YuMZ-6 is a universal wheeled tractor designed for agricultural and industrial use. The model was produced from 1966 to 2001 at the facilities of the Southern Machine-Building Plant. During this time, she received a number of upgrades, each of which was significantly different from the previous one. Today we will consider the device and technical characteristics of the YuMZ-6, as well as get acquainted with its modifications.
Start of production
The basis for the creation of the YuMZ-6 tractor, the technical characteristics of which we are considering today, was the MTZ-5, which was produced at the facilities of the YuMZ plant until 1958. The YuMZ-6 was more similar to the MTZ-5 than its successor, the MTZ-50. The model was launched in 1966. Soon she became a real legend. The fact is that in those days the country was in dire need of the development of virgin lands, and YUMZ-6 coped with this task perfectly.
Strengths
The high quality of the tractor was due to the fact that the YuMZ plant was originally created as a center for military and space research. In just two years, 100 thousand copies of the car were produced. The high operational and technical characteristics of the YuMZ-6, together with the simplicity of its design, made the tractor a real favorite of Soviet business executives, builders, industrialists and utility workers.
Tractor device
The skeleton of the model was represented by two channels, fixed between themselves by a bar or frame. The power plant, gearbox, rear axle and all sorts of auxiliary systems were attached to the frame. The chassis of the tractor was represented by a rigid suspension of the front axle. It was distinguished by a simple mechanism of control and monitoring of transmission forces and the use of a flow clutch. Due to the high center of gravity, the tractor could overcome the slope, the angle of which did not exceed 10 degrees. However, as practice showed, he felt confident even on steeper slopes.
The technical characteristics of the YuMZ-6 of the first series were rather scarce compared to subsequent models. So, in the first versions, the tractor hydraulic system unit was devoid of automation devices. The car was equipped with wheels with reduced pressure chambers. The track width could be adjusted in the range from 1.4 to 1.8 meters. A variety of attachments allowed the YuMZ-6 tractor to be used for a wide range of works. At the same time, thanks to its high power, it could perform several operations simultaneously.
The steering of the car was equipped with a hydraulic booster. In later versions, it even became possible to adjust the steering column in several planes. The cab of the car had noise and vibration isolation. To ventilate the cabin, it was equipped with top and side windows. The convenient location of the dashboard and good visibility made the operator's work as efficient as possible. The operational and technical characteristics of the YuMZ-6 allow it to remain one of the most reliable models of its class to this day. On the market you can find a wide range of spare parts for this tractor, so repairing it is not a problem.
The model was equipped with one of two 4-stroke diesel engines: D-65 or D-242-71. The first of them was more powerful (60 HP versus 44.5 HP) and was installed on later versions of the tractor. The motor was started by means of an electric starter or a starting motor. In addition to the motor itself, the power plant of the tractor included systems: power supply, air supply and lubrication.
So, the main parameters of the tractor:
- Traction class - 1.4.
- Specific fuel consumption is about 250 g / kWh.
- Weight - 3.2 tons.
- The maximum speed is 24.5 km / h.
- The maximum slope is 10 degrees.
- Dimensions: 4140/1884/2750 mm.
- The wheelbase is 2450 mm.
- Clearance - 450 mm.
- The turning radius is 5 meters.
Modernization
The model line of the YUMZ-6 tractor, the technical characteristics of which were constantly improving, was represented by four modifications:
- YuMZ-6L. The debut series of the tractor, most of the design solutions of which strongly resembled the MTZ-5 model. Models in this series had a rounded grille. Due to this feature, the tractor was often confused with the first versions of the MTZ-50.
- YUMZ-6AL. This series differed from the previous one in such features: the ability to adjust the steering column, a rectangular bonnet configuration, a modified instrument panel, and modernized brakes.
- YuMZ-6K. It is an industrial version of the YuMZ-6 tractor, which has received attachments for excavator and bulldozer equipment. It is this model that is implied when they say: "YUMZ-6 excavator". The technical characteristics of the tractor are distinguished, first of all, by the absence of a rear hitch system. Later, the model was redesigned for an agricultural machine, but the owners still have many industrial copies.
- YuMZ-6AK. This version has been in production since 1978. It is distinguished by increased visibility of the cab (reminiscent of the cab of the MTZ-80 tractor) and a modernized hydraulic system equipped with power and positional controllers.
It should be noted that in the name of tractors you can also find the letters "M" or "L". For example, the latest version may be called YUMZ-6AKL. The technical characteristics of models with such indices differ only in the type of motor start. The letter "M" stands for electric starter, and "L" stands for the starting motor.
Market positions
To date, the MTZ-6 tractor, the technical characteristics of which we have reviewed, depending on the year of manufacture and condition, costs from 1.7 to 5 thousand dollars. Moreover, it is much cheaper than many competitors. Models MTZ-50 and MTZ-80 are analogues and main competitors of YuMZ-6, since they were produced on the basis of the same tractor - MTZ-5. Therefore, on the market you can find a lot of interchangeable parts for these tractors.
The YuMZ 6 tractor is a true toiler of universal wheeled tractors. Most often used in agriculture and enterprises. The ability to install special-purpose equipment with replaceable working bodies on a tractor makes it a universal road construction and earthmoving machine as an excavator, bulldozer or loader.
From 1966 to 2001, this technique was produced by the well-known Southern Machine-Building Plant in a variety of versions, which are noticeably different from each other. The very first copy of the YUMZ 6 tractor first rolled off the assembly line back in 1966. Now he has come to replace him.
The unit was developed at the Southern Machine-Building Plant (Ukraine, Dnepropetrovsk) on the basis of the MTZ 5 tractor. In the past, this plant worked for the defense industry, and its products (including tractors) were famous for their high reliability. It can still be used with technology such as.
Military acceptance rules were strict. The YUMZ 6 model turned out to be successful, and after 2 years the enterprise had already produced one hundred thousand copies. The layout of the tractor is classic, with a semi-frame on which the front axle and a diesel four-stroke engine are located. The cab is located at the rear of the unit.
The tractor is adapted to work in a wide temperature range. It starts up perfectly in forty-degree frost (extreme temperature) and withstands heat up to plus forty. In addition to agricultural work of a wide profile, it is used in production, in construction, when performing public works, as well as as a vehicle. Attaching a variety of attachments and trailed equipment such as increases the capabilities of the tractor.
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| YUMZ-6AKL / 6AKM | YUMZ-6002 | YuMZ-652 | |
| Traction class | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,4 |
| Travel speed, km / h | 2,1-24,5 | 2,1-20 | 1,6-22,0 |
| Engine model | D-65N | SMD-15N | D-65L |
| Engine displacement, l | 4,94 | 4,94 | 4,94 |
| Engine power, h.p. | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Overall dimensions, mm | |||
| - length | 4065 | 4100 | 4520 |
| - width | 1884 | 1920 | 1920 |
| - height | 2730 | 2850 | 2850 |
| Operational weight, kg | 3400 | 3700 | 3700 |
| Ground clearance, mm | 650 | 650 | 550 |
| Steering | hydrostatic / mechanical - on request | ||
| Brakes | disc, dry, rear-wheel drive | ||
| Front tires | 9x20 | 11x20 | 11x28 |
| Rear tires | 15x38 | 15x38 | 15x38 |
| Electrical equipment | 12 in | 12 / 24V | 12 in |
| Hydraulic system pressure, MPa | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Number of gears | 5 + 1 | 4 + 1 | 4 + 1 |
| Fuel consumption, l / h | 3,8 | 4,0 | 4,4 |
| Fuel tank volume, l | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Cooling system volume, l | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Resource before overhaul, engine hours | 12000 | 10000 | 10000 |
By order, the tractors are equipped with wheels with 9.5-42 tires, half-track, preheater, insulating cover, mechanical adhesion weight enlarger, rear wheel fender extender, TSU-2, ballast weights, replaceable shank and PTO, breakaway couplings, PTO extension, remote hydraulic cylinders, creeper CH-5A, electric starter or starting motor.
Currently, the Omsk plant of transport engineering, under the license of Yuzhmash, produces the ZTM-60 / ZTM-62 tractors, which are "twins" of the YuMZ-6 / YuMZ-652 tractors. This is the most reliable excavator chassis in Russia.
Video review of the YUMZ 6 tractor
The YuMZ-6 tractor was produced for three decades. The design turned out to be so successful that the equipment rolled off the assembly line until the beginning of the XXI century. They stopped collecting it in 2001, when the veteran gave way to the YuMZ-8040, with a more powerful (80 hp) engine.
History
The YUMZ-6 tractor was produced at the Southern Machine-Building Plant (Dnepropetrovsk, now - Dnepr, Ukraine).
The decision to build a car plant in Dnepropetrovsk was made after the liberation of the city in the summer of 1944. It was planned to produce GAZ-51 trucks, but then they "changed their minds". DAZ switched to the assembly of the ZIS-150. In 1951, the DMZ became "mailbox No. 186", received a secret No. 586 and began manufacturing ballistic missiles designed by S. Korolev, as well as other military equipment. Truck production has been phased out. Later DMZ became a part of PO Yuzhmash.
In 1953, to cover the release of intercontinental missiles, a legend was developed (as for all closed factories in the USSR), according to which, since 1954, DMZ began to produce general-purpose tractors. (They were considered by-products. Nevertheless, the release of equipment at a numbered plant, from its spare parts that passed the military quality control department common for all conveyors, determined the high quality of YuMZ-6). The firstborn was MTZ-2 (1954-1958), assembled from Belarusian components. Then - MTZ-5 (1958 - 1972). The specialists of MTZ (Minsk) and DMZ have already developed this model jointly. The tractor was subsequently named YUMZ-5, but the Belarus trademark remained with it (it was one of the elements of the cover legend). In 1966, plant No. 586 was renamed YMZ.
The first YuMZ-6 rolled off the assembly line in 1966. Serial production of the tractor began in 1970. Despite the fact that the model was created on the basis of MTZ-5, and retained the continuity of the design, it is already considered to be UMZ's own product, which is simply very similar to the equipment assembled in Minsk. Since that time, YuMZ and MTZ are two different brands. This feature also manifested itself in the design approach. If the Belarusian models became more and more complicated, then YUMZ engineers put on their brainchild such units that could be easily removed and repaired in a collective farm workshop. It was the simplest and most reliable Soviet tractor.
In 1972, YuMZ-6L / 6M was recognized as the best tractor of the past year. 1974 - received the Quality Mark. At the same time, the documentation for the UMZ-6 was sold to the Swedes, who, after a deep modernization, from 1976 to 1982 produced the Volvo BM-700 on its basis.
Appointment
YuMZ-6 was developed as a universal agricultural tractor for general use. The main areas of application of UMZ-6: agriculture, construction, industry, utilities.
It was used for:
- Performing agrotechnical operations with trailed, mounted or semi-mounted implements: plowing, cultivation, etc.
- Road, forestry and construction works - as a bulldozer and / or excavator, loader, etc.
- Trailer transportation.
- Drive stationary units.
Modifications YuMZ-6
The YuMZ-6 tractor was produced in four main modifications:
- YuMZ-6L / YuMZ-6M. The cars of the first series could be visually easily distinguished from the later ones by the radiator grille with rounded corners, like on the MTZ-5.
- YuMZ-6AL / YuMZ-6AM. Here the hood is rectangular. The dashboard has become completely different, the steering column is adjustable in tilt angle and installation height. One of the main improvements concerned the braking mechanism.
- YuMZ-6KL / YuMZ-6KM. This is a modification for industrial enterprises, so there was no rear hitch. Instead, there are mounting points for a bulldozer shovel and an excavator bucket. The visibility of the cockpit has improved. After the 6A model was discontinued, the 6K became the base one. They began to produce it for farmers (with a rear hinged system).
- YUMZ-6AKL / YUMZ-6AKM. Serial production - since 1978. The main differences are the installation of a positional and power regulator, improved hydraulics. The cab has received a new design.
L - version with a starting motor, M - with an electric starter, K - with an oversized cab. As a propeller, this wheeled tractor could be converted to a half-track one.
Advantages and disadvantages
If we compare YuMZ-6 with other brands of the same traction class, then we can note its numerous advantages:
- Excellent workmanship as well as build quality. As a result - reliability and durability. As practice has shown, the nodes fulfill their due date with a large margin.
- The design is extremely simple, with a high degree of maintainability in non-factory conditions.
- Interchangeability of spare parts and consumables at the level of 70%.
- The tractor is characterized by unpretentiousness to fuels and lubricants. Relatively easy to start in cold weather, works flawlessly in hot weather.
- In design, ergonomics and comfort, the cabin was almost as good as foreign models of those times.
YUMZ-6 was good, but not perfect. Among the main disadvantages are the following:
- The center of gravity is relatively high. Because of this, the machine cannot operate on terrain with a slope of more than 10 degrees. In such cases, the track was expanded to 1800 mm, which partially solved the problem.
- According to the operators, the suspension of the chassis could have been softened.
- After the tractor worked out the first half of the declared resource, the lever was knocked out in the checkpoint at high speeds. This happened especially often on uneven roads, when driving with a trailer.
- Oil leaks periodically.
- Long-term operation of the power plant at idle or low speeds was not recommended, as this could cause increased wear of engine parts.
- According to the owners, it would be very good if the YuMZ-6 had a modification with a leading front axle. And the number of revolutions of the motor could have done more.
Design
YuMZ-6 is a semi-frame wheeled transport and universal row-crop tractor of a traction class of 1.4 tf. The layout is classic, with an engine in front and a cab in the back. The transmission is mechanical, 5 forward and 1 reverse gears. There are higher and lower ones. On the front wheels the suspension is spring-loaded, on the rear wheels it is rigid. Dry disc brakes, separate-aggregate hydraulic hitch. The onboard electrical equipment operates at a voltage of 12 V. There is a mechanical differential lock.
Specifications
- Engine - diesel, four-stroke. No turbocharging. Brand / working volume / power (hp) - D-65 / 4.94 liters. / 60 hp or D242-71 / 4.75 l. / 46 hp
- Resource - 12,000 motorcycle hours
- Rotation frequency - 1800 rpm.
- Fuel consumption, l / h - 3.8
- Fuel tank volume, l - 90
- Travel speed, km / h - minimum 2.1; maximum 24.5
- The clutch is double-flow, dry type.
- The checkpoint is five-speed, with movable gears. A reducer may be present.
- Brakes - dry, disc, rear-wheel drive
- Control - hydrostatic; on request - mechanical
- Dimensions (L x W x H), mm - 4065 x 1884 x 2730
- Tractor weight, kg - 3400
- Agrotechnical clearance, mm - 650
Breakaway couplings, external hydraulic cylinders and many other units and accessories were optionally offered.
Conclusion
Due to its unpretentiousness and reliability, high maneuverability and good maintainability, UMZ-6 has become a popular tractor for all regions of the country. Many machines work so successfully to this day that their owners are not going to change the "old proven horse" for more modern technology.
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The yumz 6 wheeled tractor is a legendary model of the Soviet Union, created for field cultivation, and has earned worldwide fame.
This brand of tractors has not been produced since 2001, but it still successfully serves in many agricultural enterprises. The history of the creation of the model, its characteristics, advantages and purpose.
History
The launch of the first tractor model started in 1966 at the Southern Machine-Building Plant in the city of Dnepropetrovsk. The plant began to be built in 1944 as an automobile plant, but later its profile was changed and from 1951 it began to produce intercontinental missiles and other military equipment.
The first modification of the tractor - YUMZ 6L was designed by the Minsk Transport Plant on the basis of MTZ 5, was very similar to the original and had a scarlet color. The idea of transferring the production of equipment from MTZ to Yuzhmash was economically viable and made it possible to reduce the cost of the finished machine. During production (from 1966 to 2001), several modifications of such tractors were created, and an excavator was created on their basis.
The popularity of the model interested the Swedish company VOLVO, and in 1974 the USSR sold them technical documentation for the tractor. Based on the technical documentation, Volvo has released its own brand of BM70 tractors.
YUMZ 6 is a universal wheeled vehicle designed to perform the following tasks:
- for help in agriculture. Attached and semi-mounted equipment can be attached to it, which helps to plow the land;
- in road construction for digging trenches with a bucket;
- it can be used to transport various mobile units;
- it is used to carry out transport operations with trailers and semi-trailers;
- the equipment is designed in such a way that it can operate at temperatures from -40 to + 40 ° C.
A number of attachments were specially created for the tractor, with the help of which the equipment can be easily transformed into an earth-moving machine, excavator or bulldozer.
Description and technical parameters of the model
Construction: semi-frame to which the front axle, diesel engine and clutch are attached. A control cab is attached to the rear of the frame, from which the driver operates the unit.
The unit has a four-cylinder naturally aspirated engine with simple design and ease of operation. Until the first major overhaul, the engine will run for 10,000 hours. The engine is started using a starting mechanism (in models 6 L, 6 AL and 6 AKL) or an electric starter (in models 6 M, 6 AKM).
The reducer and gearbox are controlled with a single lever, and the steering column can be adjusted in terms of mounting angle and height. It is possible to adjust the rear wheels in a smooth mode. The hydraulic system is not automated.
Review of the YUMZ 6 tractor: technical characteristics
| engine's type | D65 N or D65 M |
|---|---|
| Modifications | 6A, L, AL, AKL, AKM |
| Maximum working speed | 11 km / h |
| Maximum travel speed | 24.5 km / h |
| Maximum reverse speed | 5.7 km / h |
| Turning radius | 5 m |
| Engine power | 45.5 kW |
| Motor volume | 4.94 l |
| Motor power | 60 l / s |
| Motor dimensions | 4065х1884х2730 mm (l / w / h) |
| The weight | 3400 kg |
| Brakes | disc, rear-wheel drive |
| Diesel tank volume | 90 l |
| Number of gears | 6 |
| Fuel consumption | 4 l / hour |
| Clutch | dual-stream |
Major modifications
Model modifications: 6KL, 6M, 6A, 6K, 6KL. Let's consider each of them:
- YuMZ 6KL. This is the very first modification that was produced from 1966 to 1978. Its device was identical with MTZ 5;
- 6 M. Together with the 6L model, the 6M model came out in parallel, the main feature of which was the start of the motor using an electric starter;
- YUMZ 6 AL. The main changes of 6 AL in comparison with the L model are to change the braking system, modernize the instrument panel and add the ability to adjust the steering column in tilt angles. A modification was produced from 1978 to 1986. Class 6A is an industrial option that was available for attaching attachments.
- 6 AKL - modification was produced from 1991 to 2001. She had an enlarged cabin (as indicated by the letter "K" in the model name), and also added the ability to automatically control hydraulics;
- AKM - the differences between the YuMZ 6 AKM tractor and 6 AKL are that it was started not from the starting engine, but from the electric starter;
- YUMZ 6 excavator is a tractor of this modification from a special bucket for earthmoving.
Advantages
- Reliability. This tractor has not been produced for more than ten years, but it can still be found at agricultural enterprises in the country.
- Versatility. The ability to mount various attachments for work in construction, agriculture and road construction.
- Ability to work in harsh climates.
- Smooth running.
- Ease of dismantling the engine for repair.
- Simple design and affordable parts.
disadvantages
- Low engine speed.
- The engine is not adapted for continuous operation without load (coking).
- The speeds on the gearbox take off.
- Oil leaks.
The YUMZ 6 car is the legendary wheeled model of the USSR, which ceased to be produced in 2001. It was replaced by the updated model MTZ 1221. 15 years after the last release, in the villages you can still find the same old tractor (most often there are AL and AKL modifications), which speaks of its reliability and durability.
Among the variety of tractors developed by the USSR industry, the products of the Southern Machine-Building Plant in Dnepropetrovsk (now Dnepr) stand out. Created in the late 60s. the YUMZ tractor with the YUMZ-6 marking was produced at the enterprise until 2001, the machine in various modifications was considered the best in its class in the country. It was also highly appreciated in the West, and Sweden even officially acquired technical documentation, setting up on its basis the production of its own equipment.
general information
YuMZ-6 is a representative of universal wheeled tractors of general purpose, included in the line "Belarus", originally produced by the tractor plant in Minsk, but later mastered at YuMZ. Types of work and operations permissible for the tractor:
- agricultural activity with the use of semi-mounted, hinged devices, multifunctional trailers;
- Men at work;
- construction;
- forestry operations;
- other types of special work;
- drive functions for stationary and mobile units;
- transportation on trailers.
For UMZ-6, an individual line of attachments has been created, which adds various functionality to the tractor, which is necessary for certain works. The car can be transformed into:
- earth-moving apparatus;
- loader;
- bulldozer;
- excavator, etc.
Thanks to the successful design and ease of maintenance, the tractor can be converted both at the factory and in a specialized workshop on site.
The history of the YUMZ-6 tractor
In the USSR, there was a widespread practice when the equipment developed in the design bureau of one enterprise was mastered by another enterprise from the same field, and was produced either under the original brand or under the own name of the successor plant. The prototype of the YUMZ-6 tractor was the machine of the Minsk Tractor Plant MTZ-5 "Belarus". Since 1958, the production of this tractor has been mastered at YuMZ, while the marking has not changed. The technological continuity was preserved, the original design of the MTZ tractor remained unchanged.
MTZ-5, a prototype of the Yuzhmash tractor. Archival photo:
Interestingly, the Yuzhny Machine-Building Plant was not originally conceived as a tractor plant.
According to the plan of the Soviet leadership, it was supposed to become an automobile enterprise, but in 1951, still in the process of construction, it was re-profiled for the production of rocket technology, and tractor production was launched, pursuing two goals:
- hide the main activity from foreign intelligence;
- to meet the state's need for tractor equipment.
In the late 60s, YuMZ created its own modification, which became a reworking of MTZ-5. The new tractor received the YUMZ-6 marking, becoming an upgrade of the original model of the Minsk plant. Prototypes were assembled in Dnepropetrovsk in 1966, and serial production began in 1970. 2 years later, the number of cars produced reached 100 thousand copies.
Over the years, the design of the tractor has been improved and refined. Serially, the manufacturer produced 4 modifications, which will be described below. Users noted the high operational characteristics, reliable and uncomplicated design of the tractor, which made it possible to service it even outside specialized enterprises.
Interesting: YUMZ-6 and its modifications were actively interested in foreign buyers. So, it is noteworthy that the Volvo concern in 1974 acquired technical documentation for a tractor from the USSR and created a Volvo BM-700 unit on its basis. This tractor was in production from 1976-1982, and the Scandinavians celebrated its excellent performance in the difficult climatic conditions of their country.
The last UMZ-6 left the shop in 2001. The tractor was taken out of production due to its general obsolescence; it was replaced by UMZ-8040.2 and other more modern models on the conveyors. But the solid "life" in production - over 30 years - convincingly indicates the successful design of the machine and its high potential, which has remained relevant for three decades. This is also confirmed by many YUMZ-6 tractors, which are still in active use in agriculture and in special jobs.
Modern plant logo:
Technical characteristics of the YUMZ 6 tractor
YuMZ-6 is a classic wheeled tractor. The design is based on a semi-frame consisting of a pair of spars and a cross bar, on which the aggregates and structural elements of the tractor are mounted.
The front axle is attached to the frame on hinges, the rotation of the wheels is provided by the trunnions. At the rear, the tractor rests on the sleeves of the semi-axles rigidly attached to the gearbox housing. This provides a simple design with high reliability. The wheel formula of the YuMZ tractor is 4 * 2, with a permanent rear-wheel drive.
The tractor has pneumatic wheels with low pressure tires and powerful lugs - this gives it excellent cross-country ability. Like other machines of a similar design, the YuMZ-6 has different wheel diameters on the rear and front axles.
- 7.5R20-9.0R20 front;
- 15.5R38 at the rear.
This is a typical solution giving the tractor, together with rear wheel drive, good cross-country ability and maneuverability.
Traction class YuMZ-6 - 1.4. It makes it suitable for use in various fields. The manufacturer has provided for the possibility of expanding the functionality of the tractor:
- there is a separate-modular hydraulic system;
- the machine is equipped with a 12-volt on-board power supply;
- there is a pneumatic system;
- a rear hitch is provided for connecting external equipment (in the picture below - that of the YUMZ-6KL tractor in the "agricultural" version).
For the comfort of the driver, there is a power steering. Shoe or disc brakes are made according to a pneumatic scheme and are controlled by a pedal from the cab. There is a parking brake.
Dimensions of the YUMZ 6 tractor
YuMZ-6 is a mid-size universal tractor:
| Length | 4.165 m. Hitch |
| 3.69 m. Without hitch | |
| Width | 1.884 m. |
| Tractor height | 2.66 m roof |
| 2.86 m muffler | |
| Wheelbase | 2.45 mu |
| Clearance | 45 cm. |
| How much does a YUMZ 6 tractor weigh? | 3.35 tons - net weight, excluding technical fluids |
| 3.89 t. - operational | |
| 6 t - permissible weight of the YUMZ tractor trailer | |
| 1.15 t. - permissible weight of additional equipment | |
| Travel speed | Up to 24.5 km / h. |
The main characteristics are given, which can vary somewhat depending on the specific modification. All tractor models have a well thought-out weight distribution, thanks to which the machines are passable and very maneuverable. YUMZ-6 can be used in confined spaces - forest glades, in industrial and agricultural buildings, etc.
By weight, the YuMZ 6 series tractors are similar (in basic configurations).
Power point
The YuMZ line was equipped with diesel engines from the Rybinsk Aviation Plant D65M / N.
The letter depends on what kind of engine start the YUMZ 6 tractor has:
- M - started by an electric starter;
- H - with starting from a carburetor engine powered by an electric starter.
Due to the fact that the engines for the tractors were produced by a defense enterprise, their quality was at a high level, which increased the service life. The engines provide good traction for their class, are reliable and easy to operate and maintain, requiring, under normal conditions, only replacement of working fluids and valve adjustment after 25 thousand kilometers.
But there were also disadvantages:
- the likelihood of lubricant leaks in units and joints;
- low revs when comparing engines with similar ones;
- motors are damaged by idling, leading to accelerated wear.
The main parameters of diesel engines D65:
D65N diesel engine appearance:
All motors are naturally aspirated and operate without turbocharging, which results in simplicity of design and ease of maintenance. Cooling - liquid. You can also read about.
Checkpoint
YuMZ-6 is equipped with a mechanical gearbox, which, in addition to moving forward, allows the tractor to move in reverse and transmit torque to the power take-off shaft: it is possible to operate the engine with the clutch engaged and the tractor stationary.
Gearbox scheme:
The gearbox is five-speed, controlled by levers. There is a reduction gear that doubles the effective number of stages. A system of gears and clutches transfers power from the input shaft to the PTO shaft.
The tractor gearbox is equipped with protection against the simultaneous engagement of two gears - a special link is responsible for this. There is a locking mechanism to prevent the motor from starting when the gearbox is in a non-neutral position. Gearbox parts are lubricated with oil sprayed from the crankcase.
Undercarriage
The composition of the chassis of the YUMZ-6 tractor:
- the main clutch is frictional, with a dry sump, double. There is a separate mechanism for operating the power take-off shaft;
- Checkpoint (see above);
- rear axle with final and final drive and differential.
The front wheel axles are fixed, mounted on pivot pins. The tractor is equipped with a telescopic front axle beam, thanks to which the track can be varied.
Tractor cab
Typical view of the YUMZ-6 cockpit:
It is distinguished by its reliability and simplicity, with sufficient control comfort and information content of the dashboard. Panoramic glazing provides the tractor driver with a good view, and rubber shock absorbers prevent vibration.
The tractor cab contains:
- height-adjustable, spring-loaded chair;
- steering column;
- control levers;
- brake and clutch pedals;
- instrument panel, including pneumatic and oil pressure sensors, speedometer, current indicators in the on-board network.
For the convenience of the operator, a heating system is provided, there is also a box for a first-aid kit, a thermos is included in the standard tractor package.
Attachments
For YuMZ-6, many positions of attachments have been developed for various purposes - there are 258 options for a possible "body kit". The main types of "body kit":
- plows, harrows, cultivators, other types of agricultural implements;
- compressors, welding machines, other general-purpose equipment;
- trailers;
- earthmoving equipment, etc.
A variant of an excavator based on the YuMZ machine. The YuMZ 6 excavator tractor can weigh up to 3.9 tons, depending on the set:
The equipment (except for the bulldozer bucket) is mounted on the rear hitch (in addition to some samples of the industrial version of the YuMZ-6K, which will be discussed below). The linkage mechanism of the tractor is equipped with a drive with a hydraulic cylinder, which makes it possible to move the mounted units along the vertical axis. And the functioning of the units themselves is ensured by the transmission of torque through the PTO shaft and additional devices for connecting pneumatic, hydraulic and electrical equipment to the tractor's on-board networks.
The hitch is designed so that the tractor driver can independently connect the devices and operate them. This is facilitated by the CA-1 towing hitch, controlled by a remote control in the operator's cab. This increases productivity and eliminates the need for helpers.
Modifications of the YUMZ 6 tractor
The designers of Yuzhmash worked throughout the entire period of tractor production to improve its operational characteristics. Four modifications of the machine have been created:
- 6L, years of production 1970-1978.
The first tractor in the series. Structurally, this is almost a complete analogue of the basic model MTS-5, there is a purely decorative difference in the form of a rounded radiator grill.
- 6AL, 1978-86
The 6-AL tractor still retains many "original features", but the braking system has been significantly improved and modified, the design of the radiator grill and the dashboard has changed. The manufacturer introduced a steering column adjustable in height and tilt angle, the shape of the tractor hood was changed to a rectangular one.
- 6K, 1986-93
As already mentioned, this is an industrial tractor with no rear attachment. It provided for attachment mechanisms for excavator equipment and / or a bulldozer knife. Although initially intended exclusively for industrial use, later an agricultural modification of the tractor was created without changing the index.
- 6AK, 1993-2001
The most modern tractor model - with an optimized cab and modified controls; in particular, the steering wheel has received a new adjustment mechanism. The hydraulic system has also been upgraded with a power and position controller.
Important: in the markings of UMZ tractors there are letters L and M. They mean the method of starting the engine of the machine: a tractor marked M is equipped with an electric starter, and the letter L (for example, 6LK) indicates a starting carburetor engine (see the description of motors above).
Features of the device
The main part of the tractor frame is a pair of channels rigidly connected by a bar, serving as a support for units and elements. The gearbox housing contains, in addition to the gearbox itself, a reduction gear in the front compartment and PTO, a differential and brake control in the rear.
The steering wheel of the tractor is equipped with a power steering, which allows the operator not to apply significant efforts. The hydraulic booster is the simplest, without any automation devices.
For greater cross-country ability and softness of the course, YuMZ 6 is equipped with low-pressure tires.
The tractor has a sufficiently high center of gravity, which, in theory, provides it with a comfortable overcoming of only small inclines (up to 10 degrees). Practice, however, has demonstrated the machine's good ability to cope with more serious obstacles.
Features of operation
Both industrial and agricultural samples of YUMZ 6 tractors have shown themselves to be unpretentious in operation, reliable and durable: the average resource of a diesel engine before overhaul is up to 10 thousand operating hours. Due to a fairly simple device, the tractor is easy to service even outside of specialized services. In the press and freely available on the network, you can find all the diagrams and instructions for servicing these tractors.
The durability of the machines is also evidenced by the fact that the service life declared by the manufacturer of the tractors is 10 years, but today, more than 15 years after the stoppage of production, these tractors are actively used. At the same time, in the work you can find models of even the first years of production. All this indicates a large margin of durability laid down by the designers. In the West, the quality of the YuMZ-6 tractors was also highly appreciated, as evidenced by the above-described deal with the Volvo concern.
The YuMZ tractor weighs relatively little, and thanks to low-pressure tires it can be used where heavier equipment is unsuitable.
Despite such outstanding data, UMZ tractors also have some typical problems:
- breakdown of the hydraulic booster. Most often, the gear pump that pumps the working fluid fails;
- clutch breakage due to wear of the clutch linings - from time to time or with intense loads on the unit;
- the occurrence of depletion in the cylinder block, especially often when the tractor is poorly maintained, the engine oil change intervals are not observed;
- fuel system malfunctions: most often wear out injectors fail;
- wear of springs and timing mechanism;
- sometimes there are problems with starting the Belarus MTZ (YuMZ) tractors from the launcher in the absence of proper care for the latter.
But these problems can be easily avoided if the tractor is serviced in a timely and correct manner.
Conclusion
The tractors of the YuMZ-6 line can be called one of the most successful examples of the design of Soviet and Russian technology. Despite the discontinuation of production, they still remain a popular choice in the choice of technology for solving various problems. A successful and well-thought-out design, reliability and unpretentiousness allows us to say that the demand for these tractors is unlikely to decrease in the coming years.
At the same time, which technical characteristics of the YUMZ 6 tractor demonstrate, another important factor of choice is the price. Modern domestic or foreign samples with similar functionality have a cost, as a rule, from 500,000 rubles. and above, which is not always available to buyers (especially if it is an individual or a small company). A YuMZ-6 tractor of a suitable modification in good condition can be found on the market within the range of 100,000-300,000 rubles.
Interesting: the tractor turned out to be unexpectedly suitable for tuning, the owners are adjusting the brakes, engine and other components. At the request "tuning YUMZ" (or "tuning" for the Ukrainian-speaking segment), you can find a lot of thematic materials from the owners of these tractors.
