NefAZ-5299 is a Russian-made bus that began production in 2000 at the Neftekamsk Automobile Plant. Most often used for passenger transportation around the city. In the period 2000–2013. more than 10,000 buses were produced from the assembly line, which indicates the great popularity of the model, which was included in the list of the 100 best goods in Russia 5 times.
Basic technical characteristics of the model
NefAZ-5299 is a whole series of buses produced for urban, suburban and intercity passenger transportation. For all these purposes, the plant produces appropriate modifications. The basis for the production of the basic model of buses was the platform of serial production KamAZ.
City bus NefAZ-5299 with a high level of passive and active safety
The designers decided to use the chassis of KamAZ trucks, which have been proven by successful operation and multiple tests, which allows them to overcome various obstacles on the road. The undercarriage has high performance characteristics with a large margin of safety. All bus equipment meets international technical standards.
This model is used for mass passenger transportation around the city, therefore, the bus is subject to high requirements for ensuring safety and compliance with environmental standards. The model has a high level of passive and active safety. Modifications that run on methane comply with Euro 3, Euro 4 and Euro 5 environmental safety standards.
Basic model specifications
| Body | Wagon layout, carrying |
| Doors | 3 units |
| Doorway | 1.2 m |
| Wheels | 4x2 |
| Body potential | 12 years |
| Reversal (radius) | 12 m |
| Maximum speed | 70 km / h |
| Fuel consumption | 24 liters per 100 kilometers |
| Total number of seats | 101 |
| Number of seats | 25+1 |
| Length | 11.8 m |
| Width | 2.5 m |
| Height | 3m |
| Base | 5.96 m |
| Full mass | 18 tons |
| Ceiling height | 2.5 m |
| Brake system | Rheostat and pneumatic |
| Ventilation system | Natural |
| Heating | Radiator |
| Engine | Cummins 6ISBe270B |
| Bridge | RABA or ZF |
Modifications of NefAZ-5299 buses
The Neftekamsk plant produces a whole series of modifications of the 5299 buses. In total, 42 modifications have been produced since the start of production. Such a large number is due to the high demand for this model, as well as to the variety of conditions in which the bus is operated.
Modification 5299-10 is the first model in this series, production of which began in 2000. The body is made of all-metal material. Initially, the design was the same as that of the Belarusian MAZ 104 bus, but in 2004 the exterior was modified. Modification 5299-10 is equipped with a diesel engine and a gearbox from KamAZ. All three doorways are 1.2 meters long.
The NefAZ-5299-10 bus is the first model in this series
Modification 5299-11 is intended for suburban passenger transportation. Of the features of this modification of the base model, one can single out the fact that the 5299-11 has only two doors, and the number of seats has increased to 45. The total capacity of the bus is 77 units. Comfortable tourist seats are installed, designed for long journeys.
NefAZ 5299-11 bus of superior comfort for suburban transportation
Modification 5299-30-32 is intended for urban passenger transportation. The body is frame, load-bearing with thermal insulation. The engine is located at the back of the bus. The heating system is based on a liquid heater. There are 3 ventilation hatches on the roof. The doors open inside the passenger compartment using a pneumatic electronic drive. The bus is equipped for the transportation of disabled people. The cabin has 4 seats for people with disabilities.
Technical characteristics of the bus modification 5299-30-32
| Total capacity | 97 people |
| Total capacity (disabled option) | 88 people |
| Number of seats | 25+1 |
| Number of seats (disabled option) | 26+1 |
| Curb weight of the bus | 11 tons |
| Full mass | 18 tons |
| Mass distribution: | |
| - front axle | 6.5 tons |
| - rear axle | 11.5 tons |
| Floor height at front and middle door | 36 centimeters |
| Floor height at tailgate level | 78 centimeters |
| Distance from step to road level | 36 centimeters |
| Doorway width | 1.2 m |
| Distance from ceiling to floor: | |
| - at the level of the rear door | 2.2 m |
| - at the level of the front and middle doors | 2.5 m |
| Chassis: | |
| - model | KamAZ-5297 |
| - wheels | 4x2 |
| Engine: | |
| - model | Cummins 6ISBe270B |
| - volume | 6.7 liters |
| - power | 201 kW |
| - maximum speed | 70 km / h |
City bus NefAZ-5299-30-32 is equipped with places for transportation of disabled people
Modification 52994 is low-floor. The bus is intended for passenger transportation around the city. There are no steps in the doorways. It differs from the basic model by the middle door shifted back. The total capacity of this modification is 96 people. A feature of the model is the presence of an electronic air suspension control system. Noteworthy is the navigation system and the device that monitors the driver's condition. The driver's cab and salon are equipped with air conditioning.
Comfortable city bus NefAZ-52994, the salon is equipped with air conditioning
Modification 5299-30-31 (methane) is intended for passenger transportation in the city. Load-bearing body with three double doors, which are opened electrically. The heating system operates on the basis of an autonomous gas heater. The volume of all cylinders is 984 liters, which allows them to hold 197 m3 of gas at a pressure of 200 atmospheres.
The advantages of this modification:
- saving on fuel (allows to reduce costs by 2–3 times);
- the amount of exhaust gases and toxic emissions is significantly reduced;
- the cost of paying for harmful emissions into the atmosphere is reduced by 3.6 times;
- reduced maintenance costs;
- gas used as fuel is much safer than propane or gasoline.
A feature of the 5299-30-31 modification is the increased comfort for passengers. Ease of boarding and disembarking is ensured by the optimal height of the bus, which is semi-low-floor. A smooth ride is ensured thanks to the air suspension and the VOITH D845.3E hydromechanical gearbox.
Technical characteristics of modification 5299-30-31
| Type of transport | City bus |
| Total number of seats | 84 |
| Number of seats | 25 |
| Mass distribution: | |
| - on the front axle | 6.4 tons |
| - on the rear axle | 11.6 tons |
| - full mass | 18 tons |
| Dimensions: | |
| - height | 3.4 m |
| - width | 2 m |
| - length | 11.9 m |
| - rear overhang | 2.7 m |
| - front overhang | 3.3 m |
| - distance between axles | 5.8 m |
| Fuel system: | |
| - cylinders | 8 cylinders of 133 liters |
| - the volume of the refueled fuel | 197 m3 |
| - fuel | Compressed natural gas |
| Transmission | |
| - number of gears | 4 |
| - model | VOITH D854.3E |
| - type of | Hydromechanical automatic |
| Engine: | |
| - model | 820.61 |
| - cylinders | V-8 |
| - power | 260 h.p. |
| - working volume | 11.8 l |
| - environmental Safety | Euro-4 |
| Doors | 3 units |
| Ventilation | Natural |
Bus NefAZ-5299-30-31, economical model, running on gas
Modification 5299-17 is intended for intercity passenger transportation. A distinctive feature of this model is the design of the front end. The bus is equipped with a luggage compartment and sliding doors. Air conditioning is often installed in the cabin. The total capacity of the bus is 59 seats, of which 43 are for seating. The model is equipped with a German-made ZF manual transmission and a Cummins engine.
NefAZ-5299-17 is a universal, high-quality bus for intercity communication
The NefAZ-5299 bus is very popular in Russia. This was achieved thanks to the versatility and high build quality of this model. The bus is very convenient for passengers, which is ensured by a well-thought-out design, availability of equipment for disabled people installed on many modifications, the ability to install air conditioners, etc. The advantages for the driver are good visibility, a comfortable seat and modern electronics. In emergency situations, the ABS system, which is included in the basic configuration, will come to the rescue.
Video: Bus NefAZ-5299-20-32 in action
The NefAZ 5299 bus was put into mass production in 2000. It is one of the most common types of special vehicles used as public transport. The Neftekamsk Automobile Plant produces about 1000 copies of these buses annually. They go to bus fleets all over the country.
Technical characteristics of the city bus NefAZ 5299
Familiarization with the technical characteristics of NefAZ 5299 allows you to evaluate the advantages of buses of this series. The chassis of serial KamAZ trucks served as the basis for the production of buses. Time-tested and multi-tested truck platforms allow buses to easily overcome any obstacles on the road. All elements of the undercarriage have a high margin of safety and perform well in operation. Control and management equipment meets all international standards for buses of this class. The level of active and passive safety is also at a high level.
Engines for NefAZ 5299 are of several types. The KamAZ-820.61-260 motor has a maximum net power of 260 horsepower at a rotational speed of 2200 rpm. The maximum torque is 931 N * m. The eight-cylinder power unit uses a V-shaped cylinder arrangement. The working volume is 11.76 liters. Liquefied gas is used as fuel. The engine is turbocharged with air pre-cooling, electromagnetic metering and distributed injection with spark ignition. The motor complies with international environmental standards EURO-4. The bus is equipped with 8 cylinders with a capacity of 123 liters each. The gearbox is a four-speed automatic.
Diesel engines Cummins 6ISBe270B have a net power of 270 horsepower at a speed of 2500 rpm. The maximum torque is 970 N * m. The six-cylinder power unit has an in-line arrangement of cylinders. The working volume is 6.7 liters. The engine is turbocharged with air pre-cooling. Complies with the EURO-3 environmental standards. The fuel consumption of NefAZ 5299 with this type of engine is 24 liters per 100 kilometers. The capacity of the fuel tank is 250 liters.
NefAZ 5299 has the following overall dimensions: length - 11.76 meters, width - 2.5 meters, height - 3.036 meters, wheelbase - 5.84 meters. The curb weight of the bus is 10.24 tons, and the gross weight is 18 tons. Load distribution along the axles: front - 6.5 tons, rear - 11.5 tons. the minimum turning radius is 12 meters. The bus is equipped with hydraulic power steering and a loudspeaker so that the driver can make announcements to the passenger compartment. The driver's compartment is separated from the passenger compartment by a glass partition, which provides high noise insulation so that extraneous sounds do not distract the driver from driving.
The bus is equipped with steel rims 8.25x22.5 in size and tubeless radial tires measuring 275/70 R22.5. The braking system has two circuits and pneumatic action. To assist the driver in emergency situations on the road, the ABS system is designed, which is included in the basic configuration. The all-metal wagon-type body plays the role of a supporting structure. It is equipped with stiffening ribs that protect the bus from deformation. Passengers enter through three double doors that open automatically from the driver's cab thanks to pneumatic mechanisms.
In total, there are 25 seats in the cabin, and the total capacity is 84 people. Ventilation is carried out naturally through the side window vents and hatches. Heating is carried out using an autonomous gas heater. The heat is evenly distributed throughout the passenger compartment, as the heating elements are located along the entire inner perimeter of the bus.
The plant produces several modifications based on the basic model.
NefAZ 5299-10 is a standard high-floor bus. The very first models produced by the Neftekamsk plant received such an index. Initially, the appearance of the buses was borrowed from the Belarusian MAZ 104. Later buses received their own original exterior design.
NefAZ 5299-11 is a suburban modification of the base model. It has only two doors for boarding passengers, and the number of seats has been increased to 45 units. In total, the bus can accommodate up to 77 people. More comfortable travel seats are installed on it, which are well suited for long journeys.
NefAZ 5299-17 is a long-distance modification. The bus is equipped with special compartments for luggage and has 43 seats. The cabin is equipped with comfortable seats with reclining backrests and armrests. Also, the basic package includes an air conditioner and a radio. The speakers of the audio system are directed towards the passenger compartment so that passengers can listen to music on the road, but at the same time it does not distract the driver from his duties.
NefAZ 5299-30 is a semi-low-floor modification of the base model. It has an increased cabin capacity up to 115 people, as well as special seats for people with disabilities. The central door is equipped with a special ramp that allows you to easily enter the salon in a wheelchair. Also in the middle of the bus there is a special place for a wheelchair, which is equipped with a seat belt. It allows you to fasten the stroller so that it does not dangle around the cabin while driving.
Maintenance and repair of NefAZ 5299 do not pose any particular difficulties. The use of components and assemblies tested on serial trucks allowed us to accumulate a wealth of experience, so that a skilled mechanic will cope with any repair in the shortest possible time. The high degree of unification of parts with KamAZ trucks makes it easy to find any spare parts for NefAZ 5299 from the official dealers of the Kama plant. With skillful driving and timely service, the buses will last more than one year until the first major overhaul.
The price of NefAZ 5299 for new models is about 5 million rubles. On the secondary market, you can buy equipment several times cheaper. But it should be borne in mind that the technique that has been in use may require additional costs to bring it into proper form. Therefore, when choosing a model, you should conduct a thorough inspection and diagnostics in order to buy a really worthwhile product.
Before starting a story about this bus, it should be noted that NefAZ-5299 is not one car, but several modifications based on a model for urban, intercity and suburban passenger transportation. The car is often used on regular passenger routes.
History of creation
This is a completely domestic project, which was launched into assembly and production only in 2000. NefAZ-5299 is one of the most popular passenger buses used as public transport in many cities.
Now at the Neftekamsk Automobile Plant, more than 1000 units of these models are assembled every year. This technique is successfully used by car fleets throughout the country.
Technical details
Acquaintance with the technical part of the NefAZ-5299 bus will help to appreciate all the advantages of this model. KamAZ trucks were used as a base platform. These are reliable cargo platforms that will help the bus easily overcome a variety of obstacles on the way, they have been tested by time and a lot of tests of varying degrees of difficulty. Each part in the chassis of these machines has a huge resource and high safety margins, which is reflected in the best way on the durability and operation of the machine.
All equipment designed for management and control meets the requirements of international standards for such equipment as much as possible. This series of buses has a high safety record. There are devices and systems for both passive and active safety.
Power section
The NefAZ-5299 bus can be equipped with several types of motors, depending on the modification. So, the KamAZ-820.61-260 engine produces a maximum power of 260 horsepower at 2200 rpm. Its maximum torque is 931 Nm. The engine is an eight-cylinder, V-shaped. The working volume is 11.76 liters. This power unit is designed and built specifically for supplying liquefied gas. The motor is equipped with a turbocharger and an inercooler. There is an electromagnetic dispenser, and the injection is distributed. The engine fully complies with Euro-4 standards. A four-speed automatic transmission works in tandem with this power unit.
NefAZ-5299 is also equipped with Cummins 6ISBe270B diesel power units. The power of this engine is 270 hp. with. at a crankshaft rotation speed of 2500 rpm. The torque produced by the motor is 970 Nm. The unit has six in-line cylinders. The volume is 6.7 liters. The engine is also equipped with a turbine and an inercooler. Like the previous one, this motor fully complies with Euro-4 standards. Diesel fuel consumption at Cummins is 24 liters per 100 km. The fuel tank has a volume of 250 liters.
Geometry, mass
The length of the bus is 11.86 m. The width is 2.5 m, and the height is 3.036 m. The wheelbase is 5.96 m. The mass (equipped) reaches 10.24 tons, and the maximum is 15. The axle load is 6.5 tonnes on the front axle and 11.5 tonnes on the rear. The minimum turning radius of the vehicle is 12 m.
Equipment
Regardless of the specific modification, the cars are equipped with a power steering, which makes the driving process much more comfortable. There is a public address system through which the driver can announce stops and other information to passengers.
The driver's seat is separated from the passenger compartment by a partition. Thanks to it, nothing distracts the driver during work.
The chassis of the domestic bus
All models are fitted with steel rims. Tires are tubeless type. The brake system is double-circuit, with a pneumatic drive. In order to control the bus as comfortable as possible, as well as to better control the situation, NefAZ has ABS. It is available in all models, regardless of the configuration. The car body is made entirely of metal. The layout is of the carriage type. The body here is the load-bearing structure of the bus. Inside there are strong metal reinforcements that protect the bus from various deformations. For the convenience of passengers, there are three doors. Each of them is double-leaf.
The doors are opened by means of a pneumatic drive.
Salon
The car has 25 seats. As for the general data on the capacity of the domestic NefAZ-5299 bus, the technical characteristics allow transporting no more than 84 people. There is no ventilation system in the cabin as such. It is of a natural type here and is organized by means of a large number of vents and sunroofs.
The interior heating system is autonomous, based on a gas stove. Heat is distributed in the cabin as evenly as possible. Heating system elements are located along the entire inner perimeter of the machine.
Modifications
Model 5299-10 is a standard high floor bus. This is one of the very first buses produced at the plant. I must say that at the very beginning of production, the developers did not have a clear design.
It was borrowed from the Belarusian MAZ-104. The rest of the models, which were produced later, had an original design developed by the specialists of the plant.
Modification 5299-11 is the basic model designed for suburban transportation. There are two doors for passengers. The number of seats has been increased to 45. The total number of passengers is 77 people. The cabin is equipped with travel chairs, which are great for long trips.
Model 5299-17 is designed for intercity travel. The car is additionally equipped with a luggage compartment. The cabin can seat 43 passengers. The seats are very comfortable and comfortable with a reclining backrest. There are also armrests here. The basic configuration of the car includes music and air conditioning. The audio system is organized in such a way that passengers can enjoy music without distracting drivers in any way.
Model 5299-30 is a semi-low floor bus. Its capabilities, in contrast to the basic model, are somewhat increased. The salon can accommodate up to 115 people. The bus designers have not forgotten about the disabled. There are special places for them. The central door has a ramp allowing wheelchair access. In the middle of the passenger compartment, you can install a wheelchair and secure it securely with special belts.
About repair and maintenance
Maintenance and repair of NefAZ-5299 is not difficult. The car was developed on the basis of components and mechanisms of KamAZ trucks. The mechanics have a lot of experience in repairing trucks, and they can easily handle this bus. Spare parts (NefAZ-5299) are maximally unified with parts and assemblies of KamAZ trucks, so you can easily find anything you want, and even something that is a rarity. Any spare parts and assemblies can be purchased from authorized dealers. With regard to the durability of the bus, with good driving, as well as timely maintenance, these cars can serve for several years until the very first repairs.
Model prices
The price for new buses NefAZ-5299 is from 5 million rubles. There are also a lot of offers on the secondary market - used copies will cost significantly less. But it should be borne in mind that such machines require certain costs for restoration and bringing to normal condition.
The NefAZ-5299 bus is one of the most popular types of municipal transport in Russia. A contemporary of the new century, born in its still short life, it has already sold more than ten thousand copies in the car parks of the entire large country.
Description of the bus
Indicative for assessing the reliability and running characteristics of the NefAZ-5299 bus is the fact that it is based on the chassis of the time-tested, road and off-road cargo serial KamAZ-5297. Tubeless wheels with steel rims, an all-metal body with square tube stiffeners, dual-circuit pneumatic control and monitoring equipment that meets international standards, power steering - nothing new, but durable and safe.
The bus is equipped with an anti-lock braking system as standard.
The driver's cab is separated from the passenger compartment by a noise-blocking glass partition and is equipped with a loudspeaker. The set of adjustments and suspension of the driver's seat are not as modern as we would like, but they allow you to get comfortable behind the wheel.
The entrance doors are opened from the cab using pneumatic mechanisms.
Ventilation is natural, through roof hatches (there are three of them in a city bus) and side window vents.
Heat from an autonomous liquid or gas heater, which is also a pre-heater for the engine, is evenly distributed throughout the cabin, because the system elements are located around the perimeter of the bus.
The number of seats and the total cabin capacity depend on the modification of the NefAZ-5299 bus.
Bus Specifications
The overall dimensions of the base model are 11700 × 2500 × 3100 mm. The wheelbase is 5840 mm. The curb weight of the bus is more than ten, and the gross weight is eighteen tons. The load is distributed unevenly along the axles: 6.5 tonnes at the front and 11.5 tonnes at the rear.
The ground clearance is 285 mm, the minimum turning radius is 12 meters.
The maximum speed of a city basic bus with a diesel engine is 74 km / h. Suburban ones accelerate to 96 km / h, and speeds higher than this on most Russian roads are not required.
Bus Engines
Several types of engines are installed at NefAZ-5299, operating on different types of fuel.
The 6ISBe270B with a capacity of 270 hp runs on diesel fuel. with. and a volume of 6.7 liters. The six-cylinder engine is turbocharged. is 24 liters per 100 km, the volume of the fuel tank is 250 liters. The diesel engine complies with the EURO-3 environmental standards. The gearbox can be either a manual or a four-speed automatic.
Modifications that run on natural gas meet the higher environmental standards EURO-4 and EURO-5.
An eight-cylinder KamAZ-820.61-260 engine with a capacity of 260 liters works on liquefied gas. with. volume of 11.76 liters with turbocharging.
The six-cylinder Mercedes-Benz M 906 LAG / EEV / 1 engine is slightly more powerful - 280 hp. with. with a smaller volume of 6.9 thousand liters.
The Yuchai YC6G260N-50 six-cylinder 7.8L engine gives a maximum power of 247hp. with.
The volume of the gas cylinder system of eight containers is 984 liters. Liquefied gas cylinders are located on the roof of the NefAZ-5299 bus (photo is shown below).
A four-speed automatic transmission is installed on, and a five-speed manual transmission with four synchronizers is installed on suburban ones.
Bus modifications
The popularity of the NefAZ-5299 bus is evidenced by a large number of modifications: since the beginning of production, there were forty-two of them.
The basic model is designed for transporting passengers within the city. The total capacity is 105 people, there can be 25 seats. This bus has three wide doors, the configuration can be either a diesel or gas engine, almost all modifications are equipped with an automatic transmission.
In addition to the fact that most modifications of the city bus are low-floor, they are also equipped with a forced body tilt system.
Suburban modifications have a smaller capacity - 89 people, but they are equipped with more comfortable tourist seats, adapted for long trips.
Intercity NefAZ-5299 with one door has 43 seats and is equipped with luggage compartments. Comfortable car seats with reclining backs and armrests, air conditioning and radio make long journeys less tiring. A separate modification is produced for intercity transportation in the north. It has additional and storage batteries, electric heating of the fuel intake, a tank for heating the fuel before starting.
If the suburban modifications are all medium-floor, then city buses are also made in semi-low-floor and low-floor versions with ramps for passengers with disabilities and a special place in the center of the cabin for a wheelchair.
Bus service and repair
Most of the units and assemblies of the NefAZ-5299 model have been tested on serial trucks, they are well known to specialists, so their repair and service do not cause problems.
The high degree of unification not only reduced the cost of assembling buses, but also simplified and made the repairs cheaper. You can buy spare parts from the official dealers of KamAZ, and their network is quite extensive.
Commuter bus ride
Suburban NefAZ-5299 is designed for 45 seats, and almost the same number of passengers can stand. It has two doors located on opposite sides of the body, making the passage uncomfortably long. And if you consider that the seats with armrests are wide enough, then the passage can also be considered narrow, where it is difficult for two passengers, especially in warm clothes, to miss each other.
In addition, in suburban buses, people, as a rule, travel with shopping bags, which are simply nowhere to go in the NefAZ-5299 model. The seats are close, the legs should be placed, and the shelves above the heads are narrow. The luggage compartment in the bus is provided, but the practical use of it is highly questionable. It can be used by passengers traveling from the beginning to the end of the route; at intermediate stops the driver does not come out to open and close the lid again.
What is convenient for passengers is the large doorways, which are well lit in the dark, and the low steps - modifications of suburban buses are all medium-sized.
The characteristics of the NefAZ-5299 bus make it very popular throughout the Russian Federation.
A well-thought-out design, equipment for disabled people in many modifications, air conditioners are convenient for passengers. Good visibility, modern electronics and a fairly comfortable seat are advantages for drivers.
Suburban bus of large class NefAZ-5299-01 designed to carry passengers on regular suburban routes. Manufactured on the KamAZ-5297 chassis.
Modern design, roomy and comfortable interior, original design solutions. Units and components are unified with KamAZ trucks. The bus has a guarantee of 12 months or 30,000 km of run and is subject to warranty and service maintenance at all KamAZ auto centers in the Russian Federation and the CIS.
At the request of the customer, it is possible to install the KamAZ-740.30-260 (Euro-2), Caterpillar-3116, (Euro-2) engine and the Voith automatic gearbox.
| Index | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Model | KamAZ-740.11-240 |
| Type of | Diesel |
|
|
| Rated power, h.p. | 240 |
| Working volume, cubic cm. | 10 850 |
| Injection pump | YAZDA-332.1106 |
| Five-nozzle nozzles | YAZDA-273 |
| Turbocharger | S2B / 7624TAE / 0076D9 |
BODY
- Frame, carriage type, galvanized, with thermal insulation, with two double doors, with a pneumatic drive from Festo.
- A wide range of colors (including at the request of the customer) with a double layer of Dutch primer, paint "Helios" (Slovenia), in a German painting booth.
- Wheel arches in stainless steel or steloplastic.
- Bottom and wheel arches with anti-corrosion coating.
- Interior floor covering made of anti-slip material "Avtolin".
TRANSMISSION
- Mechanical (or with an electro-pneumatic drive for switching on the gearbox), three-way, five-stage, mod. KamAZ-14.
STEERING
- With hydraulic booster C-111645 from RBL (Germany) or KTS 50451881 from PPT (Yugoslavia).
SUSPENSION
- Front- dependent, pneumatic, on 2 pneumatic elements with two telescopic shock absorbers and one body position regulator.
- Back- dependent, pneumatic, on 4 pneumatic elements with 4 telescopic shock absorbers and two body position regulators.
BRAKE SYSTEM
- Pneumatic, ABS "WABCO" (Germany), with cam-type expanding mechanisms.
HEATING SYSTEM
- Main: liquid heater "Webasto" providing early preheating of the engine. There are 4 heaters "Belrobot" in the cabin. In the driver's cab there is a control panel "WEBASTO", a front heater, a heater "Belrobot".
- Emergency: from the engine cooling system.
