Etienne Lenoir and its invention. Etienne Lenoir is the creator of the gas engine of the internal combustion. Serial engine Lenoara

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Despite the fact that the internal combustion engines obtained mass distribution, in their former times they were skeptical. A half a century ago against the background of the technical jerk, DVS loosely lost the steam and electric motors on January 12, 1822 in the family of the Belgian industrialist, a boy appeared to the world, who was subsequently destined to commit technical revolution In the world of lung motors. When Etienne was eight years old, his father died, and the family began to experience difficulties. After school, the young man dreamed of entering the most prestigious technical school of France Ecole Polytechnique, however, for the realization of the dream, he had to move to Paris and contain himself, having worked out in the restaurant "idle Parisan". How often it happens with great people, Etienne failed exams in Ecole Polytechnique and settled in the Italian workshop Marinonywhere he took up experiments with galvanoplasty to cover silver cutlery with gold. The technologies developed by him turned into an income business, and the young began to be implemented as an engineer and an inventor through practical activity and experiments. Marinoni flourished, and found funds for experimental research.

Etienne Lenoir. Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.

In the first half of the XIX century, steam cars have already been actively introduced in Europe. The steamers not only run on shopping river routes, but even went to the ocean gave ocean. Steam plants qualitatively changed industry. Machine factories began to be erected, where all the mechanics were involved in two or three central installations. A jerk and metalworking occurred. However, for small farms, the steam installation remained too cumbersome. And the demand for household engines for pumps and other stationary mechanisms was colossal. For example, Etienne Lenoar for electroplating works required a motor for a dynamo machine. Such an aggregate, he decided to do independently and began to study the experience of another French inventor: Philippe LeboWhich in 1801 described the principles of the internal combustion engine. As a fuel, it was proposed to take the luminous gas from sawdust, in abundant quantities used to illuminate houses. Kerosene in those times was roads and sold in pharmacies as a means for outdoor use.

Lenoara engine (museum exhibit). Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.

Motor Etienne Lenoara repeated the principles of the steam machine. The bed, the cylinder with the flywheel and all the details as a small exception were taken to them from the acting steam. The innovation was only a couple of pair as a working body. The piston pushed not steam, but expanding during explosion products of decay of the light gas. Etienne Lenoir invented the way they are filing and undermining. The engine turned out to be so compact, which felt at a solid oak table.

At the first launch, the internal combustion engine has jammed. I had to refine the design of the connecting rod and enter the lubrication system. Only then the Motor of Lenoara Dock and issued power in 4 horsepower. For the Dynamo Machine, this was enough, especially since the engine hit them surrounding his silent, since the production of gases from the combustion chamber was produced at atmospheric pressure. True, the aggregate was very grain, and the engineer reworked the water cooling system.

In general, in 1860, Etienne Lenoire patented an internal combustion engine (DVS) and showed the first sample in Paris to sell with a capacity of 12 horsepower. Motors were intended for agricultural machinery, boat boats, stationary dynamo machines, pumps, etc. The engine was taken to produce mechanical factories "Marini", "Lefevere" and "Gauthier". A total of about 500 pieces were made. Experiments were carried out with the installation of a motor to a self-devoid crew, but they failed. In those days, engineers did not understand why the roam of the garden, if the horses were much cheaper, faster, more reliable, unpretentious and did not require qualified specialists in service. Public transport assigned a more powerful steam traction.

Lenoara engine in two projections. Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.

In 1860 with first DVS The young engineer met Nicaus Otto, who immediately noticed his shortcomings. Due to the two-stroke action, the efficiency was only 4%. Nicaus OTTO improved the design and after four years later presented his motor with efficiency of 15%. He had a vertical cylinder and flywheel on the side. New motors were five times more economical, 1.5 times more powerful and soon fastened the Lenoara engine from the market.

Etienne Lenoyar did not try to keep the position of the lead designer, as it was engaged in the development of a strategically important writing telegraph and avoided to enter into a competitive fight from Otto. In 1877, Nicaus Otto patented the engine with a four-stroke cycle and set up its production. Such motors crackled loudly, but showed twice as high power. They were used mainly on river boats, on pumping stations or as stationary electric generators in small factories. As a fuel in them, the cheap light gas is still burned. By 1897, about 42 thousand four fettes of different power engines were released.

Etienne Lenouar

Gas barten Motor Lenoara, 1861

Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir (Fr. Jean Joseph? Tienne Lenoir * January 12, Mussi-La Ville, Luxembourg, is part of Belgium from the year? August 7, La Varenne-Saint-Ilher, Saint-Mor de Fosse district of Paris, France) - French inventor (80 patents) and entrepreneur. Lenoire was marked by the Order of the Honorary Legion and received French citizenship.

Engine Lenoara

In 1859, Lenoire invented the gas engine, known now as the Lenoara engine. The engine was demonstrated on January 23, 1860 in the presence of about 20 people. 1863 Lenoire constructed a car on a gas engine, 1866, he designed a motorboat. Auto Lenoara drove a 9-kilometer route with Paris in Johnvil-le-Pont for 3 hours. About 400 Lenoara motors were collected.

The two-stroke gas engine was less cumbersome and heavy compared to the steam, easier to control, during startup did not require long-term preparation (boiler warming up), and in the stationary mode it worked fully automatically, while the steam engine requires constant participation of the Kochegar. For these reasons, the gas engine immediately attracted consumer attention.

However, after the emergence of the four-stroke engine of the internal combustion of the design of Nicolaus Otto (the principle of operation is widely used and today), the Lenoara engine quickly loses its position in the market, and finally, it is displaced by the Otto engine.

The Lenoir engine significantly inferior to the competitor in the thermal efficiency, in addition, compared to others piston engines His internal combustion has been extremely low power removed from the unit of the working volume of the cylinder. The engine with a 18-liter cylinder developed the power of only 2 horsepower. These disadvantages were caused by the lack of compression in Lenoara engine fuel mixes Before ignition. Equal in power engine Otto (in the cycle of which a special compression tact was provided) weighed several times less, and was much more compact.
Even the obvious advantages of the Lenoara engine are relatively small noise (due to the exhaust at almost atmospheric pressure), and low level Vibrations (due to a more uniform distribution of work moves in the cycle), did not help him withstand competition.

In technical thermodynamics, the working process of the Lenoara engine is described by the Lenoara cycle.

Lenoire Etienne Lenoar Etienne

(Lenoir) (1822-1900), French inventor. Created a practically suitable internal combustion engine (1860).

Lenoir (Lenoir) Etienne (1822-1900), French inventor. Created a practically suitable internal combustion engine (1860).

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The nineteenth century was full of people who do not want to live calmly. They complemented and changed the world with their inventions. One of these geniuses of engineering thought was Etienne Lenoire. Not having a special education, he possessed a hectic heart and faith in the infinite force of the mind.

From Garson to Mechanics

Jean Etienne Lenoir was born on 01/12/1822 in Mussi-La Vilg (Belgium). His father was the Belgian industrialist. He died when the boy was eight years old.

The young man dreamed of learning in the Paris technical school, but instead he had to work as a waiter in a restaurant called "idle Paris." Frequent visitors to this institution were mechanics and shop owners. Etienne Lenoire often listened to conversations of mechanics and engineers. The idea was originated in his head - engine improvement.

Soon the young man left the restaurant and moved to work in the workshop, where he was drafted by new enamels. A year later, he quarreled with the owner and became a free mechanic. He cleaned everything that was required - from crews to the kitchen utensils.

Work at Marinony

Small repair was an ungrateful occupation that did not bring enough money to existence. Lenoire decided to go to work for the Italian Marini. Thanks to its work, Etienne Lenoir was able to transform the foundry in a galvanoplastic workshop.

During these years, the mechanic led a peaceful life. In addition, he was able to experiment with its inventions. He managed to create its own versions of such devices such as an electric motor, a dynamomachine regulator, a water meter. For all his inventions, he received patents.

Lenoar paid a lot of time to study the engineering experience of other inventors to create a double-acting steam machine. His first creation struck his silent. In this case, the engine quickly heated. The inventor could not take care of his invention in legal terms, so his car was sealed.

Creating a private company

A quarrel with a sponsor that Marinoni played, pushed the inventor to create own company. His company has established the release of gas engines. The power of the invention was four horsepower.

In 1860, Etienne Lenoar, whose biography is associated with the development of a car, received a patent for his brainchild. Two years later, the car was demonstrated at the Paris exhibition. A total of about three hundred engines were produced by such French and German firms as "Marini", "Gauthier", Kun and others.

They were used on ships, locomotives, in road crews. In 1872, the Lenoir engine was installed on airship. His tests were successful. However, fame ended in a few years. The reason for this was the new invention.

Colleague

In 1860, Etienne Lenoire introduced his engine to the German colleague, who first glorified the author's work, and later his laurels took his place. Engineer Nicaus Otto created together with Langen, the production of engines from Belgium.

At the same time, the German engineer led to creating its own option. He managed it in 1878. His car was noisy and cumbersome. The engine was four-stroke. But he worked with the efficiency of 16%. The car Lenoara gave only efficiency in 5%. The record was broken, and Glory moved to the Germans.

The inventor died 04.08.1900 in France. Lenoir did not become a rich and famous inventor. But he was one of those who brought progress. He died as a citizen of France. He received such an honor for his inventions, but for the defense of Paris in the Franco-Prussian war. Many as the creator of a writing telegraph.

Which was a Lenoara engine

The car, which was created by Jean Etienne Lenoir (engine), became the first similar invention, which was used to produce serial.

Its design was single-cylinder, two-stroke. The idea of \u200b\u200bsuch a technical solution was taken from the Watt steam truck. The difference was that not steam was used as a working fluid. It was replaced by combustion products produced by a gas generator in which a mixture of light gas and air was burned.

The gas engine had its advantages towards steam:

• less bulky;
• easier to manage;
• did not require the heating of the boiler before launching;
• worked automatically (inpatient mode);
• low noise;
• low vibration.

All these advantages made the gas unit popular. However, he soon displaced the engine Otto. The principle of the implementation of the last invention is widely used in modern times. What is the model of Lenoara inferior to the car of a German engineer?

Despite the mass of advantages, the invention of the Frenchman of Belgian origin had a low efficiency, as well as low power. Therefore, it could not withstand competition, and was supplanted from the market by the more productive brainchild of Nicolaus Otto.