolts with nuts and washers, from below - with special tear-off bolts with fixing plates.
In the collision of the edge of the locking plates deform and skip through the rectangular holes of the steering shaft bracket. At the same time, due to the folding of the steering shaft, the steering wheel moves not back, and up and forward, reducing the likelihood of injuries of the driver's chest.
Possible Faults of the steering and elimination methods
- Cause of fault
Development method
Increased steering wheel
Weakened steering crankcase fastening bolts
Tighten the nuts
Weave the nuts of the ball fingers
Check and tighten the nuts
Adjust the gap
Increased gap to engage roller with worm
Adjust the gap
Too big Clearance Between the axis of the pendulum lever and bushings
Enlarged Clearance In Bearings Worm
Adjust the gap
We have weakened the bolts of the intermediate shaft to the tree of the worm or to the top shaft of the steering mechanism
Tighten the bolts
Tight rotation of the steering wheel
Deformation of the steering parts
Replace deformed details
Incorrect installation of front wheels
Check the wheel setting and adjust
Adjust the gap
Tightened adjusting nut axis of the pendulum lever
Low pressure in front wheels
Set normal pressure
Damage to the parts of the ball hinges
Check and replace damaged parts
There is no oil in the steering mechanism crankcase
Check and make a frace. Replace the gland if necessary
Damage of the Bearings of the Upper Steering Shaft
Replace bearings
Noise (knocks) in the steering control
Increased gap in front wheels hub bearings
Adjust the gap
Check and tighten the nuts
Increased gap between the axis of the pendulum lever and bushings
Replace bushings or bracket assembly
The adjusting nut of the axis of the pendulum lever is weakened
Adjust the tightening of the naika
Cleared the gap in the engagement of the roller with a worm or in the Bearings Worm
Adjust the gap
Increased gap in ball hinges steering
Replace tips or steering
Weakening of the fastening of rotary levers
Tighten the nuts
Weakening bolts fastening the intermediate steering shaft
Tighten the bolt nuts
Self-exchanging angular oscillation of the front wheels
Tire pressure does not match the norm
Increased gap in front wheels hub bearings
Adjust the gap
Sibalance wheel
Balance the wheels
Weakening of nuts ball fingers steering
Check and tighten the nuts
Weakening of the crankcase fastening of the steering mechanism or bracket of the pendulum lever
Check and tighten bolt nuts
Violated the gap in the engagement of the roller with a worm
Adjust the gap
Algae from straight movement in any one side
Tires unequal pressure
Check and install normal pressure
The angles of the installation of the front wheels are impaired
Check and adjust wheel installation angles
Various sediment of front suspension springs
Replace unsuitable springs
Deformed swivel fists or pendant levers
Check the fists and levers, unfit details replace
Incompleteration of one or several wheels
Check the state of the brake system
Instant car
The angles of the installation of the front wheels are impaired
Check and adjust wheel installation angles
Increased clearance in front wheel bearings
Adjust the gap
Weakening of nuts ball fingers steering
Check and tighten the nuts
Too big gap in ball hinges steering
Replace tips or steering
Weakening of the crankcase fastening of the steering mechanism or bracket of the pendulum lever
Check and tighten bolt nuts
Increased gap in the engagement roller and worm
Adjust the gap
Deformed swivel fists or pendant levers
Check the fists and levers; Replace deformed details
Oil leak from crankcase
Cushion shaft oil wear or worm
Replace the gland
Weakening bolts, fastening steering cutter cover
Tighten the bolts
Damage to sealing pads
Replace stripping
In 1970, before the designers of the Volga Automobile Plant, which at that time had already mastered the production of the first model of the VAZ, was tasked to create a comfortable car increased passibility. At the development stage, many knots and aggregates of the Zhiguli moved to the prototype of the new model. The car turned out quite passenger outwardly, and off-road due to its characteristics of Pentility. At the same time, the cabin turned out to be almost identical with the passenger car.
In 1974, the first 15 samples were produced, which were held full cycle Pre-serial tests. And in mid-1977 the first serial car VAZ-2121 came up from the conveyor. Some time after the launch of the conveyor, the car has gained high popularity due to its reliable design and excellent off-road characteristics. IN best years Up to 80% of the released cars was exported. Not an unimportant role in such popularity of the car played a reliable and competently balanced design of the Niva, which allowed to operate the car in different climatic and road conditions. The combination of a system unit, suspension, rigid two bulk body, transmissions and a reliable steering, provided a long prolonged life on the conveyor. One of the important responsible car systems is considered to be steering, the heart of which is the steering gear.
A worm-type steering gearbox is applied on the field. It provides reliable control of the car at any speeds and in a different road atmosphere. Worm mechanism Equipped with a global type worm (variable shaft diameter) connected to an intermediate shaft, roller. At the outer part of the roller shaft, a tush is installed, which is activated by the rotary mechanism. The rotation of the steering wheel provides the movement of the tower through the worm transmission, it rotates the wheels.
Worm steering mechanism possesses low level Sensitivity to shocks and shocks transmitted from wheels on an uneven road. It has the ability to direct the VAZ car into large angles of rotation and, accordingly, provides excellent car maneuverability. The disadvantage of the worm gear is the complexity in production. Worm steering has many connections, which requires periodic configuration and adjustment.
Worm steering mechanism applied to passenger cars Increased patency with dependent suspension controlled wheels, lungs trucks and buses. The simplicity of the design has an increased resource and a high degree of maintainability. A slight disadvantage may seem slightly increased effort on the steering wheel, arising in a number of reasons. After analyzing the design of the steering gearbox and the loads acting on it, we define the problem areas and ways to solve problems.
The basic is equipped with a worm pair that, when working, causes the steering resistance due to the friction of the worm and worm gear. This is the principle of worm gear, respectively, to completely get rid of this factor there is no possibility. The solution is the use of high-quality lubrication in the gearbox and monitoring the condition of the working surfaces.
In the steering gearbox, two rolling bearings are installed (Worm shaft), two sliding bearings on the shaft shaft (it is also a worm wheel tree). The bearings themselves in a good and lubricant state provide reduced friction of the main parts (and, accordingly, reducing the effort on the steering wheel).
In addition, the pendulum lever will bring their contribution, which rotates on two sliding bearings and ensures the movement of the steering rack. The use of high-quality lubricant and periodic monitoring of the state of antherners, compounds and thrust will reduce the possibility of increased effort on the steering wheel.
Thirdly, six steering fingers should provide a high-quality compound, to work correctly in one planes with the system, and ensure the mobility of the steering mechanism.
Secrets of the mechanism
In addition, the effort is influenced ball supports And their condition. There are four supports on the VAZ 2121, while damage or breakage even one will lead to non-high-quality operation of the entire steering mechanism. Periodic monitoring of the state of anthers, the timely regulatory replacement of the ball, the use of high-quality spare parts positively affect both the reduction of efforts on the steering wheel and the controllability of Niva 2121 as a whole. New ball supports When replacing, it is necessary to check for the amount of lubricant and the integrity of the anther, since the leakage of the cap reduces the resource of the node and causes an increase in friction.
Two front wheels are significantly influenced, which turns into the corners of the road surface. This factor eliminate the laws of physics and the principles of vehicle management.
In all the main mechanisms, the fuel surfaces are metallic (polished, polished, chromed), the quality of their processing and the presence of lubrication are fundamental.
In the steering gearbox VAZ, the bay shaft is equipped with two supports with bronze sleeves, friction between the shaft and the enhanced housing. Bronze sleeves (sliding bearings), due to the fact that in the pair of steel-bronze, the friction coefficient is rather low. But it is still insufficient to achieve minimal resistance, this is paid to the presence of a sufficient amount of consistant lubricant in the steering gearbox. On the other hand, it is possible to use needle rolling bearings in return for bronze bushings.
The fundamental factor in the work of the rolling pair is a decrease in the area of \u200b\u200bcontact of moving parts, since the shaft does not concern the supports, but rotates in the housing through the needles. It occurs only to rolling resistance, which significantly reduces the resistance coefficient, and, accordingly, reduces the effort on the steering column.
In addition, the resource of parts and durability of the steering mechanism increases. Since the bronze sleeves perceive the load over the entire surface, and needle bearings only on rolling line. Applied steel kaneylene needles are able to withstand heavy loads arising in the steering mechanism, depending on the operating conditions of the VAZ 2121.
In the pendulum lever, the sliding bearings can also be replaced with rolling bearings. This will increase the acute management, give ease of control and will contribute to the reliability and durability of the steering mechanism. The periodic monitoring of the state of the anthers and the fingers of the connection with the rail will increase the resource of parts and will retain the ease of control of the Nija 2121.
The use of listed methods and compliance with the rules of periodic control and maintenance will allow to achieve certain results:
- Effort on the steering wheel on different high-speed modesWhen maneuvering reverse And during parking. This increases the safety of the vehicle operation.
- The level of shocks transmitted from wheels on the wheel on the uneven road is reduced. Plays his role in this worm gearwhich reduces the transmission of oscillations and jolts.
- The resource of the operation of loaded parts increases, which increases the durability and reliability of the steering gearbox. If bronze bushings replace rolling bearings that have a longer service life and allowing to maintain seats.
- The efficiency of the steering gearbox and the steering mechanism as a whole increases significantly, which contributes to an increase in the period of operation.
- The effort on the steering wheel is reduced, which has a positive effect on driving a car VAZ.
Repair and assembly
Proper and timely maintenance of the steering gearbox is the key to durable and reliable operation, but there are cases when the breakdowns still happen. In this case, repair with full or partial disassembly is simply not avoiding. When repairing it is necessary to pay attention to some features and important moments, the use of which will increase the reliability of the mechanism and improve its characteristics.
To remove and disassemble the gearbox, it is necessary to hang the front of the machine, remove the steering thrust. From the salon to unscrew the bolt of fastening the supplied shaft from the shaft of the gearbox. Further, disconnect the gearbox from the spar, by unscrewing the three bolts with cash keys. IN motor compartment Remove the hoses and parts that are on the line of steering.
When the gearbox is unscrewed and removed from the shaft in the cabin, then pull it out with open space Wrapping to the left. Special attention It is necessary to reverse the state of the gaskets, their location and degree of wear. Not a reliable seal can lead to loss of lubrication or contamination of the inner cavities. The next step is to unscrew the cork and remove the oil from the steering gearbox, and then you need to unscrew the bumps.
The gearbox put on a stand of two boards so as not to damage the slots of the shaft and unscrew the nut, after - remove the tower. Additionally, you can turn the nut on the shaft to the mutual alignment of the ends. Next, disconnect the steering gear cover, gradually unscrewing the lock nut of the adjusting bolt and remove the lid, gradually shifting it towards the worm.
At the same time, it is especially accurate to be with gaskets if they are in a suitable state, with the slightest jam or reassessing - the gasket must be replaced. The next action takes out the shaft of the tower, you enter the worm shaft and remove the glands. All cavities must be rinsed and rub with a cloth, checking the presence of dents, chips of any other damage. It is also necessary to check the crankcase for the presence of metal chips, which indicates the wear of certain parts. It is necessary to check the gaps and backlats in the mating details, check the wear of the working surfaces. Conducting the steering gear defecting, if necessary, replace damaged parts.
We carry out the assembly in the reverse order, be sure to lubricate the details of the oil, and all the glands consistent lubricant (Litol). Install a new cover with adjusting screw. Mount the tower, tightening the nut as much as possible. Then we set the steering gearbox to the regular place, you must pay special attention to the connection of a worm with an intermediate shaft, throughout and inconsistency are not allowed.
It is also necessary to combine the direction of the tower and steering wheel. The average position of the bump can be determined by calculating the number of revolutions of the shaft and divide into two. Next, we tighten the nuts of the reduction of the gearbox (it is desirable to install new ones), we attach the steering thrust to the compound. We pour oil into the gearbox crankcase and the adjusting bolt choose the backlash in the steering gearbox. In order to avoid damage to the wheel tires and the loss of car charter VAZ 2121, it is necessary to diagnose the collapse (convergence) on the stand.
Adhering to these non-cunning recommendations, you can improve the controllability of the VAZ, improve the safety of the ride, the durability of the steering gearbox and the mechanism as a whole. The use of a worm-type steering gear on VAZ 2121 justifies itself a lot of not that years - decades. Having the need for periodic configuration and maintenance, the gearbox ensures trouble-free operation on the entire service life. The simplicity of design makes it possible to operate the car in any road conditions, without fearing that the steering wheel will bring. Reducer has high maintenance and easy to maintain.
Well no
We carry out work on the observation ditch or lift.
We take out the fastening bolt of the fork of the lower cutting steering shaft for the steering shaft to the tree of the steering mechanism (see the removal of the steering column).
We post and remove the left wheel.
Press the ball fingers from the bores of the tower: medium and lateral.
Take thrust down.
Head "on 17" turn off the nut bolt fastening of the steering mechanism to the left side member
... Holding the bolt from turning the key to the same dimension
We take out the bolt.
Similarly, we turn over and take out the other two bolts of the fastening of the steering mechanism.
Remove the steering mechanism
In the hole in the shield of the front, through which the Worm shaft passes, a rubber sealing sleeve is inserted
The clearance in the bearing worm is determined by the change in the distance between the end of the steering mechanism.
... and a label on the tree of a worm when the shaft turns in different directions.
To adjust the gap in the bearing worm, clamp the crankcase in the vice and the key "on 13" turn the four bolts of the bottom cover mounting bolts
Remove the lid ...
... and adjusting gaskets
Clearance in Bearings Worm reducing the laying or replacement to a thinner
Install the steering mechanism in the reverse order, without tightening the fully nuts of the crankcase mounting bolts.
Fix the steering traction and the intermediate steering shaft.
The assistant turns the steering wheel two or three times right and left until the stop.
In this case, check the installation of steering nodes in regular places.
Tighten the nuts of the crankcase fastening bolts finally.
Steering is designed to change and maintain the direction of the vehicle. The car uses the steering with the left location, front controlled wheels and with a trauma-safe steering wheel.
The steering wheel in the car is located on the left in the direction of movement, which provides better visibility when driving with moving towards transport. Eastern security is ensured by the design of the intermediate shaft of the steering wheel and the special fastening of the steering tree to the car body.
Steering (Fig. 42) consists of a steering mechanism and steering drive.
Fig. 42. Steering:
1 - lateral thrust; 2 - steering tump; 3 - average traction; 4 - pendulum lever; 5 - adjustment coupling; 6 - swivel fist; 7 - turntable lever; 8 - bracket of the pendulum lever; 9 - Bearing; 10 - steering bracket tube; 11 - steering pal; 12 - steering mechanism; 13 - intermediate shaft steering wheel; fourteen - steering column; 15 - steering wheel; 16 - bracket; 17 - ball finger; 18 - rubber case; 19 - the tip of the thrust; 20 - insert; 21 - Spring; 22 - plug.
Steering gear Increases the driver's effort and transmits it to the steering drive.
A worm wheel mechanism is applied by car.
The steering mechanism includes: steering wheel 15, steering shaft 11, intermediate shaft 13 and steering pair (worm and roller).
Steering wheel Two-spoke, plastic, with steel frame. It is fixed on the slots of the upper end of the steering shaft 11, which is installed in the pipe 10 of the bracket 16 in two ball bearings 9. The steering shaft with the steering column 14 using the bracket 16 is attached to the car body.
The mounting bracket to the body is made so that with accidents, the steering shaft 11 with the steering wheel is slightly moved towards the driver than its safety is ensured. The lower end of the steering shaft through the slots is connected to the intermediate shaft 13, which is cardan Val. With two hinges. The intermediate shaft is also connected to the shaft 12 (Fig. 43) worm 11. The worm is installed in the crankcase 4 in two ball bearings 14, the tightening of which is adjustable using pads 15 installed under the cover 16. The worm is in engaging with roller 6, which Mounted 5 steering collar on the axis 17 on the needle bearings 18. The steering shaft is installed in the crankcase 4 in the bronze bushes 3. The engagement of the worm and roller is adjustable using the adjusting screw 7, the head of which is included in the shaft groove 5 steering tower. The adjusting screw will be screwed into the lid 10 and the nut is contacted 8. On the slotted end of the shaft 5 installed steering bump 1.
Fig. 43. Steering mechanism:
1 - steering bump; 2, 13 - glands; 3 - sleeve; 4 - Carter; 5 - shaft of the steering tower; 6 - roller; 7 - adjusting screw; 8 - nut; 9 - Flower plug; 10 - cover; 11 - worm; 12 - Worm shaft; 14 - Bearing; 15 - adjusting gaskets; 16 - lower cover; 17 - the roller axis; 18 - needle bearing.
Steering wheel drive Transmits effort from the steering mechanism to controlled wheels. The steering wheel provides the correct rotation of the car controlled wheels.
The steering wheel drive (see Fig. 42) includes: steering tower 2, pendulum lever 4, side 1 and middle 3 thrust with hinges and levers of 7 swivel fists. A steering wheel drive with a split steering trapezium is used. A steering trapezium provides a rotation of the car controlled wheels of various angles (an inner wheel for a larger angle than outer). It is located behind the axis of the front wheels. The steering trapezium consists of three transverse traction and levers 7, hingedly interconnected. The average thrust 3 steering trapezoid is performed solid. One end is connected to the steering tower 2, and the other - with a pendulum lever 4, which is fixed motionless on the axis installed in two plastic sleeves in the bracket 10, fixed on the car body. Side traction 1 consists of two tips, interconnected by adjustment clutch 5, fixed on the tips of the clamps. This allows you to change the length of the side of the steering trapezium when adjusting the convergence of the front controlled wheels of the car. The connection of medium thrust and side railway tape tape and the pendulum lever, as well as side loads with levers 7 of the swivel fists, is made using ball hinges, which provide the possibility of relative movement of the steering parts in horizontal and vertical planes while simultaneously reliable transmission efforts between them. Ball hinges are placed in the tips of the 19 steering. Finger 17 spherical head relies on a cone plastic liner 20, which is pressed by spring 21, eliminating the clearance in the hinge when wear. The ball hinge from one end is closed with a cap, and with another protected by a rubber cover. A hinge finger with its conical part is hard to fasten into the parts of the steering drive, to which the steering thrust joins.
Stabilization of controlled wheels. The forces acting on the car seek to reject the controlled wheels from the position corresponding to the straight-line movement. To prevent the rotation of the wheels under the influence of the disturbing forces (the impacts from the drum on the irregularity of the road, the gusts of the wind, etc.), the controlled wheels must have appropriate stabilization. What it is better better management Car, higher traffic safety, less wear tire and steering.
By car, the stabilization of controlled wheels is provided by inclons of their axis of rotation in transverse and longitudinal planes and the elastic properties of the pneumatic tire.
Transverse tilt axis (Fig. 44, a), characterized by an angle β, when rotating the wheel causes the front of the car to some height H. At the same time, the mass of the front of the car seeks to return the wheel to a position corresponding to a straight-line movement.
Longitudinal tilt axis (Fig. 44, b), determined by the angle γ, creates a shoulder A, on which reactions occurring when the wheel turns between the bus and the road at the points of their touch. These reactions help return the wheel to a neutral position.
In the car "Niva" VAZ-2121 tilts of the axis of rotation of controlled wheels are: transverse β \u003d 3 ° 30 "± 30", longitudinal γ \u003d 6 ° 10 "± 30". The transverse tilt of the axis of turn on the car is adjusted by adjusting washers 39 (), installed between the top 38 axis and the front suspension bracket 2. The longitudinal tilt of the turn axis is regulated by washers 44 (), which are installed on the axis 46 of the lower lever 1 of the front suspension.
Page 1 of 2
Steering - with mechanical connection, without amplifier. The steering mechanism is "a global worm - a two-graze roller", gear ratio of the gearbox - 16.4.
The steering trapezium is formed by three steering traction (one average and two side), compass, pendulum lever and swivel fist levers.
Side traction consists of two tips connected by a threaded cutting clutch.
On the inner (short) tip - right thread, on the outer - left.
On the coupling coupling, the thread is also of different directions, so when it turns it, the length of the lateral thrust may increase or decrease, which is needed to adjust the convergence of the wheels.
The coupling is fixed on the tips of the tight clamps. At the ends of the steering, there are ball hinges. Their fingers have a conical landing in the levers and fixed in them with naits with linings.
The ball head rotates in the plastic liner, pressing the spring to the hinge body.
The other end of the spring rests on the steel plug, sprung into the hinge body.
Due to the taper of the outer surface of the liner and the inner surface of the hinge body, when tipping the liner, the backlash is selected between the liner and the ball head of the finger. To make sure that the liner is not flared in the housing, hand or mounting spatula are pressed on the hinge body in the direction of the finger - while the finger should go inside the housing by 0.5-1.5 mm.
When the hinge is jammed or tangible, the steering craving (steering tip) is replaced in it.
From moisture and mud hinge is protected by a rubber cover, pressing on the body. If the cover is damaged, immediately replace it, removing the old lubricant from the surface of the hinge and adding a new one (SRB-4).
The bracket of the pendulum lever is attached to the right side member with two bolts with self-locking nuts.
Case bracket - cast, from aluminum alloy. It has two plastic bushings in which the axis of the pendulum lever rotates.
On top and bottom to the axis, the washers are put on, which push the sleeve to the bracket housing. The lower washer rests on the pendulum lever, fixed on the axis self-locking nut, the top - in the nickety with a pin. This nut is tightened on the removed bracket so that the pendulum lever does not turn under its own weight, but only under load 1-2 kgf.
Litol-24 lubrication is laid on the working surfaces of the sleeves and into the space between the axis and the case. To protect against dirt, two rubber sealing rings installed between the washers and the lever housing are served.
When wearing the bushings, they are replaced by, with the wear of the housing or axis, replace the bracket.
The steering mechanism is attached by three bolts with self-locking nuts to the left side member. Its housing is cast, from aluminum alloy.
In its lower (elongated) part, two bronze bushings are pressed, in which the shaft of the steering tower rotates.
On the lower slotone end of the shaft of the nut the steering tower is fixed (it is installed on the shaft only in a certain position).
At the top of the shaft, a tide with a neckline was made; It has a two-graze roller, rotating in ball or needle bearings.
In the t-shaped groove on the top end of the shaft enters the head of the screw, which is adjusted by the gap between the roller and the worm (see below).
Axial backlash head in the groove should not exceed 0.05 mm; This is achieved by the selection of the thickness of the adjusting plate worn on the screw.
The screw moves along the thread in the steering cover and stops the nut and the curly washer.
The worm of the steering mechanism rotates in two balls of radially resistant bearings, the gap in which is regulated by the selection of pads between the housing and the bottom cover (the oil is poured out of the mechanism, at the end of the adjustment it is necessary to restore its level).
With a properly adjusted gap, the moment of turning the craft shaft (with the filmed tower shaft) should be within 20-49 N.SM. If it is less, reduce the thickness of the package of pads, if more - increase.
After installing the tower shaft, the gap in the engagement of the roller with the worm: the moment of resistance to turning the Worm shaft when turning 30 ° to the right-left from the middle position should be 88-118 N.Sm, and at large angles - no more than 69 N.Sm.
In practice, the simplest control is as follows: on the removed steering mechanism, the worm shaft must turn from the hand with a noticeable increase in effort near the middle position, the axial loft of the shaft should not be.
For filling the oil into the steering mechanism, a hole closed with a threaded plug is provided in the top cover.
The transmission oil is poured to the edges of this hole (0.215 l), they control the level.
Oil leakage is possible from under the bottom of the Worm shaft bearing cover (due to its deformation) or through the glands of the cushion shafts and the worm.
Repair of the gearbox at home (with the exception of adjusting the gaps and replace the glands) is not recommended. The steering shaft is two-link, consists of the upper and intermediate shafts.
The upper shaft rotates in two bearings with rubber sleeves spangled in the tree bracket tube.
In the lower part to the shaft, a ring with a groove is welded, which includes a shut-off rigel anti-theft device. A steering wheel is fixed on the top slot end of the shaft, the nut of its attachment is blocked.
The intermediate shaft has on the ends cardan hinges with cut slotted tips, tightened by bolts; The bottom is connected to the Worm shaft, the top - with the upper steering shaft.
The injuries of the steering is ensured by folding the steering shaft due to driven hinges and a special fastening of the steering shaft bracket. The latter is attached to the body bracket at four points: on top - on welded bolts with nuts and washers, from below - with special tear-off bolts with fixing plates.
In the collision of the edge of the locking plates deform and skip through the rectangular holes of the steering shaft bracket.
At the same time, due to the folding of the steering shaft, the steering wheel moves not back, and up and forward, reducing the likelihood of injuries of the driver's chest.
