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Regulatory documents on children's rights Developed by teacher Razdelkina S.V. State budgetary preschool educational institution kindergarten No. 55 of the Kolpinsky district of St. Petersburg St. Petersburg 2013
"The world's children are innocent, vulnerable and dependent"
The international community for the protection of children's rights has adopted important documents designed to ensure the protection of children's rights throughout the world.
1924 - within the framework of the League of Nations, the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child was adopted 1948 - the UN General Assembly adopted the Declaration of Human Rights, which declared that children have a special right to protection and assistance 1959 - Declaration of the Rights of the Child 1989 - Convention on the Rights of the Child 1990 – World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children
The rights of the child are enshrined in the following documents: Declaration of the Rights of the Child Convention on the Rights of the Child Constitution of the Russian Federation Family Code of the Russian Federation Law on Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation
The Declaration of the Rights of the Child proclaims the equal rights of children in the field of upbringing, education, welfare, physical and spiritual development, regardless of race, skin color, native language, religious, political or other beliefs, social origin, etc. The Declaration calls on parents, public organizations, governments to recognize children's rights and to promote their implementation everywhere.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child is a legal document of high international standard and great pedagogical significance, covering a wide range of children's rights. The document consists of 54 articles detailing the individual rights of persons under the age of 18 to the full development of their capabilities in conditions free from hunger and want, cruelty, exploitation and other forms of abuse.
In the Constitution of the Russian Federation, a number of provisions related to child protection are contained in Chapter 2 on the fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen.
This list of articles suggests that in Russia the rights of the child are at the proper level, and they are considered in various aspects of children’s life.
The Family Code of the Russian Federation widely considers the rights of children. Among these rights, it should be noted: The child’s right to live and be raised in a family (Article 54) The child’s right to communicate with parents and other relatives (Article 55) The child’s right to protection (Articles 16, 19, 32, 33, 34, 37 , 36 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child) The child’s right to express his opinion (Article 57) The child’s right to a first name, patronymic and last name (Article 58) Property rights of the child
Law on Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation In the Russian Federation, along with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, there is a Federal Law on Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation. According to it, the implementation of children's rights is entrusted to federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which implement state policy in the interests of children, carry out activities in the field of education and upbringing, health care, social protection, social services, promoting social adaptation and social rehabilitation children, ensuring their employment and labor protection, preventing neglect and crime, organizing children's and family recreation, etc.
Thank you for your attention!
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Lesson notes for the preparatory group “Convention on the Rights of the Child. The right to live"
Introduce children to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and show the importance of the document for every child. To bring to the consciousness of children that every person has the right to life and healthy development, the state...
"Little children have great rights" Theatrical entertainment on children's rights
Goal: - To consolidate the knowledge of children and parents about the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. - To promote the development of a legal worldview and moral ideas. - To develop the ability to reason and draw conclusions....
The problem of the rights of the child, concern for his life, development, education and upbringing today has become universal, planetary. Evidence of this is the analysis of documents adopted by the international community over the past decade that legislatively define the rights of the child:
International documents:
Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950;
UN Declaration of the Rights of the Child 1959;
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989;
UN Millennium Declaration and UN Millennium Declaration Implementation Plan 2000;
UN Declaration and Plan of Action “A World Fit for Children” 2002;
Concluding observations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child to the Third Periodic Report of the Russian Federation on the implementation of the 2005 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child;
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Global Initiative "Child Friendly Cities";
WHO World Health Report 2005 “Leaving every mother, every child behind”, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF-CY) and other documents of the World Health Organization.
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The declaration (from the Latin Declaratio - announcement, proclamation) is not binding, it is a recommendation. It proclaims the basic principles and program provisions.
CONVENTION(from Latin conventio - treaty, agreement) - an international agreement, as a rule, on some special issue, which is binding for those states that have joined (signed, ratified) it.
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Legislation of the Russian Federation:
Constitution of the Russian Federation;
Family Code of the Russian Federation;
Civil Code of the Russian Federation;
Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation;
Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences;
Criminal Code of the Russian Federation;
Federal Law of July 24, 1998 No. 124-FZ “On the basic guarantees of the rights of the child in the Russian Federation”;
Federal Law of June 28, 1995 No. 98-FZ “On state support of youth and children's public associations”;
Federal Law of April 27, 1993 No. 4866-1 “On appealing to court actions and decisions that violate the rights and freedoms of citizens”;
Federal Law of May 31, 2002 No. 62-FZ “On Citizenship of the Russian Federation” (as amended on June 28, 2009 No. 127-FZ);
Federal Law No. 115-FZ dated July 25, 2002 “On the legal status of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation” (as amended on June 28, 2009 No. 127-FZ);
Federal Law of December 21, 1996 No. 159-FZ “On additional guarantees for the social protection of orphans and children without parental care”;
Federal target program “Children of Russia” for 2007–2010. (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 21, 2007 No. 172);
acts of the President of the Russian Federation: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated October 9, 2007 No. 1351 “On approval of the Concept of demographic policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025”; Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 6, 2004 No. 1417 “On the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for promoting the development of civil society institutions and human rights”, etc.;
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 6, 2004 No. 159 “Issues of the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science”;
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 1, 2009 No. 986 “On the Commissioner under the President of the Russian Federation for Children’s Rights”;
The regional legislation of most subjects of the Federation contains a number of laws and regulations on the protection of children's rights.
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child specified the main provisions of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child and placed legal responsibility on the states that adopted it for their actions towards children. The provisions of the Convention are reduced to four basic requirements that must ensure the rights of children: survival, development, protection and ensuring active participation in public life. The Convention is a document of the highest pedagogical significance.
Article 8. The State undertakes to respect the child’s right to preserve his or her identity, including nationality, name, family ties, without allowing unlawful interference.
Article 12. The right of the child to freely express his views on all matters affecting him.
Article 13. The right of the child to express his own opinion. This right includes the freedom to seek, receive and give information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, whether orally, in writing or in print.
Article 16 No child shall be subject to arbitrary or unlawful attacks on his honor or reputation.
Article 18 Parents bear primary responsibility for the upbringing of the child.
Article 28. Right to education on the basis of equal opportunities. School discipline is maintained through methods that reflect respect for the human dignity of the child.
Article 29. The education of a child shall be aimed at the development of personality, talents, mental and physical abilities.
Authoritarianism in relation to children (both parental and pedagogical) is an international phenomenon. Relationships between adults and children should be built on a different moral, legal and pedagogical basis. It is necessary that respect for the opinions, views, requests, and, in general, for the personality of the child not only becomes the norm of universal human culture, but is also accepted as a rule of law. The pedagogy of demands and upbringing should become a pedagogy of friendly relations between individuals - equal subjects of law.
Parents and teachers should know today that the rights of the child are also protected by the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” (Articles: 5,34, 45). The Convention, like the Declaration of the Rights of the Child and the Law on Education, proclaim the fundamental principles of organizing humanistic life: freedom, integrity, equality, creativity. However, in practice these principles also have their own contradictions. The advice of N.E. Shchurkova will help the teacher solve this problem.
FREEDOM. The professional freedom of a teacher constantly encounters a wall of resistance from students: they feel that the teacher is infringing on their freedom. Providing freedom to students crosses out all the pedagogical plans of the teacher. The resolution of this contradiction can be an agreement that reflects the collective understanding and acceptance of certain norms and rules of behavior. The agreement helps to prevent or mitigate interpersonal clashes in the realization of personal freedom of each participant in the pedagogical process
EQUALITY- this is the most controversial principle in its practical implementation: the difference in social conditions, abilities, characters, intelligence, mental processes, etc. – all this makes it problematic to implement equality between students, as well as between the teacher and students. And here the search for common interests and joint CREATION in the process of creative activity can come to the rescue. Creative activity helps to realize the equality of every child who has access to self-affirmation, creativity, and competition with others.
Thus, the difference in rights, " disparity"– a natural phenomenon of the sociocultural development of humanity. You cannot artificially shorten or increase the distance of communication, or give more or less rights to someone; The teacher needs human sensitivity and professional dignity, respect for the child’s personality, his rights and freedoms.
“...The first, indisputable right of a child is to express his thoughts, to actively participate in our discussions about him and verdicts. When we grow to his respect and trust, when he trusts us and tells us what is his right, there will be fewer mysteries and mistakes.”
J. Korczak.
The legal framework in terms of respecting children's rights has also been implemented in our Kemerovo region. So the Council of People's Deputies of the Kemerovo Region on January 26. 2011 accepted LAW ON THE COMMITTEE FOR CHILD RIGHTS UNDER THE GOVERNOR OF THE KEMEROVSK REGION, where one of the main directions was clearly visible: the humanization of education, social protection of children, adolescents, and educators, taking into account the observance of constitutional and legislative rights.
The second component of the humanization of the educational process is humanistic education, which is inextricably linked with the humanization of education and student learning. Humanistic personality-oriented education is a pedagogically controlled process of cultural identification, social adaptation and creative self-realization of the individual, during which the child enters into culture, into the life of society, and develops all his creative abilities and capabilities.
The main mechanism of this process is the individual’s own activity, included in the educational process as a subject and co-author. In developing subjectivity, the student needs spiritual and moral support and assistance. It is provided by teachers, parents, adults who collaborate with children in solving problems of their health, education, and leisure. This assistance is of a humanitarian nature, i.e. is carried out in a targeted manner, with love and respect for children, care for a growing person, and a merciful attitude towards him.
Humanistic education in preschool and primary school age is carried out as a process of preserving and ensuring the child’s health, the development of his natural abilities - the mind, moral and aesthetic feelings, the need for activity, mastering the initial experience of communicating with people, nature, art.
“The pedagogical process can become truly educational only if it helps the child to know himself as a member of society, living according to moral and ethical standards.
Sh.A. Amonashvili.
IN adolescence - This is a process of intensive physical and social maturation of the individual, creating the preconditions for the beginning of cultural self-identification and entry into the world of national culture.
IN senior school age The processes of spiritual and moral autonomization of the individual, physical and moral self-improvement, entry into the life of society, and life self-determination acquire semantic significance.
Humanization of education is aimed at designing the content, forms, and methods of teaching and upbringing that ensure the effective development of the individuality of each student, his cognitive processes, and personal qualities.
The humanization of education can be realized if at least three conditions are met:
We need a teacher with a high level of development of moral and intellectual qualities, a true intellectual.
it is necessary to design new learning technologies that take into account as much as possible the child’s preferred methods of processing educational material,
We need fundamentally new technologies of education and personality development in general, stimulating self-learning, self-development, and self-education.
The active modernization of education in recent years, however, has not solved the problem of overcoming legal nihilism and forming a legal culture in society. The new paradigm of the competency-based approach has also not yet allowed us to see the fruits of legal education, although it is precisely this area of education of the younger generation that, undoubtedly, more attention has begun to be paid (Pevtsova E.A.)
Key international documents related to children's rights:
Declaration of the Rights of the Child (1959).
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). 
World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children (1990)
In our country, in addition to these documents, a number of legislative acts have been adopted:
Family Code of the Russian Federation (1996).
Law “On Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation.”
Education Act".
The listed documents proclaim the basic rights of children: to a name, citizenship, love, understanding, material security, social protection and the opportunity to receive an education, develop physically, mentally, morally and spiritually in conditions of freedom. A special place is given to protecting the rights of the child. It is stated that the child must receive timely assistance and be protected from all forms of neglect, cruelty and exploitation.
For the purposes of this Convention, a child is every human being under 18 years of age unless, under the law applicable to the child, he reaches majority earlier.
Convention on the Rights of the Child affirms a number of social and legal principles, the main of which are:
— recognition of the child as an independent, full-fledged and full-fledged person, possessing all rights and freedoms;
- priority of the interests of the child over the needs of the state, fatherland, family, religion.
The Convention is a document of high social and moral significance, based on the recognition of any child as a part of humanity, on the acceptance of universal human values and the harmonious development of the individual, on the exclusion of discrimination of the individual on any grounds or grounds. It emphasizes the priority of the interests of children and specifically highlights the need for special care of any state and society for orphans, disabled people, delinquents, and refugees.
The child has personal rights:
— The inalienable right to life, survival and healthy development.
- For registration from the moment of birth, for the name, acquisition of citizenship, knowledge of parents and for their care.
- To preserve your individuality.
— To maintain connections with parents in the event of separation from them.
- To freely express one’s views on all issues affecting the child (if he is able to formulate them).
- For personal life, family life, inviolability of home and secrecy of correspondence, for protection from illegal attacks on his honor.
— To be protected from all forms of physical and psychological violence, insult or abuse, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse by parents, legal guardians, from illegal use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, sexual exploitation, from torture and cruelty, inhuman or degrading dignity of types of treatment.
- To prevent deprivation of liberty in an unlawful or arbitrary manner. Neither the death penalty nor life imprisonment without possibility of release is imposed for crimes committed by persons under 18 years of age.
The child is guaranteed social rights:
— To special protection and assistance provided by the State in the event that a child is temporarily or permanently deprived of his family environment or, in his own best interests, cannot remain in such an environment.
- To use the most advanced health care services and means of treating illness and restoring health.
- To live a full life in conditions that ensure his dignity, promote his self-confidence and facilitate his active participation in society if the child is mentally or physically disabled.
— To enjoy the benefits of social security, including social insurance.
- To a standard of living necessary for physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development.
Legislative acts recognize every child - regardless of race, skin color, gender, language, religion, political or other beliefs, national, ethnic and social origin - the legal right to education, development, protection, active participation in the life of society. The rights of the child are linked to the rights and responsibilities of parents and other persons responsible for the lives of children, their development and protection. Telephone consultations are provided:
from Monday to Thursday from 9:00-12:00 and from 13:00-18:00
on Friday from 9:00-12:00 and from 13:00-16:4
Every child should know their rights and responsibilities in order to easily operate with them in any life situation. But, as practice shows, in many cases children do not have access to information and materials that detail and reveal issues of the legal status of minors.
The preamble to the Convention on the Rights of the Child states that the family, as the basic unit of society and the natural environment for the growth of all its members and especially children, should be given the necessary protection and assistance so that it can assume full responsibility for raising children within society. For the full and harmonious development of his personality, a child needs to grow up in a family environment, in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding. Family legislation is based on the need to strengthen the family, build family relationships on feelings of mutual love and respect, mutual assistance and responsibility to the family of all its members, the inadmissibility of arbitrary interference by anyone in family affairs, ensuring the unhindered exercise by family members of their rights, the possibility of judicial protection of these rights .
The rights of citizens in the family can be limited only on the basis of the Federal Law and only to the extent necessary in order to protect the morals, health, rights and legitimate interests of other family members and other citizens. The Family Code of the Russian Federation emphasizes that the exercise by family members of their rights and the performance of their duties should not violate the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of other family members and other citizens. Issues of motherhood, paternity, upbringing, education of children and other issues of family life are resolved by spouses jointly, based on the principle of equality of spouses. Spouses are obliged to build their family relationships on the basis of mutual respect and mutual assistance, promote the well-being and strengthening of the family, and take care of the well-being and development of their children. The rights of children in the family and the responsibility of parents for their healthy development are regulated by many legal documents, both at the international and Russian levels. The main international document for the protection of the rights of minors is the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (approved by the UN General Assembly on November 20, 1989). Article 5 of this document emphasizes that States Parties shall respect the responsibilities, rights and obligations of parents, guardians or other persons legally responsible for the child to properly manage and guide the child in the exercise of the rights recognized by this Convention and to do so in accordance with the developing abilities of the child. Article 18 recognizes the principle of common and equal responsibility of both parents for the upbringing and development of the child. Article 27 outlines the right of every child to a standard of living necessary for the physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development of the child. The parent or other persons raising the child bear the primary responsibility for providing, within the limits of their abilities and financial resources, the living conditions necessary for the development of the child.
The basic law of our country is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, 1993 (as amended on June 9, 2001). State protection of the family is regulated by Article 38: “clause 1. Motherhood and childhood, the family are under the protection of the state; clause 2. Caring for children and raising them is an equal right and responsibility of parents; clause 3. Able-bodied children who have reached the age of 18 must take care of their disabled parents.”
Federal Law of July 24, 1998 No. 124-FZ “On basic guarantees of the rights of the child in the Russian Federation” (as amended on July 20, 2000). Article 7. Assistance to the child in the implementation and protection of his rights and legitimate interests: clause 2. The child’s parents (persons replacing them) assist him in carrying out independent actions aimed at realizing and protecting his rights and legitimate interests, taking into account the child’s age and within the scope of the child’s legal capacity established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 9. Measures to protect the rights of the child when carrying out activities in the field of his education and upbringing: clause 1. When carrying out activities in the field of education and upbringing of a child in the family... the rights of the child cannot be infringed.
Article 15. Protecting the rights of children in difficult life situations.
If the court determines that the parents (persons replacing them) are guilty of violating the rights and legitimate interests of children, compensation for harm caused to children is determined by the court, taking into account the necessary measures for social rehabilitation and social adaptation of children.
Article 23. clause 1. Parents (persons replacing them), as well as persons carrying out activities for the education, upbringing, development, health protection, social protection and social services of the child, promoting his social adaptation, social rehabilitation and (or) other activities with his participation, have the right to apply in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, to the court with a claim for compensation to the child for harm caused to his health, property, as well as moral damage.
Family Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 1995 No. 223-FZ (as amended on January 2, 2000). Article 54. The right of a child to live and be raised in a family: clause 2. Every child has the right to live and be raised in a family, as far as possible, the right to know his parents, the right to their care, the right to live together with them, except in cases where this is contrary to his interests. A child has the right to be raised by his parents, to ensure his interests, comprehensive development, and respect for his human dignity.
Article 55. The child’s right to communicate with parents and other relatives clause 1. The child has the right to communicate with both parents, grandparents, brothers, sisters and other relatives. The dissolution of the parents' marriage, its recognition as invalid or the parents' separation do not affect the rights of the child. If the parents live separately, the child has the right to communicate with each of them. A child has the right to communicate with his parents also if they live in different states; clause 2. A child in an extreme situation (detention, arrest, detention, being in a medical institution, etc.) has the right to communicate with his parents and other relatives in the manner prescribed by law.
Article 56. The child's right to protection: clause 1. The child has the right to protection of his rights and legitimate interests. Protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the child is carried out by parents (persons replacing them), and in cases provided for by this Code, by the guardianship and trusteeship authority, the prosecutor and the court. A minor, recognized in accordance with the law as fully capable before reaching the age of majority, has the right to independently exercise his rights and obligations, including the right to defense ; clause 2. A child has the right to protection from abuse by parents (persons in their stead).
Article 57. The child's right to express his opinion. The child has the right to express his opinion when deciding any issue in the family that affects his interests, as well as to be heard during any judicial or administrative proceedings. Taking into account the opinion of a child over 10 years of age is mandatory, except in cases where this is contrary to his interests.
Article 64. Rights and responsibilities of parents to protect the rights and interests of children . clause 1. The protection of the rights and interests of children rests with their parents. Parents are the legal representatives of their children and act in defense of their rights and interests in relations with any individuals and legal entities, including in the courts, without special powers.
Article 65. Exercise of parental rights: clause 1. Parental rights cannot be exercised in conflict with the interests of children. Ensuring the interests of children should be the main concern of parents.
Article 17, part 3. The exercise of human and civil rights and freedoms must not violate the rights and freedoms of others.
Article 21, part 2. No one should be subjected to torture, violence or other cruel or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 38, part 2. Caring for children and raising them is an equal right and responsibility of parents.
Family Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 1995 No. 223-FZ (as amended on January 2, 2000):
Article 54“The right of a child to live and be raised in a family” affirms the child’s right to respect for his human dignity. Article 56 is dedicated to the child’s right to protect their rights and legitimate interests. Such protection must be carried out by his parents or persons replacing them, as well as by the guardianship and trusteeship authorities, the prosecutor and the court. At the same time, the child also has the right to protection from abuse by his parents. Thus, before he turns 14 years old, he has the right to independently apply to the guardianship and trusteeship authorities and other organizations for the protection of the rights of the child, and after 14 years - to the court. According to Article 65 When exercising parental rights, parents do not have the right to cause harm to the physical or mental health of children or their moral development. Methods of raising children must exclude neglectful, cruel, rude, degrading treatment, insult or exploitation. Parents who exercise parental rights to the detriment of the rights and interests of children are liable in accordance with the procedure established by law. The Family Code provides for “deprivation of parents of parental rights” (Article 69 ) or “restriction of parental rights” (Article 73) as measures to protect children from abuse in the family. Article 77 provides that if there is an immediate threat to the life and health of a child, the guardianship and trusteeship authority has the right to immediately take him away from his parents (one of them). This information is intended to address situations where there is a danger to the child from the parents.
Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provides liability for child abuse:
– for committing physical and sexual violence, including against minors (vv.106-136);
– for crimes against family and minors (vv. 150-157).
In the federal law of the Russian Federation “On the fundamentals of the system for preventing neglect and juvenile delinquency” it is noted that children with antisocial behavior should be provided with individual psychological and pedagogical support, and also the main tasks and principles of the activities of institutions for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency and the provisions for the implementation of the educational process are outlined, indicating the working conditions of educational institutions, among which special schools for deviants are designated teenagers
IN Model Regulations on a special educational institution for children and adolescents with deviant behavior indicates the creation of conditions that provide them with psychological, medical and social rehabilitation, including behavior correction and adaptation in society for the development of the personality of pupils in need of special care and protection, which allows them to be distracted from committing offenses, to receive basic general or secondary (full) general education, increase self-esteem, growth of personal and social competence.
It should be noted that the educational process in these institutions is complicated by a number of reasons: admission of students to school throughout the entire academic year, persistent reluctance of adolescents to study and attend school, unstable conditions in their behavior; the use of standard educational programs that do not take into account the characteristics of deviant behavior of students. Taking into account the above factors, in order to organize the education and upbringing of children and adolescents in special general education schools, it is necessary to use adapted curricula based on socio-pedagogical support.
Related information.
Speech by teacher Goloborodkina A.F. at the city seminar “Children’s Rights” on February 26, 2015.
On legal documents regulating the rights of children.
In the modern world, every civilized, educated person, and especially a teacher, educator, parent, is obliged to know his own rights, the rights of his children, be able to defend, protect them, and respect the rights of other children. Every child in the world has the right to childhood. This right is protected by international legal acts.
The main task of legal education is to provide each child with optimal conditions for the development of individual abilities, the possibility of self-realization, regardless of his psychophysical abilities, individual differences, in other words, the protection of the rights of the child at any stage of his development.
The teacher is the main character; the observance of children's rights both in a preschool institution and the protection of children from abuse in the family depends on his qualifications and culture.
Main international documents on the protection of children's rights:
1. “Declaration of the Rights of the Child” - adopted by the UN in 1959.
2. “Convention on the Rights of the Child” - adopted by the UN in 1989.
3. “World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children” - adopted by the UN in 1990.
1. Constitution of the Russian Federation.
2. Family Code of the Russian Federation.
3. Law "On basic guarantees and rights of the child in the Russian Federation".
4. Law "On Education".
"Declaration of the Rights of the Child"
is the first international document to call on parents, as well as voluntary organisations, local authorities and national governments, to recognize and respect children's rights through legislative action.
The ten principles of the Declaration reflect the rights of children:
addressed,
citizenship,
Love,
understanding,
material support,
social protection,
opportunity to get an education,
develop physically, morally, spiritually in conditions of freedom and dignity.
get help in a timely manner
be protected from all forms of neglect, cruelty, and exploitation.
Particular attention is paid to child protection. The child must receive timely assistance and be protected from all forms of neglect, cruelty, and exploitation.
The Declaration was the semantic basis for the most important international document -
"Convention on the Rights of the Child"
For the first time in the Convention, a child is considered not only as an object requiring social protection, but also as a subject of law who is given all human rights:
education and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms;
education and respect for the child’s parents and his cultural identity, for the national values of the country in which the child lives;
preparing the child for a conscious life in a free society, in the spirit of understanding, peace, tolerance, equality, friendship between peoples.
Art. 42 of the Convention states that all government agencies, including educational institutions, are obliged to widely inform both adults and children about the principles and provisions of the Convention. The International Committee on the Rights of the Child was created to monitor compliance with children's rights. Once every 5 years, it considers reports from states on measures taken to implement the provisions of the Convention.
A preschool educational institution, due to its proximity to the family, can become an important element in the system of such control, but due to the specifics of the preschool institution, it is not able to fully influence the observance of all rights that concern children. To do this, it is necessary to highlight those rights, the observance and protection of which can be ensured by teachers of educational preschool institutions:
right to health care,
right to education,
the right to participate in games,
the right to preserve one's individuality,
the right to protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, insult, neglect or neglect or abuse.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child serves as the basis for the development of binding state legal documents.
Regulatory documents at the federal level:
Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Family Code of the Russian Federation.
Law "On Basic Guarantees and Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation".
Education Act".
These documents specify the concepts of mechanisms for protecting the rights and legitimate interests of children, and introduce an absolute ban on the infringement of children’s rights in the family and educational institutions.
Certain rights of children and responsibilities of parents are enshrined not only in the Constitution, but in the Civil and Family Codes. In addition, Russia has adopted the Federal Law “On Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation.”
The Family Code came into force on April 1, 1996.
It regulates legal issues in family relations. Section 4 is entirely devoted to the rights and responsibilities of parents.
Art. 54 guarantees the child the right to live and be raised in a family, to know his parents, the right to their care and to live together with them, to education, to ensure his interests, comprehensive development, respect for his human dignity.
Art. 55 - the child’s right to communicate with parents and other relatives. The child has the right to communicate with both parents, grandparents, brothers, sisters and other relatives.
Art. 56 guarantees the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the child by parents or legal representatives, guardianship and trusteeship authorities.
Art. 63 - stipulates the rights and responsibilities of parents in the upbringing and education of children (parental responsibility for the upbringing, health, physical, mental, spiritual and moral development of the child). The protection of the rights and interests of children, which must be carried out in accordance with the laws and interests of children, is entrusted to parents.
To implement the rights and legitimate interests provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, a Federal Law was adopted
“On the basic guarantees of children’s rights in the Russian Federation”, which identifies a special category of children:
disabled children;
children are victims of interethnic conflicts;
children with behavioral problems;
children with disabilities.
Clause 1 of Art. 9 establishes an absolute ban on infringement of the rights of the child in the family, in educational and other institutions.
