According to the tradition of the traditional and moral ideas that determine the professional position of the person being established in the science and language practice, they are reflected in the categories of "Professional Debt", "Professional Responsibility", "Professional Conscience", "Professional Dignity", "Professional Honor".
Consider them.
The first of the listed categories plays a special, key role not only in theoretical, but also in practical terms. It is not by chance that the concept of debt in ethics began to be developed one of the first. I. Kant considered the head of the main conductor of the moral law. The goodwill of a person on the coordination of his actions with other people is heading by the voice of the debt, coming from the depths of the soul. This voice is the strongest motivation to actions for the benefit of yourself and everyone.
Concept professional duty It is formed in an individual consciousness in the process of interaction with professional community. Interiorization ("assignment") Individual content of professional representations of the labor group is far from immediately and not in full. Therefore, it does not immediately come to a person and awareness of professional debt - prescription systems that must be followed.
How to determine the professional debt of a public relations specialist? In the first approximation, it sounds like this: this developed by the Commonwealth of organizations of various levels is an idea of \u200b\u200bobligations to society, which they voluntarily take on themselves, conforming to the place and rolehis profession in public life.
For example, the debt of specialists in public relations to customers is to say everything that they need to know. Could a professional blend information, silence the unpopular idea, refrain from critical thoughts? It would be similar to the fact that the doctor would shift about the developing disease, and the lawyer would not warn about a possible legal "trap." And how do practitioners should behave with the management of the company, if they are obvious to the shortcomings of the promoted products or its danger to human life? In such cases, the meaninglessness of any diplomacy is obvious. The ability to say what wishes to hear the boss or customer can sometimes lead to temporary success, but it has nothing to do with professionalism in public relations.
Initially, every professional activity is focused on meeting certain social needs and, therefore, seeks to ensure that its result arranged society. However, there are circumstances capable of bringing this desire for no.
Should a specialist in public relations behave like a diplomat, and always please a client, expressing opinions only for him?
And if this specialist believes that the customer company pursues a policy capable of making a catastrophe?
And if our statements do not like the employer?
Any professional activity, especially if it is creative, to one degree or another is doomed to the risk, the unpredictability of the consequences of its result. But where are the scales that would allow to unmistakably determine, legitimately or wrongfully risk in each particular case? In practice, one moral phenomenon detects its regulatory function, which is indicated by the category "Responsibility". And when it comes to professional activities and professional risks, professional responsibility is a regulator of behavior. The personality of the professional, being a personal carrier of professional responsibility, acts as a guarantor of conscientious fulfillment of professional debt and minimizing the negative effects of its activities. Being professionally responsible - it means to guarantee society a qualitative performance of your professional debt and be able to find opportunities for this in any circumstances.
Another guarantor of professional debt performance - professional conscience.This category denotes the views in which the memory of the professional community about emotional states experienced by a person during work and forming the internal environment of the activity process. Interiorized personality, such ideas are becoming a factor capable of playing a prompt role, and double: stimulate responsible pro fessional behavior and warn irresponsible.
An objective start of professional conscience is a real relationship between the internal state of a person and the assessment of its professional behavior, the criterion of which is a relationship to professional debt. The measure of such a dependence among different people is different, conscientious, respectively, too. In professional conscience, a special installation of a personality for professional actions, capable of causing a state of peace of mind, internal comfort.
Professional conscience of a public relations specialist is a sensitive indicator of compliance with individual behavior of the moral standards of professional community. This is a kind of thermometer that fixes the "temperature" of professional actions. Normal "temperature" - a man is good, on the heart calmly. Abnormal - conscience "torments", deprives sleeping and peace. But all this, of course, with an indispensable condition: if a professional conscience is a specialist.
Categories " professional dignity "and" Professional Honor "also form the basis of the professional position of the specialist. The feature of these categories is that they are denoted representations having a value character.With a vocational debt, they are associated with no less close relationships than those that associate their professional responsibility and professional conscience. However B. this case These relationships are mediated by self-esteem.
In describing various kinds of collisions in ethics, the category "Human dignity" is used, denoting the idea of \u200b\u200bthe significance of human life. In the category "Professional dignity" reflects the idea of \u200b\u200bthe importance of this profession for society and recognizing this significance by society. This significance acquires the nature of the professional value that must be preserved as any value.
The idea of \u200b\u200bthe significance of the profession may be more or less adequate - it all depends on the subjective moment. At the level of the individual, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe social significance of the profession in a particular person is complemented personal self-esteem. The idea of \u200b\u200bits own significance - about his role in the labor group and recognizing the group of this role. Forms such self-esteem, a person for the degree of conformity of his professional actions, its professional behavior of the criteria for the social significance of the profession learned by him during professional formation. However, the measure of its own professional significance is not always completely: self-esteem may be either overestimated or understated.
In such cases, we are talking about the bloated or understated sense of professional dignity. Professional dignity at the level of personality manifests itself in the form of an installation on actions, each of which must comply with the social significance of the profession and the public idea of \u200b\u200bthis significance. Together with the fall of professional dignity, the significance of this labor group falls, the prestige of this kind of activity is reduced.
Category " professional honor"Reflects another aspect of professional-moral relations having a value nature. Its roots - in the actual dependence between the moral level of one or another professional community and the attitude of society to this profession. If professional-moral standards of the Labor Group are consistent with the general moral law and is confirmed by the behavior of its members, the moral authority of such a group strengthens its social influence and position. Representations of the level of compliance of professional-moral standards of the corporation with a general moral law are enshrined in the minds of the members of the Corporation as a value. For group members, it becomes necessary to focus on this level, striving for the unconditional performance of professional debt, without any "moral limits". This is the ideas about professional honor.
At the level of personality, an appropriate psychological installation is formed, her willingness to live and act in such a way as not to post a professional honor. The desire to support a professional honor turns into a significant motive of responsible professional behavior. Installation for the maintenance of professional honor speaks for a professional and as a criterion during self-esteem by their own actions.
However, as in all other cases, the measure and the depth of assimilation of the content standing for the concept of "professional honor", people are not the same. On one pole - professionals who exhibit incredible composure, excerpt and courage in the name of maintaining professional honor. On the other - people who are eliminated by the protection of "Honor Unidir", i.e. To the actions focused on concealing the mismatch between a vocational-moral approach to the performance of professional debt and a general moral law. "Honor of Mundir" in this case is a pseudenalty, developed to protect corporate interests, contrary to the interests of other corporations or society as a whole.
We often hear: "Care of a doctor", "the matter of honor", "the case of a teacher's honor", etc. (a series can continue until the transfer of occupations will end). In these statements, at the level of everyday consciousness, the compliance of the profession with a general moral law on the main basis is emphasized - quality of professional debt . About a specialist who highly carries its professional honor, consistently develops sustainable approving public opinion. Most often it takes the form reputation- Spontaneously determined and widely spread high assessment of his professional moral appearance. The reputation of the specialist is the reaction of society to the results of his professional activities.
Thus, we marked decent guidelines on the difficult way to form a professional morality, which begins with the formation of a professional position, development and choice of key profession and moral ideas accumulated by the service community. The position determines the willingness to act in accordance with these ideas, it is the foundation of the system of vocational-moral behavior regulators.
website / Alexander Avilov
Driver's license Can split on professional and amateur. With such an initiative, the guild of driving schools turned to the authorities, the site Chairman of the professional community Sergey Lobarev said. According to him, driving training should consist of a basic course for ordinary motorists, and advanced, for future taxi drivers, public transport and trucks. The Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Public Association Affairs, Yaroslav Nilov, said that the driving school initiative would be considered in parliament.
Since 2014, all graduates of driving schools that successfully undergo testing in the traffic police receive professional driver's licenses. "Today, all the cadets driving schools receive professional rights. Even those who have a category M - moped, or a - motorcycle. But which of them are professionals? This is nonsense," Lobarev told.
He also stressed that in Russia the driver is considered a professional immediately after receiving rights. At the same time, in European practice for this it is necessary to correspond to a number of conditions. And first of all, have a certain trouble-free experience. "Abroad pays more attention to practice. We have a practical training course is 56 hours, they have from a hundred hours with the possibility of leaving high-speed highways. Abroad, the future driver first receives a certificate without the right to hire. And only after two or three years. He experience without disturbances, he can pass exams for receiving a certificate of professional competence, "Lobarev said.
According to him, professional drivers must study the rules for the carriage of large-sized cargo, logistics bases, receiving control machines with front, rear and complete drive.
According to the Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Public Association Affairs, Yaroslav Nilova, to become a professional, a person must pass a special training course and master special skills.
"He is obliged to perfectly manage the car in all weather conditions, be able to provide the first help victims in an accident, adequately respond to any abnormal situations," the deputy stressed. The parliament is ready to consider the supply of the Guild of the driving school, Nilov said.
According to the interregional public transport trade union, about 1 million taxi drivers are operating in Russia today. In Moscow there are 30-35 thousand taxi drivers and about 50 thousand public transport drivers.
The separation of amateur and professional rights existed in the USSR. "Amateur" categories A (motorcycles) and in ( cars). Trucks, buses and heavy trailers belonged to the professional field of activity. In addition, there were three classes of driving skills, which depended on the level of salary. So, the first class driver could manage any technique and received the greatest bet.
Today, the rights to the moped or motorcycle can be obtained from 16 years old machine and a truck with 18. Open the category D, which gives the right to manage buses, can only drivers who have reached 21 years. The same rules apply to trams and trolleybuses. And to obtain rights with the open category E (trailers weighing over 750 kg), a driver's experience is also needed from one year.
An ordinary person is quite a minimum of knowledge and skills that will allow him to safely drive personal car. A professional should be more seriously prepared, I am sure the deputy chairman of the union of public transport workers "Taxi driver" Andrei Popkov.
"The amateur responds only for himself and his family. A professional is responsible for the life and health of customers. Plus, any commercial activity is associated with observance of labor and recreation regimes. As a result, the responsibility is greater, more attention, the concentration is maximum for the entire work shift. So the preparation should be better, "he said.
The coordinator of the Truckers Association Valery Voitko noted that the need to revive professional rights are crowded for a long time. "Now, often, everything comes down to the following scheme. I received the rights of category B, I traveled a year on the onboard" Gazelle ", Naskoro reincursed to the category C - and now he is already a ready-made trucker. Of course, I can not go about any professionalism in such a situation. "He told.
According to him, the driver must be able to make the accompanying documentation, change the wheel or even replace the nozzle. "He should not just get from one point to another, but to do this with maximum fuel savings and at the same time put on time. Some skills come with experience, but it is possible to teach a lot in a driving school," Votko said.
Recall, over the past year, a number of initiatives were issued in the attitude of the driving schools for consideration in the authorities. So, the Federation Council performed with a proposal to control cars with a capacity of more than 100 horse power. The State Duma introduced a bill that allows people with limited physical abilities (with disabilities) to prepare for exams. In the traffic police offered to send driving instructors on. Deputies of the Moscow City Duma together with youth activists and the Cossacks launched raids. The inspections touched on curricula, the state of autodromes and training machines. And it is also considered the possibility of partial limitation or a complete ban on the junction on the roads of Moscow.
A number of innovations touched the metropolitan taxi. In particular, it is proposed to post on urban taxi stickers with a number by calling for which you can. For example, if the taxi driver violates traffic rules or aggressively behaves on the road. Also considered the possibility of starting the service. As part of this project, by the end of the year, it is planned to be installed for electric vehicles.
Classes of drivers are spelled out in the qualifying reference book of workers professions, which are established monthly salaries (from 1984). The directory is relevant in the territory Russian Federation And today, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia 12.05.1992.
Class of drivers in categories depending on the work performed
Grade 3 driver.
- Manage cars of categories "B", "C", "D".
- Control lifting mechanism dump trucks, truckra, and other special equipment, subject to all safety regulations.
- Manage cars with installed special sound and light signals.
- Towing trailers weighing up to 750 kg.
- Refueling cars fuel lubricant materials and coolant.
- Registration travel sheets, other travel documents.
- Check technical status Car and approval of reception before leaving on line
- Delivery of the car and putting it in a parking place when returning from the route to the Automotive Economy.
- Feeding cars for loading and under cargo unloading.
- Controlling the correctness and completeness of loading, placement, fastening of goods in the car body.
- Small repair of motor vehicles. Elimination during operation on the route of small malfunctions of TCs that do not require disassembling mechanisms.
Class 2 driver.
- Towing trailers weighing more than 750 kg.
- Elimination of vehicles that have arisen during operation, requiring dismantling mechanisms.
- Performance adjusting work In the field in the absence of technical assistance.
Grade 1 driver.
- Manage cars of categories "B", "C", "E", "D", "De".
- Knowledge of destination, devices and rules maintenance motor vehicles.
- Effect influence operational indicators TC at the cost of transportation.
- To know the ways to ensure high-performance and economical use of the vehicle, the main technical and operational quality of the vehicle and their effect on the safety of the vehicle.
The grounds for assigning the classroom drivers.
Third grades Assigns to drivers with a driver's license with the open categories "B", and (or) "C", or only "D".
Second grate Assigns to drivers with a driver's license with the open categories "B", "C", "D" or "B", "C", "E" or "D", "E". Continuous work experience is needed by a 3-class driver for more than 3 years in one enterprise.
First grate Assigns to drivers with a driver's license, in which the categories "B", "C", "E" and "D" are open. There is a continuous work experience as a driver of 2 class for more than 2 years in one enterprise.
Supplement for drivers' class.
Regulatory documents of the Russian Federation compulsory payments as an additional charge for drivers are not provided. In the USSR, a decree of the CPSU Central Committee dated September 17, 1986, according to which 10% was added to the leaders of the 2nd grade, and the 1st class drivers were 25% installed at the tariff rate spent time.
Supplements of the 1st and 2nd class drivers can only be carried out in the case of the adoption of local regulatory documents At a particular enterprise.
Classroom drivers across
Get the first driving class for insurance companies is easy. The execution of the OSAGO policy will be much cheaper, if not falling into an accident during the last insurance year. Insurers are prescribed by drivers driver classes In order to discard the skill level of the car owner. The smaller the accidents were issued through the insurance company for a particular period of time, the higher the category of class of the driver and the less he will pay for the purchase of the OSAGO policy. The insurance system includes a list of drivers' grades not only trouble-free driving, but also other factors, such as the age of the driver, its driving experience, dates of assigning categories on a driver's license, etc.
Table Calculation of the driver's class of OSAGO KBM
| Class | KBM | Rise in price – Discount | The number of insurance cases (payments) that occurred during the period of the previous CPU agreements | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| Class that will be assigned | |||||||
| M. | 2,45 | 145% | 0 | M. | M. | M. | M. |
| 0 | 2,3 | 130% | 1 | M. | M. | M. | M. |
| 1 | 1,55 | 55% | 2 | M. | M. | M. | M. |
| 2 | 1,4 | 40% | 3 | 1 | M. | M. | M. |
| 3 | 1 | not | 4 | 1 | M. | M. | M. |
| 4 | 0,95 | 5% | 5 | 2 | 1 | M. | M. |
| 5 | 0,9 | 10% | 6 | 3 | 1 | M. | M. |
| 6 | 0,85 | 15% | 7 | 4 | 2 | M. | M. |
| 7 | 0,8 | 20% | 8 | 4 | 2 | M. | M. |
| 8 | 0,75 | 25% | 9 | 5 | 2 | M. | M. |
| 9 | 0,7 | 30% | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 | M. |
| 10 | 0,65 | 35% | 11 | 6 | 3 | 1 | M. |
| 11 | 0,6 | 40% | 12 | 6 | 3 | 1 | M. |
| 12 | 0,55 | 45% | 13 | 6 | 3 | 1 | M. |
| 13 | 0,5 | 50% | 13 | 7 | 3 | 1 | M. |
The cost of the policy of OSAGO depending on class, KBM
The cost of the OSAGA policy directly depends on the CBM class according to the table above.
The table presented shares drivers into several classes by category. The first column is indicated by the driver class at the time of car insurance. The driver who is first addressed to the company's representative for execution of the OSAGA policy is automatically assigned 3 class. After 1 year and every year, the driver will change gradually depending on the insurance cases and the absence of accidents.
In the second line of the table, a valid discount is indicated, then the Bonus-Malus coefficient in percent.
In the last column, the presence or absence of insured events during the last insurance period is indicated.
The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation has prepared significant changes to the Federal Law No. 196-FZ "On Security road"From 10.12.1995. In the case of the entry into force of the changes, in our country drivers will share lovers and professionals. So, it is planned that drivers who manage cars for carrying out entrepreneurial activities or work drivers will have to take back to retraining in 5 years. Driving schools and take exams. Successful exams will confirm the special mark in driver's license.
That is, the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation proposes to return the old system of issuing rights, dividing the driver's license for lovers and professionals. In order for this law to work, it is also planned to make amendments to the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation". As part of these amendments, which will be developed that will be divided between drivers by lovers and drivers by professionals.
In particular, for driver drivers, lightweight training programs will be developed, within which it will be possible to learn only in the category "A1", "A", "B1", "B", "D1", "D1E", "C1", " C1E. "
In order to get categories "C", "D", "E" (and their subcategories for transporting trailers) to work on hiring, drivers will need to undergo a special program of training and then pass special, receiving a lot in driver's license.
In this case, all professional drivers will need to be retracted 1 time in 5 years in a special educational institution, after which the exams in the traffic police are passing. According to the results of the exams, a new mark will be affixed for 5 years, which allows you to drive a car when using the machine in business purposes.
Currently, the draft law on the division of lovers and professional drivers published on a single portal of draft legal acts for public discussion. We conducted a traditional analysis of the new law and decided to answer all the questions that may arise from motorists in connection with its possible introduction in the coming years.
Is it possible to take on the job of lovers drivers?
According to the new law, which developed the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, legal entities And individual entrepreneurs are forbidden to allow driving vehicles management, with a marker about the professional competence of the driver, indicating its term of operation.
That is, in fact, in the event of the entry into force, drivers who do not have a special mark in the driver's license will not be able to get a job. Those who will work as a driver at the time of the law entering into force will most likely be sent to employers for retraining to a driving school with subsequent re-examing exams that will confirm the professional classification of drivers for employment.
What liability will be provided if the amateur driver will drive a car on which entrepreneurial and labor activity is carried out?
The law business of the Ministry of Transport, which makes changes to the Federal Law "On Road Safety" provides for amending Article 25. So the article is proposed to be supplemented with paragraph 4.1.
Here is an excerpt from the new law:
... 4.1 The right to managing vehicles in the implementation of entrepreneurial and labor activities is confirmed by a driver's license with a mark on the professional competence of the driver, indicating its term of operation ...
That is, in the case of the new law entering into force, managing a car for entrepreneurial or labor activity without a special mark of the traffic police will be prohibited. So in the future, such a violation will be equated to driving.
For how long will the driver's rights be issued?
According to the draft law, it is planned that professional rights will be issued for 5 years. This will be regulated by paragraph 6.1 of Article 25 of the Law "On Road Safety". Here is an excerpt from the new law:
... 6.1. The driver's professional competence mark confirms the driver's right to carry out entrepreneurial and labor activities related to transportation of vehicles for a period of 5 years ...
What do you need to make a driver to a professional after the expiration of the 5-year term?
According to innovations after the expiration of the five-year term, drivers-professionals for the implementation of entrepreneurial and labor activity driving vehicles are obliged to undergo vocational training on the advanced training program. Then contact the traffic police providing medical certificate about the absence of contraindications to control the vehicle and pass qualification exams. After successfully passing the examinations in the rights of the professional driver, a special mark is affirmed confirming the driver tolerance to transport management.
What categories can be discovered as an amateur driver?
According to the new law, the amateur driver having passed a shortened training course in a driving school can receive the following categories: "A", "A1", "in", "B1", "d1", "d1e", "c1", "c1e".
What categories can be discussed only by passing professional training in a driving school?
According to a new bill in the case of its signing and entry into force, in order to open in the Rights of the category "D", "De", "C", "CE" need to pass special training in educational institution And pass the appropriate exams in the traffic police. These categories will need to confirm every 5 years, pass over and retract examinations in the traffic police.
