Genus Anemone Family Ranunculaceae
Forest anemone (anemone)
Forest anemone (anemone)(Anemone sylvestris L.). In early spring, on the edges, meadow slopes, and steppes, you can find this delicate early flowering plant with a single erect stem 10-20 cm tall and a shallow, articulated rhizome with an unusually white flower (3.5-7 cm in diameter), which sways with every breath of wind. .
Three leaves are collected into a single whorl at the top of the stem. They are palmately dissected into 3-5 oblong lobes, serrated along the edges, 3-7 cm long. Because of their friendship with the wind, these plants are often called anemones. The wind sways the stems and leaves of anemones, making them flexible and hardy. And in the summer, after the seeds ripen, their corollas are so disturbed that the fruits open and scatter 10-15 m from the mother plant.
It is important! Anemone - a poisonous plant- contains the alkaloid anemonol. When this alkaloid is broken down, anemonine is released - an analgesic and antispasmodic substance that also acts on the heart. Forest anemone is listed in (rarity status category III - rare species). Economic use of territories, collection in bouquets, digging up rhizomes for garden plots are the reasons for the decline in the number of this species.Forest anemone Description and difference from related species. (from the Red Book)
The stems are erect, white-hairy at the top. The basal leaves are long-petiolate, 2-6 in number, pubescent with soft long hairs, 3-5 dissected with rhombic segments, less than half sharply 3-slit serrated lobes; covered with adjacent hairs, scattered above, dense below. The leaves of the spathe are 3, usually located above the middle of the stem, on petioles 1-2 cm long, 3 are dissected; their segments are sessile, narrowly obovate in outline with a wedge-shaped base and a sharp apex, lateral 2-partite with lobes, like the middle segment, and with lobes bearing large ones at the apex, b. including sharp teeth.
Peduncles are solitary, long, densely appressed and hairy. There are 5 tepals, pure white or slightly purple on the underside; stamens shorter than tepals, yellow; pistils are ovate-rounded. The fruits are numerous, small, flattened, densely matted white tomentose, with a short nose.
WITH.; Ts.; 3.; V. (except for the Lower Volga); K.. - General (distribution: Caucasus: Ciscaucasia, Dag.; West. From East Siberian.; Far. East.; Middle Asia; Scand.. Middle South. Heur.; Mong. - In the Belgorod region: Korochansky (environment), Novooskolsky (“Khanova Beam”), (Yablonovo, Pogromets). Yakovlevsky (Shopino), Belgorodsky (Solomino. Sosnovka), Gubkinsky (), Shebekinsky (Novo-Tavolzhanka), Starskolsky (ur. “Gornyashka”) , Borisovsky, (Mountain-Podol).
Ranunculus anemone
Ranunculus anemone(Anemone ranunculoides L.) is found in all types of forests, on the edges, in thickets of bushes, less often in open places, where it gravitates to the banks of rivers, streams and temporary watercourses. A perennial with an underground horizontal, usually branched rhizome. The flowers are yellow. There are usually 1-2 flower stalks, rarely 3-5. Blooms in April-May. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively. Based on its role in the life of the forest, the buttercup anemone can be considered a seasonal dominant. The plant does not grow well together with grasses and sedges, but gets along well with honey and green grass.
It is important! Infusion of anemone leaves Buttercup is used for stomach pain, whooping cough, gout, dropsy, paralysis, and also as a means of enhancing the activity of the kidneys and lungs.
Anemone oak forest
Anemone oak grove is a herbaceous plant with a fleshy rhizome and a single long-petioled leaf. Stems are erect, glabrous or sparsely hairy, with a whorl of three leaves on long thin petioles 1-2 cm in length, the plates of which are dissected into three oblong segments, of which the lateral ones are 2-partite, the middle one is 3-incised, with an entire wedge-shaped base and incised serrated lobules and lobes.
Peduncles are solitary, long, appressed and hairy. The flowers are 4-4.5 cm in diameter, consist of a simple (6-8 tepals) perianth, oblong-ovate white or reddish-violet on the outside, occasionally entirely reddish-violet, bare on both sides, numerous stamens and pistils.
The stamens are many times shorter than the tepals; anthers yellow. Fruitlets are 4-4.5 mm long, oblong, short-haired, with a short curved nose. The difference from the forest anemone (A. sylvestris L.) is that the latter has a short rhizome and at the base of the stem there are several leaves (basal), similar to the stem ones. The leaves are palmate, 5-lobed, petiolate, with rhombic, incised lobes. The stem is white and woolly at the top (like the fruits). Perianth b.h. of 5 elliptical, fluffy leaves on the outside
Anemone oak forest usually grows in deciduous forests. Its single peduncles bear one white flower with a purple tint on the outer side of the petals, 2-6 cm in diameter.
Distribution and occurrence. S. (Car.Lapl.; Dv.-Pech.); Ts. (Lad.-Ilm.; Verkh.-Dnieper.; Verkh.-Volzh.; Volzh.-Kam.; Volzh.-Don.); 3. (Dnieper). - General distribution: Atl., Middle, Heur., Middle. - In the Belgorod region: (Khanova beam), (Shopino), (Solomino, Peski), (Novo-Tavolzhanka).
This is interesting! The Latin name of the genus Anemone means daughter of the winds. We might never have known the sad story of Romeo and Juliet if Shakespeare had not met the famous botanist Jellal at one time. Gerard was fond of breeding buttercups and argued that “the poisons of buttercups are not at all dangerous, and if you skillfully use their power, then the poisons can be turned to your advantage.”
Therefore, in Shakespeare, this is exactly what the pharmacist Lorenzo does when Juliet turns to him for help - he gives her a potion, from which the girl plunges into a deep sleep, which her family and friends take for death. They say that anemones grew from the tears shed by the goddess Aphrodite after her death her beloved Adonis.
Attention! Anemone leaves poisonous and have narcotic properties. In this regard, their use for medicinal purposes requires great caution and mandatory medical supervision!
Hello, "Granny"! I want to talk about the medicinal properties of forest and buttercup anemone. When the anemone blooms, forest trees and shrubs are just beginning to bloom. At this time there is a lot of light in the forest. After the trees are covered with foliage and the forest becomes dark, the development of the anemone ends. It begins to turn yellow, the stem with leaves withers and falls to the ground. Only in the soil is a living rhizome preserved, which gives rise to a new shoot with leaves and a flower the following spring. Fresh, rarely dry, anemone leaves are used for medicinal purposes. They are collected in dry, clear weather, when the dew has disappeared from the grass. Forest anemone is a perennial herbaceous rhizomatous plant with an erect stem, 15-30 cm high. Its leaves are long-petiolate, basal, five-parted, densely pubescent. The flowers are large (30-70 mm in diameter), five-parted, white, densely pubescent. The fruit is an achene. Typically, wood anemone grows in deciduous and mixed forests, on slopes, in clearings, and in the steppe. For medicinal purposes, only the aerial part of the plant (grass) is used, in which saponins, protoanemonin, ascorbic acid, flavonoids and organic acids are found. A decoction of the herb anemone is used for loss of vision and hearing, for headaches and toothaches, whooping cough, diseases of the upper respiratory tract, colds, delayed menstruation, gonorrhea, leucorrhoea, impotence and paralysis. Since the plant is poisonous, you need to prepare and take anemone decoction strictly individually and only after consultation with an experienced herbalist. Externally, anemone grass is used as a compress for skin diseases, including syphilis, as well as rheumatism. Flowers are applied to abscesses. Anemone buttercup is a perennial herbaceous plant of the ranunculaceae family, which has a long, creeping, well-developed rhizome of a dark brown color, from which several scale-like leaves on long petioles extend. The stem is from 10 to 30 cm in height, erect, glabrous or sparsely hairy. The leaves are semi-leathery, three-lobed, deeply heart-shaped at the base, often covered with a purple bloom below. The flowers are bright yellow, with three small, sepal-like, green involucre leaves and 6 blue, petal-like sepals; corolla is underdeveloped; There are many stamens and pistils. Pollinated by rainwater: this occurs when the erect perianth is filled with water, on the surface of which pollen grains float. An infusion of buttercup anemone is taken for congestion in the bile ducts, gallstones, bronchitis, tracheitis, neuralgia, migraine, stress and malaria, and is used for rinsing for eczema. To prepare the infusion, pour 2 tsp into 0.5 liters of boiling water. crushed plant herbs, leave for 1 hour in a warm place, strain and drink 4 tbsp. 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals. You can brew 10 g of fresh crushed anemone leaves in a glass of boiling water in a thermos, leave for 4 hours, strain and drink 1/4 cup 4 times a day 20 minutes before meals. Take the infusions slowly, with breaks, in small sips. An alcoholic tincture of buttercup anemone (pour 1 tablespoon of crushed herb into 100 ml of 40-65° alcohol and leave for a week) is used externally in the form of compresses and lotions for edema, gout, rheumatism and radiculitis. That's all I wanted to tell you about the anemone. Use this plant in treatment, but only strictly follow the dosage, as it is poisonous.
Since ancient times, the forest has helped people. In the forest, a person can always take material for housing construction - mighty logs from which beautiful houses are built. In the forest, people also get fuel for heating during the cold season - the forest regularly supplies people with firewood. And, of course, the forest gives people a lot of different food. Every summer people flock to the forest to stock up on mushrooms and berries. But our forests are not only rich in this. They give people beauty. For example, the beauty of forest flowers, which surprise us with their bright colors from early spring to late autumn. What flowers can be found in the forest?
Pereleska
Already in early spring, when the snow has not yet melted everywhere, the first snowdrops appear in forest clearings. Snowdrops are all primroses that begin to bloom without waiting for the snow to melt. Such primroses also include coppice. Its bright blue flowers peek cheerfully out of the last, dull snowdrifts.
Anemone
Another primrose can be seen under forest bushes. White flowers that sway in the wind on their thin stems are called anemones. Like sunflowers, they turn their flowers after the sun, trying to catch every ray.
Lungwort
This spring flower can easily be found where bumblebees are buzzing busily. It contains a lot of nectar, which bumblebees and bees like, which is why this flower was nicknamed lungwort. The flowers of this plant change color as they grow. At first they are pink, then they turn purple, and finally they turn bright blue.
Key rams
This primrose flower received such a funny name because its leaves are covered with soft fluff, reminiscent of lamb's fur. The bright yellow flowers of this plant are clustered together on a stem and resemble a set of keys from a distance. So we got a funny name for the flower - key rams.
Lilies of the valley
The most graceful forest flower is the lily of the valley. On its long stem, it looked like someone had hung small white lanterns in clusters. This flower has only two leaves, they are long and sharp. For this, the lily of the valley received a second name among the people - “rabbit ears”.
Ivan-da-Marya
There are plants in the forest that have become characters in folk tales. Once a guy and a girl, Ivan and Marya, got into a thunderstorm. And Ivan covered Marya from the rain and lightning. And so a plant appeared in that place, the leaves of which covered the flower, as if the guy was protecting the girl from the weather. That’s what they call him – “Ivan-da-Marya”.
Touch-me-not
This very timid plant has an interesting feature. It is enough to touch its fruits, which look like small pods, and they explode and scatter seeds around themselves. It is not so easy to notice impatiens; this plant grows where there is a lot of shade and dampness.
Useful properties of forest flowers
Forest flowers not only give people their beauty. Many of them are also medicinal plants. For example, lily of the valley berries (which, by the way, are poisonous) are used to make medicines to treat heart disease. And “Ivan da Marya” is used in folk medicine to heal wounds.
Forest plants bring a lot of joy and benefit to humans. And they should be treated with care and respect.
Preliminary work.
In fine arts lessons, students draw primroses and independently compose stories about flowers using reference literature.
During technology lessons, students perform appliqué work on the theme “Primroses”.
Excursions are conducted to study and protect primroses growing in the area. Before the excursions, discussions are held about the types of primroses and the protection of primroses, about the Red Book of Russia and the region.
All accumulated material: drawings, student work, handwritten stories is used to create a handwritten book for primary school students.
The result of this work is the creation of a book for elementary school students, “Primroses.”
During the classes.
Organizing time. Setting the topic of the lesson.
Pupils hold mosaic elements in their hands. Seating in groups. Assembling the mosaic “Primroses”.
You have mosaic elements in your hands. Find the same numbers on the mosaic pieces. Sit in groups. Assemble the mosaic.
Tell me what you collected?
Children's answers. - This is flowers. Dandelion. Ranunculus anemone. Lungwort. Clean.
What to call these flowers? (primroses)
Today in class we will talk about primroses and compose a book about them.
Why are they called that?
Conversation about primroses using a presentation.
Pupils talk about flowers. The teacher adds the students' stories.
The name of this flower is related to the word “snow” and in nature this flower is directly related to it?
What are snowdrops?
snowdrops in Russia it is customary to name a wide variety of plants that bloom first in the spring. However, there are real snowdrops. Their scientific name is “galanthus”, which is translated from Latin as “milk flower”.
Why aren't snowdrops afraid of anything?
Guys, I know this secret. You are very inquisitive and I will reveal it to you. Or maybe you know when a plant begins to grow? (children's answers). That's right, when sap flow begins. And snowdrops have extraordinary juice, it’s sugary! Yes, exactly, it contains a lot of sugar, and such solutions with a high sugar content do not freeze during mild frosts.
Indeed, its flowers are white, like milk. These are quite rare plants for Russia. And we call other flowers snowdrops, or primroses. Why are they called that?
– The first flowers appear in deciduous forests. They are called ephemeroids. These are perennial herbaceous plants, which are characterized by autumn-winter-spring vegetation. They bloom in early spring, in the summer their above-ground parts die off, leaving only underground modified shoots - bulbs, tubers, rhizomes. Snowdrops are: goosebush, lungwort, corydalis, wood anemone, etc.
Blue Scilla. She loves to grow in oak forests. It’s as if blue puddles, or even lakes, are overflowing. She is not afraid of spring frosts, because my cells contain an increased concentration of sugar.
Lungwort. Next to the scilla, an unusual flower blooms, which in itself is a multi-colored bouquet. This is a lungwort. At first, when the flowers just appear, they are all pink. But a few days will pass, and on the stem, in addition to pink ones, blue, blue, and purple ones appear.
Do you know why she changes her outfits? It's all about the dye - anthocyanin. In young flowers, the juice in the petal cells is acidic; in such an environment, anthocyanin turns the petals bright pink. After a few days, the cell sap becomes alkaline, anthocyanin gives the petals a purple and later blue color. She is an excellent honey plant, it is not for nothing that they call her Lungwort.
Now listen to the quatrain and guess which of these plants I’m talking about?
On the slope, in the meadow,
Barefoot in the snow
The first flowers -
Yellow eyes! ( coltsfoot)
Why is this plant called that?
Coltsfoot- Its leaves are large and unusual: they are green, smooth, hard on top, and whitish below, covered with soft hairs and seem to be warm. For these features, the flower got its name: the gentle side is the kind “mother”, and the upper side of the leaves is the unkind “stepmother”. My Latin name means “Relieving Cough.”
Next plant - Corydalis.
Corydalis- The flowers are collected in an elegant tassel. And each flower looks like a small tuft. I’ve been pleasing my eyes with my beauty for just a few days. You won’t see it until the end of spring. Not only the flowers will disappear, but also the stem and leaves. Only the tuber will remain in the soil. The plant will grow from it next year. And, of course, from the seeds that fell to the ground. But the plant blooms only in the 4th -5th year of its life. She has a TUBER - a modified shoot of a plant with a thickened stem and underdeveloped leaves. The tuber contains a supply of nutrients. It is thanks to him that I begin to grow and bloom early. The tuber is edible for both humans and animals.
Anemone- The anemone will bloom - and it will seem that winter has returned and decorated everything with large snowflakes. The sky will frown, rain will gather - and the white flowers will immediately close. Almost all spring plants close their flowers at night and when bad weather and very cold weather sets in. This contributes to their preservation in unfavorable weather and the preservation of pollen.
The name immediately reminds me of the wind. In early spring, this small, thin-legged, yellow, delicate flower appears from the warm spring wind. But it is similar in color to a buttercup, so it’s not just an anemone, but a buttercup.
What kind of flower do they say this about: “With milk, not a cow, not a nightingale flies.”
An amazing group of plants - oak forest ephemeroids - find shelter in oak forests. The term “ephemeroids” comes from the word “ephemeral”, which means short-lived, soon passing. Indeed, these plants develop very quickly.
Anemone (Anemone nanunculoides) belongs to such plants. In autumn, you can find the original rhizome of this plant in the soil or on its surface. It is thinner than a pencil - like a twisted, knotty knot of a brownish color, with thin “constrictions” here and there. If you break such a “knot”, it is white and starchy inside, almost like a potato tuber. This is the plant’s “pantry” with a large supply of food. The end of the rhizome is pointed and white. There is a bud here, and in it there is the rudiment of the stem, leaves and flower. In this form the rhizome overwinters.
The bud is “impatient” - it begins to bloom already under the snow. And as soon as the snow melts, a stalk quickly appears. At first it is small and curved like a hook, and then it lengthens and straightens. Three leaves unfold at its top. They are strongly dissected and star-shaped. Above the leaves grows a single yellow flower on a thin stalk. It is very similar to the buttercup flower (hence the species name of our plant).
This whole process - from the appearance of the stem to flowering - takes very little time: in warm weather - no more than a week and a half. Flowering is also occurring at an accelerated pace. The petals fall off pretty soon, and a small “hedgehog” remains on the peduncle - a bunch of small green fruits, exactly like those of a buttercup.
When the anemone blooms, forest trees and shrubs are still bare in winter or are just beginning to bloom. At this time there is a lot of light in the forest, almost like in an open place.
But then the trees turn into leaves, and the forest becomes dark. By this time, the development of the anemone ends. It begins to turn yellow, the stem with leaves withers and falls to the ground. At the beginning of summer, no traces of the plant remain. It was as if he had never existed at all. But the plant did not die. Its rhizome is “hidden” in the soil and is patiently “waiting” for next spring. Spring will come, and everything will happen again.
One cannot help but be surprised at the speed of development of anemone. In a few weeks, the plant not only manages to grow, but even to bloom and bear fruit. Why such a “rush?” Yes, because the time when the forest stands without leaves, when there is enough light under the trees and there are conditions for normal development, is too short. The way of life of the anemone is such that it can be called an invisible plant. She is born only for a few weeks a year, and the rest of the time she “sits out” in the ground.
In addition to anemone, several other plants with a similar type of development are found in oak forests. Moreover, all of them, like the anemone, are “thrifty.” Under the ground, everyone must have a “pantry” - a rhizome, tuber or onion. This is where “building materials” are stored, which are necessary for rapid growth in the spring.
Oak forest ephemeroids also include spring clear with yellow flowers and interesting clusters of small nodules in the soil (like a bunch of tiny, very elongated potatoes), corydalis with lilac flowers and a small spherical nodule underground, goose onions with yellow “star” flowers and others.
