Usually, four-cylinder engines are not distinguished by something of the total mass of simple engines, but some of them went against the system. I offer you a selection of 8 top four-cylinder engines over the past 20 years.
Honda F20C / F22C
240 horses in a two-liter engine and a red zone of 9000 rpm is strong. This engine Putal Honda S2000 until the production stop itself in 2009. Later, a larger F22C appeared (in the image).
Mitsubishi 4G63.
He has been with us for many decades and it was installed in many cars in different forms - SOHC, DOHC, injector, carburetor, turbocharged, etc. Undoubtedly, the most famous appearance of 4F63 became Evolution from Mitsubishi Lancer.. The last Evo with this engine was the model IX, the capacity of which was 370l.s.
VW EA888.
Perhaps one of the most unreliable engines from this list, however, there is no doubt in its capacity and potential. VW Golf R and Audi S3 thanks to him boasting three hundred mares under the hood, and, although it does not come in comparison with the power of the previous engine, you will understand all the advantages of this baby, if you think about saving fuel.
This engine made a revolution in the automotive industry, proving that a powerful car can also be economical. Bravo.
Alfa Romeo Twin Spark
The most popular engine car brand Alfa Romeo is considered to be BUSSO V6, however, do not forget about the old good Twin Spark. Additional spark plugs designed to improve efficiency internal combustion, Gave this handsome a memorable name.
Alas, the technology did not fit what to do. On average, such engines had a volume from 1.4 to 2.0 liters and power up to 150 hp.
Subaru EJ25.
The case becomes a strange turn. The engine is quite popular, but there is a lot of reasons why he just can not be here. They are terribly unreliable, firing gasoline verts, but this list would still be incomplete without a traditional SUBARU engine. Let him old, non-ideal and voracious, we love him. Why talk about his chic sound!
Volvo B230ft.
Power and reliability - these are two key quality this engine. Its simple design earned for him the glory of one of the most reliable engines on the planet, moreover, the most powerful versions squeeze to 190 hp. Well, isn't it gorgeous?
Well, jdm-pin, waited? The old man SR20DET began to produce more than 20 years ago, and where he just did not have visited this time. Reliable, easy to tuning, cheap in service, can squeeze huge power - well, how not to love him?
Toyota 3S-GE
In general, the entire line of these engines is very worthy, but I would like to focus on the fifth generation known as Blacktop. 207 horses at 7600 rpm - not every engine boasts. And yes, it was installed only in one single car: Toyota Altezza RS200. Not everyone will understand, not many will remember.
If you ever have a strange desire, my advice to you, never, hear, never take the motor in the V4 configuration. You will lose more than getting. V4 is one of the most rare engine configurations that can only be purchased, it may only argue with it. rotary engine Vankel. And if something happens with your V4, then it will replace it as not easy, ask about the difficulty of fixing such a motor of any owner of the Zaporozhts. Meanwhile, the very idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a small V-shaped engine is quite interesting in itself. And it is worth paying a little attention to this miniature crown of the automotive industry.
Just a few autocompany in the world have established more or less mass production V4 motors and in fact none of these models lived in production to the present day. Among the auto companies engaged in the assembly of V4 indicate: Lancia. (Italians have some manicale craving for unusual things. Layout V4 has taken root on the company's cars and even honored a number of models in its presence), Ford of Britain. (The British division of Ford company was also noticed in the production of the model with V4. The car was called ESSEX V4), the division in Germany also produced the Tunus V4 model, the engine was used in addition to this and Saab.What made the Swedish brand relatively popular thanks to working with this type of engines. AMC. (American automotive company) used V4 on small, but fairly universal military jeeps and finally, domestic ZaporozhetsOne of the most popular Soviet cars could boast an unusual V-engine.
Moreover, this engine was installed on two models in a row, the first Soviet Mirolitrazhka ZAZ-965, which received the nickname "humpback" and the second ZAZ-968, called "eared" or "Cheburashka".
The layout of the car as a whole and an unusual, quite technological and rare engine hinted on the originality of this means of movement. No wonder our domestic car and the main acting face of many jokes called Soviet Porsche.
On the listed models, in principle, the history of the use of V4 on serial vehicles is ends.
The only exception can be considered a reincarnation, a small miracle. After a few decades, the V4 engine returned and no longer be, and in the world of auto racing, Porsche began a limited release of V4 for its racing hybrid models. But even such a giant and manufacturer of premium cars do not intend to go on the mass production of these motors. Sorry! Why so it turns out?
Why did the V4 not become a mass engine?
Unpopularity of V4 engines There are many reasons and one of the most serious arguments against V4 is the cost of producing a low-pass motor.
The first reason: big value. For this type of engine, it takes two times more cylinder heads and exhaust manifolds than for a row four-cylinder engine, twice as large camshafts and several times more valves with all the auxiliary systems.
And it would be meaning in all these costs, so no, everything wasted. No advantage in power or torque in essence, this type of engines is not capable. Yes, V4 with cylinder collapse in 90 ° is more balanced, it is also a bit more compact with its nearest competitive-row four-cylinder power unit, it looks steeper in open spaceBut due to the production of this engine inherent in the production of this engine, the expediency of its mass use is almost zero.
People who know the history of automotive will say, stop, but there is another example of a four-cylinder engine, which is also expensive and is impracticious in production. with collapse of 180 °. It has the same number of cylinders and heads, the same additional costs were associated with its production as when laying V4. So why it became relatively popular, but V4 is not?
Indeed, opposite engines won their niche. They were released millions and millions will be still produced. From to, from Lancia before and of course, the legislator of the opposite fashion is, everyone uses opposite engines. Models with this option of engines are really produced dozens. So what is the difference?
There is a difference and it is essential. The main advantages of the opposite engine is its low gravity center, compact dimensions, low levels Noise and vibrations due to the horizontal location of cylinders and the movement of the pistons in the horizon plane. Also, an important role is played by the high resource of the boxer, the engines of this layout of these layout have passed millions of kilometers.
These positive points from a production point of view are sufficient to close their eyes to the disadvantages that are in technologically opposite Engine Also not enough: a complex device, expensive repair, high service costs.
Perhaps the last disadvantages of the opposite layout and advocated Soviet engineers of Cossacks to draw attention to the V4, affordable and inexpensive service was extremely important in the country where it was necessary to save and where the network of auto services was not developed. Soviet people independently cleaned their cars and managed to do with it thanks to the simplicity of car designs.
Also, the indisputable advantage was the fact that V-shaped four-cylinder engines occupied less space than their row beings. No wonder they were raised everywhere on compact cars.
Nevertheless, with the further development of technologies and the emergence of the engines in 70-80, the last undeniable advantage of the V-shaped small motor Palo. And with an unusual layout, I had to say goodbye finally.
What about motorcycles? There, too, were V-4. Absolutely right. In a sports and just powerful motorcycle, this type of engines took root very well. For several decades, it is used in Vmax Motorcycles, Sports Bakers Sports Grand Prix and other types of motorcycles where compactness, power and ease are needed.
Is there a future in V4 in cars?
Despite the unsuccessful experience in the automotive sphere, write off these unusual engines yet early. In the current rapid situation in the market of demand and supply of motor vehicles and constantly changing avant-garde technologies, it can very well be that automakers will change their approach to these unique aggregates and begin to use them, say in hybrid or bio methane cars. Why not? No wonder they say that a new one is well forgotten old. This saying is how it is impossible to apply to automobile Technologies. Porsche returned to V4 on racing hybrid hypercars. So why others will miss this opportunity and serial models?
And fifth series - the penultimate generation (323i, 325i and 523i, 525i), as well as on the x3 crossover of the first generation (25SI).
The resource of the motor is determined by the wear of the cylinder piston group - 150,000 km. The quality of parts at a satisfactory level. The engine has a lot of technically complex and capricious systems and nodes characteristic of the N series - they begin to annoy the onset of the natural wear of cylinders and piston rings.
The block of cylinders is cast from magnesium alloy. It is very difficult to work with it when the motor is restored, in particular during welding. The walls of the cylinders are covered with alusil (aluminum-silicon alloy). In the theory, it is wear-resistant, but in practice it is actively stepping up abrasive, which is formed from deposits when itching and running the piston rings, which is very inclined to this engine. The reason is to reduce the thickness of the rings, which significantly affected their rigidity. Less rigid rings lose their original geometry faster, they are locked and actually cease to work. Hence the increased oil consumption characteristic of the N52 motor. By the way, this is one of the trends in modern engine station: a loss of mass affects reliability.
The high oil appetite of the engine is heated and other malfunctions. To 100,000 km of mileage, the wear of the guide sleeves causes an increased hollow of the valve valves of the MRM system, which is why oil through the oil-circulation caps is falling directly into the combustion chamber. A block of ventilation unit of crankcase gases and ventilation unit. Approximately, there is a flow of oil sediments to score its valve - and it begins to actively drive the oil in the inlet pipeline.
The timing chain and coupling of the changing phases of gas distribution usually do not live longer than 150,000 km. Due to uneven stretching, the chain begins to make noise and can even jump into a pair of teeth. In the worst cases, its breakdown is possible - and the meeting of pistons and valves is inevitable. In addition to mechanical wear of the couplings in the phase change mechanism (after 100,000 km), oil deposits are scored by the solenoid of their control. Because of this, the motor goes into emergency mode.
After 100,000 km of mileage begins to capricious system of the variable lift inlet valves (Valvetronic), replacing the usual throttle valve. Frequently encloses its control electromotor. In addition, due to the active ingress of oil into the combustion chamber on the valves, Nagar is growing, which leads to their incomplete closure (especially on turns idle move), and the sensitive system perceives it as a malfunction and lights the lamp Check Engine on the instrument panel.
The N52 motor does not have factory repair sizes. Despite the difficulties with the magnesium alloy, during the critical wear of the walls of the cylinders, the motorists are resetting the block and install pig-iron sleeves, while maintaining the nominal size of the piston group. Original spare parts on the bMW engines Very roads, and there are practically no substitutes. Overhaul Motor N52 is the most expensive in the ranking.
On some cars, opening the hood, you can see the abbreviation on the DOHC 16V engine. Few of modern drivers know what this inscription means. However, each car owner understands that such a power unit has elevated power characteristics.
History of creation
For the opening of the engine, which gained worldwide distribution, you need to thank the so-called "gang of four". This was the name of the combination of talented and creative developers of Peugeot, which created a DOHC engine. What it will be, they themselves did not yet understand. Just these crisp were desperate riders and fans of machines that are able to develop fantastic speed.
By that time, the car began to establish fairly modern power units with a turnover of about 2.000. However, the "gang of four" was this little, and they decided to create a fairly powerful and very fast motor, which in addition to it would economically spent fuel. This design was designed for the first time. The main author was the young man on the surname Zuckarelli.
According to his idea, it was decided to change the structure a little power plant And place switchgear over the valves. After testing, the need for intermediate elements has disappeared with themselves. The most difficult was to make the highest working gas temperature in the combustion chamber rose to 2000 degrees. But here the designers were able to find a way out, performing the main parts of metals that practically do not heat up. Thus, talented engineers were able to create a unique unit, which is in demand today.
DOHC-engine - what it is
Almost all drivers familiar with the structure of the system represent how the shaft looks like cams, opening during the valve rotation. Using the engine and phases of gas distribution, the fuel is started / release. Earlier on cars installed the SOHC system (Single Over Head Camshaft), having one camshaft.
However, now the majority vehicle Translated on DOHC Motors. Abbreviation Decoding - Double Over Head Camshaft. If you translate these words from English, it will become clear that the engine is equipped with two camshafts. In a professional environment, other abbreviations are also known: DVRV and Dosztz. Force aggregate DOHC is equipped with a pair of camshafts, which is in the head of the cylinder block. Because of this, the shaft in such a motor is placed on top, over rows of graduation and intake valves. They do not have any transitional elements, such as rocker, rods or rockers.
Features
Additive 16V means that the number of cylinders is four, each of which accounted for 4 valves. It was done in order to facilitate the design of the valves even more. Therefore, autotroprotters decided to install 4 pieces for each cylinder, and not two. Such a structure allows to alleviate valves and increase the revolutions of 1.5-1.6 times. In this case, the springs receive a smaller load.
This design was invented so that through two inlets having a small diameter, a larger volume came working fluidthan one. In addition, such a structure allows a combustible mixture to burn much faster, and also increases the efficiency and efficiency coefficient of all motor system On DOHC 16V engine.
Principle of operation
In order to ensure the right job of two distributional shaftsused special - this is the same device with a set of gear or chain. Of these 2 ways of drive, the belt is considered more economical, so most of the car owners choose. It has a number of benefits:
- works quietly;
- not necessarily to lubricate it;
- it is inexpensive.
Among the flaws of the belt drive, the most important thing is that when the breakage, it can come across the piston. Because of this, both elements are scattered and can significantly damage the sleeve and the cylinder block. In this case, it will not be possible to get rid of small repair, so experts recommend checking the status of the details regularly.
If a chain is used as a drive, then it makes much more noise, but it will be much more reliable. The minus of this device is stretching over time. To eliminate this drawback, you should purchase special mechanisms that perform automatic chain tension. You will also need to install a sealed cartridge for full lubricant.
Benefits
Many drivers appreciated the advantages of design, especially those who prefer a quick ride. After all, it is important for a real rider that the motor is faster to develop revolutions. The engine can develop the number of revolutions to the limit.
In addition, gas distribution phases mechanisms are well combined with various conversion designs. Other advantages of the power plant are noiselessness, efficiency and ease. Fuel economy during trips by car is about 20-30%.
disadvantages
Despite a large list of advantages, the engine has a number of minuses. The most important disadvantages, according to AutoSperts, are recognized:
- A complex design device that adjusts the block blocks that is responsible for the distribution of the gas.
- High cost of spare parts that are necessary for repairing a motor failed.
Moreover, it is expensive not only spare parts. In order to repair the motor, you will need to turn to professional craftsmen, whose work is also expensive. In addition, the engine will function without interruption only on high-quality synthetic oilOtherwise, a breakdown of hydrocomathers can occur.
Information.
Row four-cylinder engine - configuration of the internal combustion engine with inline location of four cylinders, and pistons rotating one common crankshaft. Often designated I4. ("Ay-Form") or L4. ("Straight-4", "In-Line-Four"). The plane in which the cylinders are located can be strictly vertical, or be under a certain angle to the vertical. In the second case, the engine is sometimes called Slant-4. (/4 ) - For example, the engine of the car "Moskvich-412".
see also
- BMW headquarters - building in Munich, reminiscent of a four-cylinder engine.
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Excerpt characterizing a four-cylinder engine
"How good they are all," thought Pierre, - that they are now, when it probably can not be more interesting to them, do all this. And all for me; That's what is surprising. "On the same day, a police officer came to Pierre with a proposal to send trusted in the grain ward to receive things that were distributed now to the owners.
"That's this too," Pierre thought, looking into the face of police officer, - what a glorious, beautiful officer and how kind! Now engaged in such trifles. And they say that it is not honest and enjoys. What nonsense! And however, why doesn't it use him? He is so raised. And everyone is doing. And such a pleasant, kind face, and smiles, looking at me. "
Pierre went to dinner for the princess Mary.
Driving through the streets between the firewalls of the houses, he was surprised in the beauty of these ruins. Chimney pipes of houses, fenced walls, picturesque reminding Rhine and the Colosseum, stretched, hiding each other, along the burnt quarters. Meeting cabins and rises, carpenters, chopped logs, trafficking and shopkeepers, all with merry, shining faces, looked at Pierre and said as if: "And here he! Let's see what will come out of this. "
At the entrance to the house, the Princess Maryi on Pierre found doubt about the justity that he was here yesterday, saw Natasha and spoke to her. "Maybe I am invented. Maybe I will not see anyone. " But he did not have time to enter the room, as in all his essence, according to the instant deprivation of his freedom, he felt her presence. She was in the same black dress with soft folds and also combed, as well as yesterday, but she was completely different. If she was like that yesterday, when he entered the room, he could not know her for a moment.
She was like that he knew her almost a child and then Bride Prince Andrew. Cheerful question glitter glowed in her eyes; On the face there was a gentle and strange playful expression.
Pierre dined and would sit all evening; But the princess Marya was driving to the midst, and Pierre left with them together.
The next day, Pierre arrived early, dined and promoted the whole evening. Despite the fact that the princess of Marya and Natasha were obviously glad to the guest; Despite the fact that the whole interest of the life of Pierre focused now in this house, in the evening they talked everything, and the conversation turned indifferent from one insignificant subject to another and often interrupted. Pierre stopped this evening so late that the princess of Marya and Natasha looked around between him, obviously expecting whether he would soon leave. Pierre saw it and could not leave. He got hard, embarrassing, but he sat down, because he could not climb and leave.
Princess Marry, not foreseen the end, the first rose and, complaining about the migraine, began to say goodbye.
- So you come to Petersburg tomorrow? - said Oka.
"No, I'm not going," I am surprised and seemed to conceive, Pierre said hastily. - No, in St. Petersburg? Tomorrow; Only I do not say goodbye. I will come to the commissions, "he said, standing in front of Prince Marya, blushing and not leaving.
Natasha filed his hand and came out. Princess Marya, on the contrary, instead of leaving, sank into the chair and his radiant, deeply looked strictly and carefully looked at Pierre. The fatigue that she obviously showed before it, now quite passed. She was hard and long sighed, as if prepared for a long conversation.
All embarrassment and awkwardness of Pierre, when removing Natasha, instantly disappeared and replaced with agitated revival. He quickly moved the chair completely close to the princes Marya.
"Yes, I wanted to tell you," he said, answering how to words, in her opinion. - Princess, help me. What should I do? Can I hope? Princess, my friend, listen to me. I know everything. I know that I do not stand it; I know now it is impossible to talk about it. But I want to be brother to her. No, I do not want .. I can't ...
He stopped and rubing his face and eyes with his hands.
"Well, here," he continued, apparently making an effort on himself to speak connected. - I do not know since when I love her. But I only alone, one loved in my whole life and I love so that I can't imagine my life without it. Ask her hands now I do not decide; But the thought that, maybe she could be mine and that I will miss this opportunity ... the opportunity ... terrible. Tell me, can I hope? Tell me, what should I do? Cute princess, "he said, having silent a little and tonow her hand, as she did not answer.
"I think about what you told me," answered Princess Marya. - That's what I tell you. You are right that now tell her about love ... - Princess stopped. She wanted to say: to tell her about love is now impossible; But she stopped, because she saw the third day after suddenly changed Natasha, that not only Natasha would not have offended if Pierre expressed her love, but that she only wished it alone.
"To tell her now ... it is impossible," said Princess Marya said.
- But what should I do?
"Tell me me," said Princess Marya. - I know…
Pierre looked in the eyes of the princess Mary.
"Well, well ..." he said.
"I know that she loves ... love you," the princess of Marya recovered.
I did not have time to say these words as Pierre jumped up and with a frightened face grabbed the princess to Mary.
- Why do you think? Do you think I can hope? You think?!
- Yes, I think, - smiling, said Princess Marya. - Write to parents. And instruct me. I will tell her when you can. I wish this. And my heart feels that it will be.
- No, it can not be! How happy I am! But it can not be ... how happy I am! No, it can not be! - Pierre said, kissing the hands of the princes Mary.
- You go to Petersburg; this is better. And I will write to you, "she said.
- In Petersburg? Go? Good, yes, go. But tomorrow I can come to you?
The next day, Pierre arrived forgive. Natasha was less visible than in previous days; But on this day, sometimes looking into her eyes, Pierre felt that he disappears that neither his nor her more, but there was one sense of happiness. "Is it really? No, it can not be, "he said herself with every look, gesture, the word that filling him with the soul with joy.
When he, passing goodbye to her, took her thin, thin hand, he unwittingly kept her in his way somewhat longer.
