Home Chassis Course work Design of the battery area. Design of repairing the battery compartment. Purpose of the portion of the battery compartment. The choice of the form of the organization of production is to repair the repair of rechargeable

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Course work Design of the battery area. Design of repairing the battery compartment. Purpose of the portion of the battery compartment. The choice of the form of the organization of production is to repair the repair of rechargeable

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Introduction

1. Justification of the project

1.1 Brief description of OJSC Solikamskbumprom

1.2 Analysis of technical and economic indicators

1.3 Battery Workplace

1.4 Security Requirements when performing a battery work

1.5 Analysis of protective measures to prevent the manifestation of dangerous and harmful factors

2. Estimated design part

2.1 Flow line characteristics on a battery post

2.2 Maintenance on the streamline

2.3 Calculation of the Daily Technical Equipment Line (EO) of Continuing

3. Operating and technological part

4. Safety and environmental friendliness

4.1 Environmental Protection

4.2 Objectives in the field of quality and environmental protection of OJSC Solikamskbumprom for 2012-2013

4.3 Industrial Safety Expertise

4.4 Sanitation Rules and first aid victims

5. Economic part

5.1 Technical Specifications of Battery Repair Line

5.2 Calculation of energy consumption and labor resources for repair batteries

5.3 Calculation of the cost of repair of batteries

Conclusion

References and regulatory documentation

Introduction

In civilized society, great importance is attached to the working conditions and their improvement. Working conditions are determined by the state of the production situation (medium), which includes socio-economic, material and material, industrial and natural elements. Enlarged classification of factors affecting the formation of working conditions.

The first group includes: regulatory and legislative state regulation of socio-economic and production conditions (the duration of working time, labor and recreation, sanitary standards and requirements, system of state, public monitoring for compliance with applicable laws, norms, requirements and rules in the field of conditions labor, etc.); Socio-psychological factors characterizing the relations of workers to work and to the conditions in which it is committed, the psychological climate in production teams, the effectiveness of applicable benefits and compensation for work, which are inevitably related to adverse effects.

The second group includes the means of labor (production buildings and structures, including various sanitary and sanitary and domestic devices, technological equipment, tools, devices, including means that ensure technical safety of labor, etc.); Labor objects and its product (raw materials, materials, blanks, semi-finished products, finished products); technological processes (physical, mechanical, chemical and biological effects on labor objectives, methods for transporting and storing and storage, etc.); Organizational forms of production, labor and management (the level of specialization of production, its scale, and the mass change, the replacement of the work of the enterprise, the interruption and continuity of production, the form of separation and cooperation of labor, its techniques and methods applied by labor and recreation regimes regarding work shift, weeks, year, Organization of the service of the workplace, the structure of the enterprise and its divisions, the ratio of functional and linear production management, etc.). Rechargeable Technical Repair Battery

The third group includes natural-natural factors, which are of particular importance in the formation of working conditions in agricultural production, mining industry, transport and construction.

This group includes the following factors: geographical (climatic zones, height above sea level, weather conditions); geological (the nature of the location of minerals, the method of their production); Biological (features of the plant and animal world, human vital activity in accordance with biological rhythms).

In the literature, often elements forming working conditions are called factors. If you proceed from the generally accepted understanding of the term "factor", then such an application will not be quite accurate, for it is a question of working conditions, and not about the causes of their formation. At the same time, if we consider the elements that constitute the working conditions, from the point of view of their impact on a person, a favorable or adverse effect on its performance, health, mood and in general on the development of personality, then these items act as factors. That is why in the literature and many official documents, elements of working conditions are treated as factors, since elements of working conditions are expressed by quantitatively or qualitative characteristics, in the future we will call them "indicators" (elements) of labor conditions.

Working conditions are a combination of elements of the production environment that affect the health and performance of a person in the process of labor.

Such working conditions are favorable, such as the quantitative and qualitative set of forming items has an impact on human, contributing to the spiritual and physical development of the personality, the formation of creative relationships from workers to work, feelings of satisfaction.

Such working conditions are unfavorable when their impact is able to cause deep fatigue in humans, which, accumulating, can lead to a painful state or cause professional pathology; Due to the negative impact of working conditions, workers may form a negative opinion on work (unattractive, unpopular, little prestigious, etc.).

In the developed work of the work of the classification, all elements of working conditions are divided into four groups. With all the conventions of division, it is important both to study working conditions and to develop practical measures to improve them and monitor their condition, compliance with sanitary and hygienic, psychophysiological and aesthetic norms, requirements and rules.

Requirements for labor conditions in production are determined by the need to ensure such working conditions in the workplace, in the workshop, in the enterprise, in which the unfavorable effect on the performance and health of working and the optimal borders of the separation and cooperation of labor can be provided, and ultimately Improving efficiency and quality of labor.

Enterprises must strictly observe sanitary standards and rules, maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of harmful substances and maximum permissible levels (remote control). The development of sanitary standards and requirements is especially important when designing new equipment, technologies and production facilities.

Measures to eliminate adverse effects on the health of working elements of the production environment - sanitary and hygienic, psychological, aesthetic and other factors - are considered in literature on labor protection, industrial sanitation and safety.

The purpose of the graduation project is to improve the organization of the workshop for repairing batteries.

In accordance with the purpose of the task:

1. Examine the appointment, device and principle of operation of batteries;

2. Examine the organization of the workshop for repairing batteries;

3. Develop a project to implement the stream line to the repairetar area of \u200b\u200bbatteries;

The object of the thesis project is the auto-wave workshop (post on repair of batteries), the subject is to improve the organization of repair in the repair workshop of batteries.

1. Justification of the project

In solving the problem of improving working conditions, a large role is played by the systematicness of the implementation of events. The main document determining the essence and order of activities in the field of labor conditions improvement is the plan of measures to improve and improving the working conditions in the organization.

The plan is drawn up on the basis of the results of a special assessment of conditions under the working conditions of the attestation commission, taking into account proposals received from the divisions of the organization or individual workers. The plan should provide for measures to improve the equipment and technology, the application of individual and collective protection, health events, as well as measures for the protection and organization of labor.

Labor protection is a system for ensuring the safety of life and health of workers in the process of work, including legal, socio-economic, organizational, technical, psychophysiological, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, rehabilitation and other activities.

Labor protection reveals and examines possible causes of production accidents, occupational diseases, accidents, explosions, fires and develops a system of activities and requirements in order to eliminate these causes and creating, safe and favorable working conditions.

Working conditions are a combination of factors of the production environment and the employment process that affect the performance and health of the employee (Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Work conditions at the enterprise as the living conditions of workers in the process of their activities are simultaneously an element of the production system and the object of organization, planning and management. Therefore, the change in working conditions is impossible without interference in the production process. That is, it is necessary to combine, on the one hand, working conditions, on the other - the technology of production processes.

Workplace - This is indivisible in organizational terms (in these specific conditions) of the production process, serviced by one or more workers, intended to perform one or more production or service operations, equipped with appropriate equipment and technological equipment. In a broader sense, this is an elementary structural part of the production area in which the subject of labor is interconnected with placed means and the subject of labor for the implementation of single labor processes in accordance with the target function of obtaining the results of labor.

1.1 Brief description of the enterprise of OJSC "Solikamskbumprom"

OJSC "Solikamskbumprom" is located in the territory of the city of Solikamsk Perm region. The company is the largest manufacturer of newsprint in Russia.

In the structure of OJSC SolikamskBumprom on the principles of equality, economic independence and community of strategic interests for the production of competitive final products - newspaper paper - integrated 9 Russian logging enterprises located in the northern regime of the Perm Territory and supplying raw materials (wood) for the production of newspaper paper.

Own logging is 45% of the total wood consumed by the enterprise.

The joint-stock company also includes LLC Solikamsk CHP, which is located on the territory of the enterprise and provides production units with technological steam and part of electricity. Part of the energy of the CHP sends to the needs of the residential and social complex of the Northern part of Solikamsk.

The company consists of the following industries:

Lesusharya production for the reception and processing of wood in the amount of 1.5 million MI entering by road, rail and water transport;

Cellulose production;

Wood-mass production;

Production of thermomechanical mass (TMM);

Layout No. 2 (production of paper rolls of large XXL width to 2.4 meters, diameter up to 1.5 meters, weighing up to three tons; launched a new packaging line for large rolls);

Biming production number 3;

Shop "Subscribing structures";

Plot of processing wood waste;

The implementation of the finished products of OJSC Solikamskbumprom produces:

High-quality newspaper paper (GOST 6445-74) weighing 40, 42, 45, 48.8 g / mi, having high optical, mechanical and structural characteristics, allowing both black and white and multicolor printing on any high-speed printed units;

Wrapping paper (GOST 8273-75) used as a packaging material intended for the preparation of medicines and industrial goods and products, as well as for the manufacture of paper bags.

Technical lignosulfath (LST) (TU 54-028-00279580-97) are used in the production of carbon black, chipboard, fiberboard, plywood, cement, in the foundry, oil industry, road construction;

Consumer goods (notebooks, folders, notebooks, notebooks, writing paper);

Social complex (kindergartens, polyclinic, sanatorium-pretractoria, house of culture "Wallet" and stadium) (Table 1.1.).

Table 1.1. Assortment list of products manufactured by OJSC Solikamskbumprom

№ P / P.	Name, purpose	GOST, T.	Packaging	Terms of transportation
	Paper newspaper	GOST 6445-74	In rolls	Railroad wagon 40 tn
	Ligosulfonate technical liquid	TU 54-028-00279580-2004	In tanks	Railway tank 60-t
	Powdered lignosulfonate		Paper bags	Railway wagon 30 tn Container up to 3 tons
	Paper wrapping gray	GOST 8273-75	In rolls	Railroad wagon 35 tn
	Paper for operational rotational print	TU 5431-013-00279580-2008	In rolls	Railroad wagon 40 tn
	Paper newspaper thin for offset printing	TU 5431-025-00279580-99	In rolls	Railroad wagon 40 tn

OJSC "Solikamskbumprom" constantly produces significant investments in the reconstruction and modernization of the existing equipment.

A comprehensive program for technical improvement and production renewal includes successful cooperation with sectoral research and design institutions, engineering enterprises of Russia and leading foreign firms.

One of the main reasons for the increase in net profit from the release of products is to increase the average price of newsprint, compared to the same period last year.

Special attention is paid to issues of minimizing the impact of industrial activities on the environment and labor protection.

1.2 Analysis of technical and economic indicators

Technical and economic indicators are a totality of meters characterizing the activities of the enterprise from the point of view of its material and industrial base and the integrated use of resources.

The calculation of these indicators is made in planning and analyzing the activities of the enterprise regarding the organization of the production and labor, equipment, equipment, quality of products, labor resources.

Technical and economic analysis of the company's activities includes:

Analysis of volume, sorting and sales of products;

Analysis of labor indicators;

Analysis of production costs;

Profit analysis;

A comprehensive assessment of the actual intesification of production against the planned level and a consolidated analysis of the production and economic activity of the enterprise.

The number of Personnel OJSC "Solikamskbumprom" as of January 1, 2010 amounted to 3112 people. The company works in three shifts. The number of operating in one shift on a paper machine No. 2 is 61 people, of which 24 women, 37 - men. And on 01.01.2013, the number of personnel was 4144 people.

1.3 Battery workplace

The battery is a specialist, the responsibility of which includes the service of batteries and batteries of different types and tanks.

In a broader sense, the battery produces an assembly, disassembly of batteries, the maintenance of equipment included in the charging stations, mounts and dismantle the elements of batteries with the correction of connecting parts.

The autoly hiker workshop of OJSC "Solikamskbumbumprom" is equipped with the necessary modern equipment, devices and measuring instruments, allowing you to quickly and accurately check, regulate and repair cars, devices and electrical equipment of cars.

Rechargeable in the forestry workshop refer to particularly dangerous premises with harmful working conditions.

Repair and charging of batteries are produced in the battery compartment of the procurement workshop. For this, a special room is distinguished, as a rule, on the first floor.

The rechargeable compartment includes: repair, painting, charging, regeneration and generator, production facilities.

The rechargeable compartment must have a common self-exhaust ventilation and local surroundings for drying cabinets, wash devices and other equipment. Power of ventilation devices and their placement are determined by local conditions.

The battery, removed from the car, is delivered to the charging room for discharging it to 1B voltage on each element.

After discharge, the battery on the trolley is transported to the repair room, where rubber covers are removed from the batteries, then the batteries are fed to the repair - washing.

Figure 1. Alkaline battery repair repair plan: I - repair: 1 -Kran with a lifting capacity of 1 t.; 2 - Installation for washing alkaline batteries; 3 - rack for battery batteries; 4 - shelving for alkali varnishes; 5 - bath for painting cans with alkali varnish; 6 - tank for drying battery cans; 7 - rack for batteries; 8 - cabinet for charging batteries; 9 - selenium rectifier; 10 - tanks for a solution of acetic and boric acids; 11 - closet of the adjuster; 12 - a wardrobe for warming up the casting mastic; 13 - the hood cabinet; 14 - workbench; 15 - electric soldering iron; 16 - Desk written; II - Charging: 17 - Charging shield; 18 - dispenser-crane for the fill of the electrolyte in the battery; III -Electrolite: 19 - electric distiller; 20 - bath for distilled water; 21 - tank for adjusting the electrolyte after regeneration; 22 - Bath for breeding electrolyte; 23 - tank for finished electrolyte; 24 - water tank; 25 - installation for dissolving barium oxide; 26 - installation for electrolyte regeneration; 27 - tanks for a solution of acetic and boric acids; 28 - Cabinet control of regeneration aggregates; 29 - Desk written; 30 - Tal electric with a lifting capacity of 0.5t.

The elements inside are washed with warm water with a temperature of 40-50c automatically according to a predetermined program.

To wash batteries outside and washing rubber covers, it is desirable to apply warm water.

For drying of rubber covers in the installation can be served through the shower system air, heated to a temperature of 40 - 50c.

After washing, individual elements in need of repair are transmitted to the workbench, after which the batteries on the trolley are transported to a paint room, where they are cleaned from old paint and rust, wash, degrease, paint and dried in special baths and cabinets.

The transfer of elements from the position to the position is made by a crane with a pneumatic lift and a special suspension, on which four batteries are fixed.

The renovated battery on the trolley is delivered to the charging room for filling its electrolyte and subsequent charging. For these purposes, the charger is equipped with a tap for spill electrolyte and shields to attach wires to a charged battery. After charging, the battery is issued for installation on a car.

Equipment used when repairing a battery:

Charging-bit installation.

Installation for washing batteries and rubber covers.

Pneumatic lifting.

Installation for electropolitis regeneration.

Crane for pouring electrolyte.

Installation for dissolving barium oxide.

Electrolite storage tank.

Trolley used for the carriage of the battery.

Case of control of regeneration aggregates.

A device for controlling the voltage on the banks of the battery, tanks for a solution of boric acid, for water, for filling the battery.

Table 1. Control - measuring instruments and accessories

1.4 Safety requirements when performing work Batteryman

In the battery it is allowed to produce work related to the repair and charging of the batteries.

Batteries enrolled in repair or charging, install on good racks. Move the racks with batteries is prohibited.

When using a portable lamp, in order to avoid sparking, insert the plug into the plug outlet first, and then turn on the switch, when you turn off, on the contrary: first turn off the switch, and then remove the plug.

Monitor the uninterrupted ventilation operation when charging and soldering.

When carrying batteries, use fixtures (grippers, stretcher, trolleys) and observe precautions.

When transporting rechargeable acid and the preparation of electrolyte to avoid skin burns and eyes, follow these rules:

Battery bottles or electrolyte store closed fittings and only in special crates;

Battery drain from bottles to produce together with the help of devices, preventing it from spilling it to the floor; pouring the acid to fall asleep with sawdust, moisten with soda solution or fall asleep with soda, thumbnail rubber gloves;

Before cooking electrolyte, wear safety glasses and rubber gloves;

Preparation of electrolyte produced in an ebonite, faience or ceramic dishes (it is prohibited to use glass dishes). At the same time, it first to pour cold water in dishes, and then a thin jet pour the acid, periodically stirring a solution with a glass or an ebonite stick.

When charging batteries, it is necessary to fulfill the following requirements:

The plugs of the fuel holes must be twisted;

Attaching the battery terminals before charging and disconnecting them after charging, when the charger equipment is turned off;

Battery compounds are performed only by tightly adjacent (springs) with refined terminals, providing tight contact and excluding sparking;

Do not touch at the same time two terminals with metal objects to avoid short circuit and sparking;

Battery charging control is carried out only with the help of instruments (thermometer, voltmeter, areometer, etc.);

Do not bend close to batteries to avoid burns with acid splashes flying out of the fuel holes.

During battery charging, it is not allowed:

Use faulty charger and tool;

Work without exhaust ventilation;

Connect batteries to an ungrounded charger;

Measure the load fork voltage at the battery terminals due to the possible sparking and explosion of gases, as well as touch the fork to resistance to avoid burn;

Overload the charger current above nominal;

Disconnect the grounding wire and concern them open to the current terminals;

Perform any repair work when the charger is enabled.

If the acid hit, the skin should quickly and gently flush it with a cotton swab or a dry cloth, rinse the affected water with water or a 2% solution of drinking soda, lubricate a petroleum, to tie a bandage, and then contact the healthy.

If the acid got into the eyes, they should be rinsed well with water, then 2% solution of drinking soda and immediately contact the healthy.

In the event of an acid from entering clothes, rinse the last jet of water, neutralize soda, chalk or lime, rinse again with water and dry.

Work using a soldering lamp to produce in a specially designated place on the workbench, sheathed steel under the exhaust umbrella.

When performing these works, the following requirements must be followed:

Workbenches and racks should be installed horizontally and not in contact with heating devices and risers of water supply, heating and sewage;

The location for inciteting a soldering lamp must be fenced from the sides and in front with a metal or brick screen;

To avoid the explosion of the soldering lamp fill the lamp only by that fuel liquid, to work on which it is intended;

Before burning the lamp, check its serviceability.

When working with a soldering lamp is not allowed:

Fill the tank of a flammable liquid lamp by more than 3/4 of its volume;

Clean the bulk tube less than 4 threads of the thread;

Overly pump air;

Remove the closed hole of the nozzle by increasing the pressure;

Operate a lamp that does not have a limiter on the locking crane;

Fuel in a burning lamp;

Slip air compression through the bay hole of the burning lamp. The flame must be cleaned with a locking crane.

When malfunctions are detected, immediately stop working and pass the lamp to repair.

After the end of working with a soldering lamp, it is necessary to repay it, make it cool to the ambient temperature and drain fuel in the canister. Store in the workplace, the fastened lamp is prohibited.

When melting lead, it is not allowed to get water into a vessel with molten lead to avoid burns formed overheated steam and lead splashes.

During heating, the soldering iron must be fixed and lie on a special stand.

To avoid burns, not allow solder splashing. Keep the solder in a metal box and in the process of soldering the surplus from the soldering iron gently shooting into the box, shape shape is not allowed.

Drink water and eat in the room of the battery workshop are prohibited.

1.5 Analysis of protective measures to prevent the manifestation of dangerous and harmful factors

To reduce the negative impact of harmful substances on human health, the following methods of prevention and protection are used:

1. Elimination of contact of harmful substance with a working person. This can be achieved by mechanizing production processes, sealing equipment, etc.

2. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as overalls, respiratory protection tools, special ointments to protect skin cover, etc.

3. Compliance with hygienic standards in the industrial premises, timely ventilation.

Harmful pairs and gaseous emissions from the removed air are removed in the following ways: the absorption of solid porous materials (absorption), the chemical conversion of harmful substances into less harmful, neutralization in chemical neutralizers.

To clean the air emitted into the atmosphere, dust apply dust cameras, "cyclones", electrical filters.

Main general requirements:

Production equipment should be safe when installing, operating and repairing both separately and as part of complexes and technological systems, as well as during transportation and storage. It should be explosive and fireproof throughout the service life;

An indispensable condition is to ensure reliability, as well as the exclusion of danger during operation in full compliance with the technical documentation. Violation of reliability may occur as a result of impact on equipment of humidity, solar radiation, mechanical oscillations, pressure drops and temperatures, wind loads, icing, etc.;

Materials used for the manufacture of parts, nodes and aggregates of production equipment should not be dangerous and harmful. New materials must be checked for hygienic and explosion and fire safety;

Safety requirements for production equipment are provided by the choice of the principles of the action of constructive schemes, safe structural elements, etc., using protection tools in the design, performance of ergonomic requirements; Including security requirements in technical documentation for installation, operation, repair, transportation and storage;

Representing the danger moving parts must be fenced;

The equipment should not be a source of significant noise, ultrasound, vibration, as well as harmful emissions;

Structural elements with which a person can contact should not have acute edges, hot and supercooled surfaces;

Built-in equipment design workplaces must provide convenience and safety of the working;

Equipment must have a hazardous malfunction alarm and automatic stop and shutdown tools;

The release and absorption of heat equipment, as well as the allocation of moisture in the industrial premises, should not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations in the working area;

The design of production equipment should provide protection against electric shock, including cases of erroneous actions of the service personnel, as well as exclude the possibility of accumulating static electricity charges in hazardous quantities.

Emergency shutdowns must be red, have pointers that facilitate their search and be easily accessible. Reducing the level of impact on working harmful substances or its complete elimination is achieved through technological, sanitary, technical, medical and preventive measures and the use of personal protective equipment.

Measures of combating production dust is the rationalization of production processes, the use of general and local ventilation, replacement of toxic substances non-toxic, mechanization and automation of processes, wet cleaning of premises, etc. It is necessary to apply personal protective equipment: respirators, filtering gas masks, gauze bandages, safety glasses and special Clothing or dustproof fabric.

To control the bodies of air when performing technological processes, the sampling method in the respiratory zone is often used using chromotographs and gas analyzers. The actual values \u200b\u200bof harmful substances are compared with the norms of the maximum permissible concentration.

In the event that the content of harmful substances in the air of the working area exceeds the maximum permissible concentration, adoption of special measures to prevent poisoning.

These include limiting the use of toxic substances in industrial processes, sealing equipment and communications, automatic control of the air environment, the use of artificial and natural ventilation, special protective clothing and shoes, neutralizing ointments and other individual protective equipment.

2. Calculation- Construction section

Power lines of maintenance are separated on the line of continuous and periodic action. The character of the stream line is determined by the type of service. On the line of continuous action, all operations can be performed on a moving car, while organizing cleaning and washing and unforgettable work.

TO-1 and TO-2 is better to hold on the periodic line of periodic, since the execution of individual operations requires the immobility of the car.

The stream method is effective if:

Sufficient for full loading line for a daily or replaceable service program;

Strictly followed by a car feed schedule for that;

Clearly distributed operations in performers;

Work is widely mechanized and automated whenever possible;

There is a proper material base;

There is a backup post or sliding performers.

The stream method is more progressive compared to the service method at universal posts.

A relatively small number of equipment, which is better used at the same time, provides a more complete mechanization of work.

As a result of the specialization of work performed at each work of workers, a narrower specialization of work performed at each work of working narrower qualifications, labor productivity increases by 20%.

Technical diagnostics of cars largely contributes to the introduction of a flow method, as cars come with more stable labor intensity.

With the operating and posting method of maintenance of cars, the volume of work of each type of maintenance is also distributed into several specialized posts, and each of them consolidated a certain group of works and aggregates. For example, the first post serves the engine and clutch, the second post - the rear axle and the brake system, etc. However, posts are located inconsistently. After servicing in one post, the car has to go out of the room and again to call for another post. The duration of stay on each of the service posts should also be the same. The organization of work in the operating and post-station method contributes to the specialization of equipment, which allows the mechanization of the technological process and thereby improve the quality of work and productivity. Such a method makes it possible to perform some operations of TO-2 during that-2. At the same time, the method is also possible to maintain a car during intersdency time without removing it from Lipni, which increases the utility utilization.

2.1 Characteristics of the flow line on the battery post

The stream line is a complex of technological, control and transport equipment, which is located along the assembly or disassembly and specialized on the implementation of one or more operations.

The most technically perfect are the flow lines with a distribution conveyor if objects are automatically distributed across jobs with receiving and sending devices with timers flexibly related to the moving conveyor. It frees the workers from removing and laying processed objects on the conveyor. However, the use of such devices requires a thorough economic rationale in connection with their large value.

Figure 2.1. Power line planning scheme with a distribution conveyor: 1-belt conveyor; 2- warehouse places; 3 - drive and stretching station; 4 - Stellazh

The working conveyor (Fig.2.2) is equipped with a mechanical conveyor, which moves the processed object along the line, regulates the rhythm of work and serves as a place to perform operations. Since objects are not removed from the conveyor, the lines with the working conveyor are used mainly for assembly, welding products, fillings in the form (in foundry shops), coloring of nodes and units in special painting and drying chambers.

Figure 2.2. Power line planning scheme with working conveyor: 1 - ribbon conveyor; 2 - places for storage; 3 - Drive and Station Station

In order to improve the organization of the repair, it is proposed to mount the battery pack on which the batteries will be repaired.

The stream line is equipped with four charging posts, allowing the "charge - discharge" cycle at the same time four batteries.

All battery elements (for alkaline battery type NK-125 42 elements) are collected in the cassette, which is installed on the conveyor transport device and moves along positions. The stream is made closed. In the case, at each position there are hatches for access to the tapes with mechanisms. The control panel is set to the rhythm, the required cycle parameters, as well as control over technological operations on each of the 10 positions. Electrical monopular control circuit, voltage of 50 V. Air pressure in highway 0.6 MPa.

Figure 2.3. Project on changing the organization of the workshop

1 position. In the first position, the battery elements are installed in the cassette.

2. Position. On the second, the electrolyte is drained into a special container for subsequent registration, then a washing of hot water elements (T \u003d 60 degrees Celsius) under pressure of 0.3 - 0.45 MPa. The sink hydraulic system works from the centrifugal pump. Polluted water enters the sump.

3. Position. On the third - cassettes with elements dried with hot air.

4. Position. On the fourth - elements are poured with an electrolyte with a dispenser that allows you to fill at the same time all elements to the required level. Control of filling with electrolyte is carried out using special sensors.

5,6,7,8. Position. The fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth position are charging posts. Panel - a diagram on charging posts is made of fiberglass, and after stopping the cassette automatically superimposed on the battery, the drive is pneumatic. Control over the voltage on individual battery elements is carried out using a step seeker.

Position. At the ninth position, the electrolyte level is adjusted by adding distilled water, after which the plugs of the elements are wrapped.

10.Position. On the tenth cassette moves to the racks of finished products, waiting for the placement on the locomotive.

Repair of batteries covers and their check is carried out on a special stand.

In the bench bath, 9 covers are installed in which the water is poured. Alternately, the dipstick is descended in each case and the voltage of 500 V. Millimmeter is supplied, installed on the control panel brought out of the stand, shows the leakage current value. With a leakage current, more than 20 mA case is braked.

Charging-bit type A960.06 (2-CRP-75-100) is intended for, charge and discharge of batteries from a three-phase current network with a frequency of 50 Hz, a voltage of 380 V, has two posts for charge (discharge) batteries.

On the installation, you can charge or discharge the batteries in the modes: the charge of stabilized current during the charging time; two-stage charge with control on the first stage voltage, and the entire charge - in time; two-stage charge with control on the first stage voltage, the cycle time is not installed; The discharge of the stabilized current with the control of the minimum battery voltage and the electricity refund to the network.

To convert the AC current to constant when charging the batteries and to convert the DC temperature of the discharged batteries to the variable returned to the network as the main power elements, thyristors are used, which are controlled in both modes is carried out by special control units included in the installation.

Thyristor management is based on principle, the essence of which consists in the formation of the thyristor control phase by comparing the saw-shaped voltage, synchronized with the network, with a voltage of the control, which is either set by the operator (with manual control), or is maintained automatically at the level of providing the set value of the charge (when automatic current stabilization mode).

Tirm.stor - Semiconductor device made based on a semiconductor single crystal with three or more P-N transitions and having two stable states: a closed state, that is, a state of low conductivity, and an open state, that is, a high conductivity state.

When designing posts on the stream line and deadlocks, the normalized distances between cars, as well as between cars and building structures (Table 2.1), are taken into account.

The arrangement of dead-end posts in the zone and tr can be one-sided (Fig. 2.4, a, B.), bilateral (Fig. 2.4, b, G.), rectangular (Fig. 2.4, a, B.), Kosholna (Fig. 2.4, in) and combined (Fig. 2.4, d). On deadlock posts, cars are located only in one row.

but b.

in g.

Figure 2.4. Schemes for the placement of deadlocks in the areas of maintenance and repair of cars: but and in - one-sided; b. and g - double-sided; but and b - rectangular, in - koshogol g - combined

When choosing a method for the placement of dead-end posts in the Zone and Tr, it should be borne in mind that when they are placed, the travel width required under the conditions of installation of cars on posts decreases, however, the post area increases, taking into account the travel width increases. Koshogol posting posts are usually advisable if there are any limit of the zone width, for example, with the reconstruction of the zone under the largest rolling stock.

Table 2.1. Normated distances in the premises then ITER cars

Elements, between which the distance in the premises is normal	Distance, m with cars category
		II. andIII
Longitudinal car side and wall:
Longitudinal sides of cars: Then repair without removal of tires, brake drums and gas cylinders That and repair with tires, brake drums and gas cylinders
Longitudinal side of the car and stationary technological equipment
Car and column
Facial side of the car and wall
Face sides of the car
Faced face and stationary technological equipment

Note: 1. The distance between cars, as well as cars and walls on the posts of mechanized washing and diagnosing vehicles, is made depending on the type and dimensions of these posts. 2. The need for a regular passage between the wall and posts of maintenance and repair of cars, the distance between the longitudinal side of the car and the wall increases with 0.6 meters.

2.2 Maintenance on the streamline

With a flow method, all work performed on several specialized posts located in the technological sequence of specialized posts forming a flow line. Each post is specialized and intended to perform a part of the operations of the service complex. The necessary condition for the application of this method is the same duration of the residence of the car at each of the posts, which is achieved by a constant volume of work performed at posts, and the constant number of workers on them. Accordingly, each post is equipped with specialized equipment and tools.

Cars, passing technical inspection on the stream, most often move using the conveyor.

Cars move from post to a post at a speed of 2.7 m / s. Length of the conveyor 47.4 m, length of the traction chain 97.2. Width of inspection channels 600 mm.

The conveyor is driven by a drive station with a power motor 22 kW and a gearbox. Drive stations - two, one of them is backup. The frame of the conveyor is mounted on a concrete base. The traction body is a plate flourishing roller chain, to which ten support brackets (grippers) are welded for the rear and front axles of the car. Step links of a chain of 135 mm, an effort to break 50,000 DAN (kgf).

On the stream line can be simultaneously five cars.

Manages the dispatcher conveyor - duty master of the central post. Around each of the five posts also hosts a post office associated with the central post.

On the start of work on the stream line, the master master notifies the sound alarm. Then the older for each post applies a signal to the master controlling the operation of the line, while the light scoreboard lights up on the central remote, indicating the readiness of this or that post. Upon reaching the readiness of all five posts, the wizard includes sound alarms, warning about the beginning of the conveyor movement, after which the mechanized gate is remotely open to enter cars. After installing the conveyor driven into the first post, the conveyor turns off and the beep.

Opening and closing the gate in the profilator is also accompanied by sound alarm.

At each post in the viewing channel there is a remote control for emergency stops of the conveyor.

In the control system, the conveyor is applied by automotive, triggered in case of foreign objects under the chain.

Before entering a flow line, the car is exposed to an outer wash and external inspection.

Every two hours one car comes to the stream line. Tut posts line is 2 hours.

When driving a car for the first post, the light alarm will light up at the post.

In the first post, the line is produced, drained waste oils (according to varieties for transmission to regeneration). The post is equipped with retractable oil-dried funnels, allowing to merge oil from all car units. From the funnel, the oil enters the capacity of the oil-producing station, located under the floor to the right of the conveyor. From there, the oil is pumped into the warehouse tanks.

The removal and replacement of the wheels are made if necessary; Spare tires are stored on the rack near the post. To remove the tires, an electric car with a carrying capacity of 2 tons equipped with a wheelchair is used.

Filling the car with oils and water, pumping tires, lubrication with greased lubricants is centrally in the post of flow line. The same post is equipped with a rectifier installation for electromasics of automotive engines, from an external current source.

After the production of technical inspection, the car receives the duty officer of the OTB.

Drivers to the maintenance of cars are not attracted, their participation is limited to the work on the removal and installation of units.

The stream line is served by the brigade of the locks. During one working shift, the brigade produces maintenance of four cars, i.e., 12 cars are served per day.

In the immediate vicinity of the flow line, auxiliary production compartments that serve the flow line are placed: a defective complete, electric repair, rechargeable, fuel equipment, a warehouse of spare parts.

The premises of the premises are equipped with necessary lifting vehicles.

On the stream line, there is a mobile pumping station for the drive of various hydraulic devices (for example, devices for the spread of pivoting swivel fists), posts No. 1 and 5 are equipped with pneumatic equipment for removing and producing vehicles.

In the post number 2, a mobile device for removing and setting the front and rear car suspension is used.

Post number 3 is equipped with a mobile hydraulic device for removing and installing the rear axle jet plug. For removing and setting the hubs of the front and rear wheels at Post No. 3 and 4, the battery loader with a special device is used. The lifting and transport works use a crane-beam with a loading capacity of 3 tons, as well as EP-201 electric loaders with a carrying capacity of 2 tons. For work on fastening wheels, drilled, wheeled, gearboxes and other screw connections are used by pneumatic wickers IP-3106 with a torque of 80 to 150 DAN-M (decanton-meter). To unscrew and twist the crankcase of the hydromechanical crankcase, and other connections with the moment of tightening up to 20 Dan-M are the pneumatic skatingkers of IP-3103.

The so-called "combined" maintenance number 1 and 2 is carried out on this streamline, in which the total volume of work on TO-2 is divided into five parts and is made within five car races on TO-1, but not more than during the run period car 7.5 --- 10 thousand km; At the same time, both TO-1 and TO-2 are produced only in interspersiat hours.

In accordance with the number of planned races on-2 in autoships, several zones are organized (in this case, their five), specialized in aggregate and car systems. Working work is uniformly distributed over all posts of each zone. The number of brigades corresponds to the number of specialized zones, workers are specialized in groups of aggregates and car systems.

Under these conditions, an aggregate-noded repair method is used: the car repair is made by replacing the worn nodes and the aggregates to the serviceable coming from the current fund. Thanks to this method, the car is in repair only the time you need to dismantle and install knots and their adjustments by car. This reduces downtime, allows specializing repairmen, improve the use of production areas, improve repair quality.

The most important condition for repairing the aggregate-nodes is the creation and preservation of a circulating assembly of components and units, which is completed from new and recovered nodes. The economic efficiency of this method of car maintenance is to increase the technical readiness of cars due to the best use of intersdency time. The introduction of this method at OJSC "Solikamskbumprom" in the auto-finding workshop instead of maintenance on universal posts has doubled the bandwidth of the profilator, the participation of drivers at the repair has decreased, significantly increased the operation time of cars on the line. In addition, due to the specialization of performers and the introduction of mechanization, labor productivity increased and the quality of maintenance and repair of cars has improved.

So, the use of a streaming method of car maintenance provides: the rhythm of the technological process, the mechanization and automation of work, the maximum use of equipment, the specialization of workers by types of work and the high quality of the work performed, high labor productivity, improving the production culture, reducing the need for equipment and manufacturing areas.

The method is most appropriate for servicing the cars of one brand or one type, for maintenance of EO or TO-1, with sufficient loading line of the current line of the car.

The method of combined maintenance is advisable to apply in large autoships that have 100 and more workers of BelAZ.

In small farms with an insufficient staff of the repair workers, which does not allow to organize the work of all zones in 2 - 3 shifts, maintenance and current car repair is advisable to carry out universal or specialized posts. Pre-car must be thoroughly washed and cleaned. Maintenance should be carried out under conditions that exclude dust and dirt entering the nodes and aggregates.

2.3 Calculation of the flow linedaily maintenance (EO) Continuous action

Battery layout.

The battery compartment performs repair, charging and recharging acb. In many major auto farms, the specialists of this department are produced by the AKB at TU-1 and TO-2. In accordance with the technology of service and repair of AKB and modern requirements for production in the workshop in especially large auto believes, the premises of the department are divided into reception, storage and repair departments (acid and charger).
The acid compartment is intended for storage in glass bottles of sulfuric acid and distilled water, as well as for the preparation and storage of electrolyte, for which a lead or a faience bath is used. It is installed on a wooden table laid out by lead. For safety reasons for spilling acid, bottles are installed in special devices.
Battery repair is usually carried out using finished parts (plates, separators, tanks). After repair, the battery is filled with electrolyte and enters the room for charging batteries. The charged battery returns to the car from which it was removed or entered into a revolving fund.
The number and nomenclature of technological equipment in the workplace are presented in Table 1.
The external workplace planning scheme is presented in Figure 1.

Table 1 - Selection of equipment for diagnostic

№

Name			Overall Dimensions, mm.
1	Flask for waste	3	-	600x400.
2	Workbench for assembly and disassembly	1	1041N-00.	1000x700.
3	Bath Vinylplastova	1	05.t.04	1000x550
	for washing acb
4	Varstak for repair AKB	3	SGR-59.	1400x650.
5	Stand diagnostic		Scyth 1-02	565x750
6	Bath for electrolyte	1	-	650x400.
7	Rack for details, materials and	1	CGR-80.	2200x600.
	tool
8	Workbench for swine smelting and mastic	1	-	1210x980.
9	Bath for draining electrolyte	1	-	1000x600.
10	Acid bottling device	2	-	800x300.
11	Electric distiller	2	ED-40	440x480.
12	Straighteners for charge battery	2	OPE-3O	450x520.
13	Account charge and storage rack	1	05.E./178.	3000x1200.
14	Trolley platform	1	TP-300.	600x900.

Figure 1 - Planning of the battery compartment
1 - Waste Waste, 2 - workbench for assembly and disassembly Akb, 3 - Viniplast bath for washing AKB, 4 - workbench for repair AKB, 5 - Stand Diagnostic Scythy, 6 - Bath for electrolyte, 7 - Rack for details, materials and Tools, 8 - Wheelbarrow for Swing Masters and Mastics, 9 - Bath for Plum Electrolyte, 10 - Acid Pouring Device, 11 - Electric Distiller, 12 - Barbing Rectifiers, 13 - Rack for Charge and Storage ACB, 14 - Platform Trolley .

Based on the annual laboriousness of the repair of batteries (AKB), we will find the number of employees, and then the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire separation.
Annual labor intensity is determined by the formula:
T G \u003d N Pr * TR *, chasha
Where N Pr-loungered units of repair, 120 pcs
TR PR -Treatability repair unit, 740 people
To with -coeffer seriality, we accept equal to 1
KN Over fulfillment, we accept 1.25.
T g \u003d 120 * 740 * \u003d 71040 people.
The laboriousness of the collapsible assembly works is approximately 4% of the total laboriousness of the repair.
T p \u003d 0.04 * 71040 \u003d 2841.6 people.
The list of compartment is determined by the formula:
N R.P. \u003d, people

- Active fund of working time production workers, hour. With a single-shift, it is 1750 ... 1800 hours.
N R.P. \u003d 1.6? 2 people.
The uncertain composition of the separation is determined by the formula:
N R.Yav. \u003d, people
Where t p orthosity works, people
-Nomalous fund of working time production workers, hour. With a single-shift, it is 2020 hours.
N R.P. \u003d 1.4? 2 people.
Because of the complexity and high laboriousness of work carried out in the battery compartment, we accept the number of workers equal to 3.
The area of \u200b\u200bindustrial premises is determined by the number of workers either through the area of \u200b\u200bequipment located in the department.
By the number of production workers:
F \u003d p * F p, m 2
Where r sp is the list of production workers, people
F R is an area per worker, m 2.
F \u003d 3 * 25 \u003d 75 m 2.

By area of \u200b\u200bequipment:
The area of \u200b\u200bthe department is determined by the floor area, occupied by equipment, and the transitional coefficient that takes into account working areas, travel and passages, and is expressed as:
F \u003d f 0 * k,
Where F 0-location occupied by equipment, m 2;
K-transition coefficient, taking into account working areas, passages and passages (K \u003d 3.0-4.0)
Knowing the area of \u200b\u200bthe equipment Find the area of \u200b\u200bthe department:
F \u003d 15.92 * 4 \u003d 63.68 m 2.
Select the area of \u200b\u200bthe disassembly separation, equal to 77 m 2.
The length of the separation of 11 meters, the width of the separation of 7 meters.

Introduction

In modern cars, over 80 units of electrical appliances are used, the health of the car depends on the serviceability.
Depending on the functional purpose of the electrical equipment, the system of electrical equipment is divided into a number of systems and groups: ignition, electropus, power supply, lighting and light alarm, instrumentation, switching and additional equipment.
The increase in the number and power of consumers of the electrical equipment system places increased requirements for electrical energy sources by car, in particular to the battery. The growth of the unit power of automotive engines requires the growth of the battery starter discharge. In addition, the rechargeable battery should provide consumer supplies with a non-working engine or when it works at a low rotational speed, when the generator set voltage is less than the battery voltage, as well as for a joint consumer generator, when their power exceeds the generator power generator.
The serviceability of the electrical equipment is largely affected by the reliability and efficiency of the car. Therefore, it is very important to maintain in good condition of the electrical equipment system, its individual instruments, especially batteries, the serviceability of which depends on the nature of the operation and the quality of their maintenance and repair.
Maintenance of batteries is a preventive event, carried out forced in a planned manner through a certain mileage of the rolling stock in the amount of the received list of operations.
The current repair of batteries is carried out in need and is performed in battery compartments (workshops, sites) of road transport enterprises. The volume of work on the current repair of batteries depends on the specific battery malfunctions and is determined in each case specifically.
Qualitative and timely maintenance of batteries throughout their service life ensures their trouble-free operation between services and contributes to a decrease in the need for repair.

1. General instructions

On vehicles, starter lead-acid batteries are used, which meet the requirements of GOST 959.0-84 E, GOST 959.23-79, TU 16-563.047-86, TU 16-729.169-79, TU 16-563.049-86, TU 16-563.009-84 , TU 16-563.038-86, TU 16-729.118-81, TU 16-563.016-86, TU 16-563.039-86, TU 16-563.040-86, TU 16-563.041-86, TU 16-563.042-86, TU 16-563.043-86, TU 16-563.045-86, TU 16-563.048-86, TU 16-529.951-78, TU 16-729.384-83, TU 16-563.032-86, TU 16-89.Lila. 563.412 , TU 16-88.LILE.563.412.014, TU 16-88.Lilay.563.413.007.

1.1. Maintenance of batteries

Maintenance of batteries performs battery pack or car repair mechanic (auto-electricity) in car maintenance zones.
The frequency and scope of work (a list of operations) for battery maintenance is established in accordance with the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of road transport and the instructions for the operation of battery packs Zhu-IE. 563410.001 IE.

1.2. Repair of batteries

Depending on the nature and scope of work, the repair of batteries is divided into the current and capital.
The current repair of batteries is to replace the casting mastic, checking and replacing the inter-element compounds, a welding of the pole conclusions, replacing the covers, the monoblock of separators.
Current repairs are performed in battery compartments (shops, plots) of motor vehicles.
Overhaul is determined by the need to replace semi-blocks of plates, monoblock and separators.
Overhaul is performed in specialized repair units (workshops).
Repair of rechargeable batteries associated with the replacement of plates is allowed to be performed in motor vehicles with good equipment of the battery compartment with technological equipment and the presence of highly qualified personnel.

1.3. Indicators used in conducting certification of services for maintenance and repair of batteries.

When conducting certification of maintenance services and the current repair of automotive starter batteries, the following indicators use:
1. Battery package.
2. Overall battery size.
3. Battery connections in the battery.
4. Location of the conclusions "+" and "-", their marking and size.
5. The state of the outer surface of the battery.
6. Battery condition (charged, not charged).
7. The presence of a safety panel over separators.
8. Tightness of the battery in the places of conclusions.
9. Battery sealing.
10. Battery designation.
11. Electrolyte level.
12. Battery capacity.
13. Characteristics of the starter category.
14. Electrolyte density.
15. Battery voltage.
16. Completion mode.

2. Accumulative offices of road transport enterprises.

2.1. Appointment of separation.

Maintenance and repair of batteries at road transport enterprises is performed in battery compartments (plots, shops and workshops), then in the text - separation. Maintenance of batteries perform office workers directly by car in the maintenance zones. Rechargeable compounds are designed for maintenance and current repair of batteries associated with in-depth testing of the technical condition, charging, replacement of separators, rewinding mastic, repair of connecting terminals, pin pins, etc. The department also contains the storage of batteries taken from the car and revolt. Accounting for works performed during maintenance and repair of batteries is carried out.
Thus, the following works are performed in the battery compartment:
- maintenance of battery batteries;
- current repair of batteries;
- Accounting for the operation of batteries and their storage.

2.2. Comparison composition

In accordance with the appointment and volume of work performed, the following sections should include the following sections: repair, electrolyte (acid), charging, machine and utility rooms.
Repair site is designed for maintenance and repair of batteries.
Electrolyte (acid) - for the preparation and storage of electrolyte and distilled water.
Charging - to charge batteries.
Machine - to accommodate charging units and removes with electrical measuring devices.
Utility rooms - for storing materials, new batteries and batteries requiring repair.
The location of the plots, as well as the placement of equipment in the department should provide a technological sequence of work under which the battery would move from one operation to another shortest way with minimal expenditure and time. The department must be equipped with technologically necessary equipment, devices, devices and tools. Plots of service and repair are advisable to place in close proximity to the maintenance and repair area, from where batteries come from, requiring an in-depth check, charge or repair. Next to the service and repair site should be the charging site and the utility room. Electrolyte (acid) area can be placed in the same room with a charging site. Machine plot in order to reduce the length of conductive wires and tires should be located as close as possible to the charging site. Depending on the manufacturing and repair and repair program, the availability of production areas, the battery compartment can be placed in five, four, three rooms, not less than two rooms and, as an exception, in one room. When the battery compartment is located in the same room, the charging and electrolyte sections are recommended. When the battery compartment is located in three rooms, it is recommended to have a charger and electrolyte sectors in the same room, in the other - repair and machine sections, in the third store materials, acid and batteries. The rechargeable compartment located in two rooms (without utility room), the sections are combined in the same way as in the previous layout option. When the separation is located in the same room, which is allowed as an exception, charging the batteries should be carried out in a special cabinet with an individual exhaust, the inclusion of which is scarked with the inclusion of the charger. The difference in the degree of equipment with equipment will depend on the production capacity of the department. Below is a list of technological equipment to technological planning solutions of rechargeable departments.
Specialized workshop performs:
-All types of repair of batteries;
- the electrolyte and distilled water;
- new and repaired rechargeable batteries in the working state;
- Control and training cycles for repaired batteries when they are verified;
- Cobbles and rents a battery lean containing lead.
In accordance with the appointment and scope of work performed, the following industrial and subsidiary departments may include:
- receiving - for accepting batteries that come for repair or charging;
- Charger - to charge batteries;
-Electrolite (acid) - for the preparation of electrolyte and distilled water;
-Mashny - to accommodate charging units and shields with electrical measuring devices, rheostats and chubs;
-The-trouble-defective - to disassemble batteries received for repairs, and defecting parts;
--assembly - for all types of repair of batteries and recruitment of suitable parts;
- Liteiny - for the preparation (casting) of inter-element compounds, barnets and additive lead rods;
- Storage and issuing finished products.
The foundry compartment is located in the immediate vicinity of the repair and assembly department.
In addition to the listed departments, the workshop should have a repair fund warehouse, a warehouse of spare parts and materials, a room for posting administration, supply service, mechanical compartment.
For production work, it is necessary to provide: a recreation room and meals, a wardrobe for workwear, a shower and wardrobe for clean clothes.
All departments of the workshop are recommended to be placed in accordance with the technological process of repair and charging batteries.

2.3. Technological process of maintenance and repair of batteries.

Rechargeable batteries that entered the workshop, requiring only charge, are sent to the charging compartment, where they are installed on the rack. The electrolyte is poured into new batteries, and distilled water into the used in operation. Then the batteries, depending on the electric container, are selected in the charge group. Rechargeable batteries are charged from the charging units located in the machine compartment. At the end of the battery charge, if necessary, the electrolyte density is adjusted. Charged batteries that have electrolyte trails on the surface are neutralized with a 10% solution of calcined soda or ammonic alcohol, wipe dry with a rag and sent to the separation of storage and issuing finished products. Rechargeable batteries requiring repairs enter the receiving department where they check their technical condition and establish the type of repair. If the batteries do not require disassembly to determine the type of repair (bummer of output pins, cracks in the battery cover, cracked monobloc need perezalivke mastic), they are directed to repair and assembly department for eliminating these problems. From the repair department of the battery, they are sent to the charging compartment for charge or in the storage and issuance of finished products. Suitable plates, monoblocks, covers, inter-element connections and other parts are sent to the repair and assembly separation directly to the assembly, and the details that have disposable defects are to repair. The unsuitable inter-element compounds are sent to the casting compartment on melting. The repair and assembly department are collected and completed with all parts and materials necessary for the repair of batteries received from razborochno-assembly department and warehouse of spare parts and materials. Renovated rechargeable batteries go to the warehouse of storage and issuing finished products or in the charger.

3. Safety equipment when repairing batteries.
Battery repair department must be isolated from other offices. Simultaneous charging of 10 and more rechargeable batteries are produced in an isolated room equipped with racks, or in a shared room of the workshop, but the batteries must be installed in the exhaust cabinet.
To protect the shoes of the working battery compartment from destruction to the floor, small lattices coated with acid-resistant varnish are placed. Daily at the end of work, the floor of the battery compartment and the lattice is washed with water.
To illuminate the battery compartment, explosion-safe lamps are used, and switches, plug sockets and fuses are installed in the vestibule.
The battery repair unit is equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation to remove sulfuric acid vapors, lead, their compounds, hydrogen and other gases and dust.
Rechargeable batteries flooded with electrolyte are transported on special trolleys with sockets in size of the batteries transported. You can only transfer batteries by manually using special fixtures - grippers or baskets.
To protect hands from burns with sulfuric acid, rubber gloves are put on. The body and clothing from the harmful effects of the acid protect the rubberized or wool aprons.
When working with electrolyte, rubber shoes are used and weave safety glasses in the rubber rim.
The electrolyte is prepared in dishes from an ebony or plastic.
From heavy bottles, it is uncomfortable and dangerous to overflow the acid, so they use fixtures that allow you to gradually tilt the bottle to the desired level, or a siphon.
The electrolyte is prepared by pouring a thin stream of sulfuric acid into distilled water. The mixture is continuously stirred by a glass wand. Acid is topped with a ceramic mug through a glass funnel or rubber pear. Sulfuric acid that fell on the skin as soon as possible is washed away with a neutralizing 10% solution of drinking soda and water, otherwise acid causes deep ulcers. Randomly spilled sulfuric acid is immediately neutralized by the same solution. After the end of working with acid thoroughly wash his hands with hot water with soap.
At the place of smelting, fillings, welding and swine soldering are arranged special umbrellas for hoods. Work is performed in tarpaulin jackets, pants at an eye, protective glasses and respirators. The solder of lead connecting bridges are performed with ventilation on.
The unsuitable plates and unsuitable lead and its waste are stored in a separate closing drawer. It is forbidden to take lead oxides with your hands.
To avoid an explosion of runday gas in the charging compartment, the following rules are followed: all work related to connecting and disconnecting wires before and after charging is allowed to be performed only when the current is turned off, the tightening of the wires must be sufficiently tight to prevent one's sparking; During the charging of batteries, you cannot use the load fork, as an explosion of runday gas can occur from sparking on terminals. You can check the battery with the load fork not earlier than an hour after charging. To avoid burn, the resistance of the load plug must be closed by a casing. The use of matches, candles, open fire, the heating of separation by electric hollows is categorically prohibited.

In the process of operation of batteries, there is a need for repair and charging. Depending on the nature of the malfunction, the scope of work is divided into small, medium or overhaul:
- Small repairs include replacement of filling mastic or elimination of defects of cans, jumper soldering, attack of conclusions, replacing battery lid, washing with neutral mortar.
- Average repair includes small repair operations, as well as removal of precipitate from cans, revision with partial replacement of plates and connecting strips, assembly and installation of separation, replacement of monoblock.
- Overhaul includes all medium repair operations and, in addition, eliminating cracks in the edge of the plates and samples of grids in negative plates, replace the semi-block polarity of electrodes, monoblock, covers and separators.
- In the rechargeable workshop, the inner partitions separating the charging and acidic rooms from the rest should be solid on the floor to the ceiling, the walls at a height of 1.5 - 1.8 m from the floor should be lined with acid-resistant tiles.
Inner walls are allowed with cement plaster with primrato and colorful acid-resistant paint light tone, brick or concrete floors with a layer of asphalt with a thickness of at least 30 mm.
- The heating of the battery workshop must be central, providing a temperature not lower than 15 ° C. Overall illumination should be at least 45 LCs. The charging department must be equipped with hermetic wiring and lighting reinforcement.
-Cemural workshop should have an isolated sewer network with a special outer septic for neutralizing with alkaline solutions.
- The accumulator premises should allow washing of floors and walls with water from the hose.
-Eventilation of the battery workshop should provide content in aerosol aerosols of sulfuric acid no more than 1 mg / cube. m, lead and its inorganic compounds - no more than 0.01 mg / cube. m, it should be provided with six - eight-round air exchange of 1 h.
- The preparation of the electrolyte should be used distilled water and a solution of sulfuric acid with a density of 1.40 g / cube. cm.
The freezing temperature of the lead battery electrolyte, depending on its density is given in Table. 2.
table 2
The dependence of the freezing temperature of the electrolyte from its density

Note. The lowest freezing temperatures are characterized by the electrolyte density of automotive batteries when they are fully charged.
The dependence of the voltage on the battery on the degree of its discharge is given in Table. 3.
Table 3.
The voltage on the battery depending on the degree of its discharge

Note. The electrolyte level should be higher than the upper edges of separators or safety plates.
-The recharge battery should be made after the electrolyte is removed from it. Monoblocks, covers, plugs after washing must be subject to defective.
Negative and positive electrodes are subject to repair at a sulfate less than 20%, arrogant for less than 3 mm, bite of the ears.
- Employees on the installation and charging of batteries are dealing with caustic acids and alkalis, which, with incorrect handling, can cause chemical body burns and eyes, organism poisoning (sulfuric acid at elevated concentrations in the air).
- During the charging of the batteries, hydrogen is highlighted, which lifters in the air very small splashes of electrolyte. The hydrogen content in the room can reach an explosive concentration, so without constant ventilation, the installation and charging of the batteries is prohibited.
- Employees employed on installation and charging batteries are required to know well and strictly fulfill the rules for the safe implementation of electrical and commissioning work outlined in the production instruction.
- Administration is obliged to create normal working conditions, to ensure the workplace necessary for the safe execution of work by means:
flowing tap water to wash off acid and alkali spray;
5% solution of drinking soda for neutralization of acid;
10% boric acid solution for alkali neutralization;
2% boric acid solution for washing the eyes.
- Before the start of the work, the master must try in action in force - exhaust ventilation, check the operation of heating (in winter) and lighting the premises of the battery and carry out employees production instrument in the workplace.
- Workers engaged in repairs and charging batteries, should know and perform:
Character and safe methods of work production;
the order of the passage to the location of the accumulator room;
the procedure for receiving and passing the keys from the accumulator room;
the procedure for switching on and off ventilation, stationary lighting;
Order of unloading and place of storage I am bottles with acid and distilled water;
the procedure for conducting gas electric welding work;
the order of molding batteries;
The main rules for assisting the victim and the location of neutralizing solutions;
The location of the nearest telephone and the procedure for calling emergency medical care, fire protection, head of work.
- Electrical installations leading battery mounting must have an electrical safety group not lower than III.
- The basic requirements for the accumulator room are shown in Table. four.
Table 4.
Basic requirements for the device of accumulator batteries

etc.................

11 Proposed Organization of Technological Process

The rechargeable workshop in my project has dimensions - 6 * 9 and, accordingly, area is 54 m 2. Since there are zones with specific working conditions in the workshop, I propose to divide the workshop for four compartments:

1. Department "Reception and Control"

3.3 * 2.9 9.57 m 2

2. "Repair compartment"

6.1 * 3.7 22.57 m 2

3. "Charging Department"

4.8 * 2.7 12.96 m 2

4. "Acid compartment"

2.2 * 4.1 9.02 m 2

Separate workshops offer to carry out with the help of highly efficient ventilating transparent partitions (development of SCB Mc). The floor in all branches should be laid out by the Metlah tiles, the color of the walls of the unrear color. The bottom of the walls I suggest lay out with a tile at a height of 1.5 m.

In the neighborhood with the battery workshop, a zone of TO-2, electrical and carburetor workshop, as the most popular for the technological process used in ATP, should be located.

"Acid" branch should have an independent output to the street. Faulty batteries come from the T-2 zone according to the roller, connecting the Zones to 2 and the rechargeable workshop, to the post of reception and control of the batteries, where the batteries are specified. Then the batteries are transported on the cart, or in the "charging" department for recharging, or in the "repair" branch for the necessary works for the tri batteries.

In the "repair" department, all equipment is located in the order of promoting work on repairing batteries, i.e. The directional route technology is being introduced (Developing SCB Mc). To reduce unnecessary transitions and to increase productivity throughout the battery repair line, rolled rolling.

Waste, obtained during repair, are stored in hermetic lari for waste (development of SCB Mc). All Zap. Parts and materials are brought on a special trolley - rack (development of SKB AMT). Renovated batteries also come through through rolling rolling in the workshop (separation) of charging and refueling batteries. Charging and impregnation is performed using a special installation for electrolyte distribution (the manufacture of electrolyte is produced in the "acid" compartment, where a special installation for the preparation of electrolyte is also applied). Ready-to-use batteries are stored on the shelving for storing batteries, from where they come again to the Zone-2 zone to install them on the car.

Not belonging to the repair of the battery are exported from the workshop.

12 Major Tasks for the implementation of energy-saving technologies and economic activities in ATP

Environmental protection from the harmful effects of AT is carried out in many directions, some of which should be the field of activities of graduates of motor vehicles and which I planned to implement in my project.

Currently, more than 30 standards for environmental measures are developed and everywhere. In particular, the commissioning of ATP (and other industrial objects) is not allowed until the end of their construction and testing and dusty-grades and devices. The harmful effects of AT on the environment occurs in two directions:

1) direct negative effects of vehicles on the environment associated with emissions of a huge number of harmful toxic substances into the atmosphere and with increased noise from the work of a / m on the line;

2) indirect effect comes from the organization and operation of ATP for maintenance and repair of a / m, parking garages, fuel-gas stations, etc., occupying a large and annually increasing area necessary for human life and, first of all, in Damage large cities - megacities.

According to environmental organizations in Moscow, about 90% of all emissions of harmful toxic substances fall on at.

Due to the increasing energy deficit, a whole complex of introduction in the production of energy-saving technologies was developed, incl. For ATP.

In connection with the foregoing, I propose the creation of modern production that meets the environmental requirements with the device of a modern system of supply and exhaust ventilation with the introduction of a system of dust collectors, gas trap filters, etc. In ATP, in general, modern diagnostics should be implemented using high-precision electronic devices, etc. For timely detection of a / m with a faulty power system, ignition, etc., whose work parameters do not meet environmental requirements, as well as the creation of appropriate workshops, posts and jobs to eliminate faults in these systems (by carrying out the necessary adjustments, replace faulty nodes and parts, etc.).

In order to save electricity for lighting during the daytime at posts and repair and at workplaces in the auxiliary workshops, we offer to maximize the use of natural lighting by creating modern widescreen window openings, and in the upper part of the production buildings - "lights" of daylight lighting of a large area. Accordingly, the equipment is made in the workshops (so as not to heat the light stream) and the location of the posts with a / m. I offer for each post and workplace to develop an optimal technological mode of work to minimize the time to carry out operations and thereby reduce the consumption of electricity and materials. All energy consumers, ranging from lamps of artificial lighting and ending with electric power plants, stands and appliances, must be equipped with automation elements to disconnect them from the network at the end of work.

To maintain heat in the Remzones (and, therefore, in the workshops), they should be equipped with a gate with a mechanized discovery and a heat curtain with the lower arrangement (one of the best types of gates is recognized as the gate of the folding type with a vertical lift). In the EO ATP zone with posts for car wash, I propose to place a system for repeated (multiple) use of water, with the introduction of the latest sewage facilities like "Crystal", etc.

Mechanized installations in the zone must be equipped at the inlet and departure from the post flexible command protrolters with sensors to automatically turn on-shutdown installations, which will also give great savings.

This is only part of an environmental and energy-saving events that I propose to implement in my project.

13 Modern production requirements in the workshop

To improve the quality of repair and improving the productivity of workers, I offer the following activities in my project:

1. The widespread introduction of relevant diagnostic types; This allows you to dramatically reduce the time for maintaining specific faults and identify possible resources of no repair.

2. The introduction of advanced methods for organizing the production of progressive technology.

3. In order to increase productivity, the quality of work and the total culture of production in the workshop, to introduce the directional route technology developed by SKB AMT (at the same time, non-rational transitions of workers are reduced to a minimum, the technological process occurs, taking into account the most modern requirements).

4. I propose periodically, by PTO employees, to conduct a timing at workplaces in order to compare the time spent with generally accepted standards to identify unreasonable reserves and the reasons for increasing these norms.

5. In order to improve the working conditions of workers, I propose a number of sanitary and hygienic measures (cleanliness of premises, good ventilation, good lighting, installation of soundproofing partitions, maintenance of artificial climate).

14 Map passport for workplace

Square room S \u003d 54 m 2

Filling coefficient equipment N \u003d 3.5

The number of workers in shift P \u003d 2 people.

Air temperature T \u003d 18 - 20 ° C

Relative humidity 40 - 60%

Air speed 0.3 - 0.4 m / s

Work in the battery workshop refers to the category of work of moderate severity.

Energy consumption 232 - 294

Connection of harmful substances

Normated parameter

The value of the parameter

1. Width of passages in the light between batteries for service:

with one-sided location

Not less than 0.8 m

with double-sided location

Not less than 1.0 m

2. Distance from batteries to heating devices

Not less than 0.75 m

3. The distance between the current-time parts of the batteries, the voltage between which during normal operation (not when charging) exceeds 65 V:

at voltage up to 250 V

Not less than 0.8 m

at a voltage of more than 250 V

Not less than 1.0 m

4. Rated battery voltage at which wooden insulating grilles must be installed in the passages for maintenance

according to the 2TE10U diesel locomotive repair program, we define alkaline batteries repairing program

where n. - the number of cans installed on diesel locomotive, pcs;

- annual repair program, sec

For repair we accept the repairs program of battery cans equal to 6440 cans.

1.2 Purpose of the battery pack. Select form

Organizations of production

The battery compartment serves to form new acid and alkaline batteries, with the treatment of therapeutic charging and repair of operated batteries.

Working with acid and alkaline batteries in one room is strictly prohibited, so the separation is divided into two isolated plots. One placed positions for the repair of acid batteries, on the other for repairing alkaline batteries. On the position of the repair of acid batteries are placed on the graphic part and the arrangement of the equipment.

We accept the stationary form of organization of production due to the small repair program.

The main parameter of the production process is the issue tact - the time interval through which the production of products or billets, certain items, type, size and execution periodically produces.

Trackers of the manufacturing process of the C / S are determined by the formula

T. i.= F.i./M.rem where F.i.– annual equipment of the equipment, h;

M.rem – annual volume of release of sections from repair.

T. i.=1984/140=14

Rhythm of the production process of seconds I define the formula

R.i.= M.rem / F.i.

R.i.=140 / 1984 = 0,07

1.3 Modes of operation of the rechargeable compartment site and the calculation of the working time fund

The operation mode of the battery compartment is taken into one shift. The work shift begins 8.00 h and ends 20.00 h with a break for lunch from 12.00 to 13.00 h.

Distinguish the calendar, nominal and efficient working time fund.

The working time calendar fund is established on the basis of the Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus for various modes of the enterprise and is published in printing in the form of a production calendar.

The working time calendar fund is used in determining the nominal and efficient funds, the equipment of the working time of the equipment, as well as the fastener number of employees.

Annual workfound of the working time of the turning contingent, define the formula

F p \u003d d r t. P + D P t. P, (2)

where D R is the number of full working days a year, for 2008 at a five-day working week of D R \u003d 246 days;

t. P is the duration of a full working day, h, t. p \u003d 8 h;

D P - the number of festive days that do not coincide with the general weekend; for 2008 d n \u003d 8 days;

t. P is the duration of the pre-holiday working day, h; t. n \u003d 7 h

F p \u003d 246 · 8 + 8 · 7 \u003d 2024 h.

An effective working time fund is used in determining the list of employees.

Foundation of working time employees of a list contingent h, define by the formula

F SP \u003d (F R - D about t. P) A R, (3)

where d about - the duration of vacation, days; D o \u003d 25 day;

a p - coefficient, taking into account the unreacted work on valid primitives; A p \u003d 0.96.

F SP \u003d (2024 - 25 · 7) · 0.96 \u003d 1775 h.

Annual working time of the equipment of the part of h, determined by the formula

F. I. \u003d F R. S. I. and about, h (4) where S. I. - the number of shifts of work equipment for the battery section, shift;

S. I. \u003d 1 shift;

and about the coefficient, taking into account the simple equipment in planned repairs in the apparent work of the equipment; We accept A \u003d 0.98.

F. I. \u003d 2024 · 1 · 0.98 \u003d 1984 h.

1.4 Calculation of the contingent of rechargeable branch workers

Determine the clerk and literate contingent of workers.

The focusing number of production workers expect by the formula

, (5)

where M Rem is the annual program of this type of repair, sec.;

q. Rem is the complexity of the repair of the battery on the Cycle TP-3, people;

q. Rem - 69.8 people. h;

F R - Annual Fund of the Working Time of the Study Contingent, h;

K - the ratio takes into account the over-fulfillment of the production standards;

person.

The list of production workers is calculated by the formula

where is the replacement coefficient, taking into account the absence of people at work

Introduction

The theme of my diploma project is "Organization of the battery workshop of a motor transportation enterprise by 370 ZIL-5301." The rechargeable workshop occupies an important place in the general technological process of ATP.

Inheritance from the former USSR of Russia, a relatively powerful infrastructure of vehicles with an extensive system for planning the organization of transportation and operating service with a fairly modern technological basis for the repair of PS AT was obtained. At the same time, a significant increase in the efficiency of the transportation process, while simultaneously reducing the cost of transportation, it was not enough - the search for new optimal solutions is required, especially in the conditions of the transition of the entire economy to market relations. Privatization and incorporation of former ATPs with full or partial transmission to private ownership, including the PS, demanded to make significant changes in the organization of the transportation process and to the organization of the repair service. Subjected to significant changes, both in quantitative and qualitatively, the control structure itself. Thus, for example, the former Ministry of AT and the highways of the Russian Federation entered the Joint Department of Transport, whose work is aimed at combining efforts, previously broken modes of transport and the creation of a single transport system that meets the modern requirements of the market economy.

It should be noted that the previously developed and well-established main provisions of operation, maintenance and repair PS AT remained virtually unchanged, not counting individual "cosmetic" innovations. As before, a powerful lever increase the efficiency of vehicles in general is the mechanization and automation of manufacturing processes of the repair service in ATP with the introduction of new technologies, garage equipment (including foreign firms). For the implementation of the tasks, the domestic industry, despite the complex economic situation, continues to expand the nomenclature of the produced garage equipment for almost all types of work and, first of all, to fulfill labor-intensive operations. A significant role in increasing the productivity of repair workers, and consequently, in reducing the cost of work, the streaming method is reduced, and in the zones of specialized posts (in addition to universal), the introduction of an aggregate method of repair, when instead of defective components and aggregates on a / m immediately They put pre-renovated from the revolving fund - this allows dramatically to reduce the simple vehicle in the repair. In auxiliary workshops, a significant effect gives the use of route technology, which reduces the irrational costs of working time.

An even greater value will be attached to the corresponding types of diagnosis, because In addition to the rapid and accurate detection of various failures and malfunctions, it allows you to predict a possible resource of the activities of a / m without repair, which generally facilitates the optimal volume of work in advance, and this, in turn, allows you to establish the clarity of the organization of all links ATP repair service, including supply issues. The experience of using diagnostics in ATP indicates a significant decrease in emergency situations on the line for technical reasons and on significant economy of production resources - up to 10-15%. The implementation of the tasks in front of the ATP repair service will allow, besides these positive moments, to increase the total production culture, create optimal sanitary and hygiene conditions for workers. Another direction in increasing the efficient operation of vehicles is the production of manufacturers and introduction to the transportation process of a fundamentally new type of PS - from powerful car tractors for long-distance transportation to mini-trucks of various types with high maneuverability for cities (for example, "Gazelle", "bulls" ).

The implementation of the outlined activities will undoubtedly allow the transport process more quickly and in a larger volume to carry out the transport process when servicing the population and various parts of the Russian Federation, while reducing the cost of transport services, which will make it possible to make motor vehicles cost-effective, meets modern requirements.

1 Organization of the technological process in the batteryMulatto shopmotor transportation enterprise

The acid compartment is intended for storage in glass bottles of sulfuric acid and distilled water, as well as for the preparation and storage of electrolyte, for which a lead or a faience bath is used. It is installed on a wooden table laid out by lead. For safety reasons for spilling acid, bottles are installed in special devices.

A faulty battery is received to the reception room. It is monitored from the technical condition and determines the maintenance of maintenance and repair work. Next, depending on the state, they come to repair or recharging.

Battery repair is usually carried out using finished parts (plates, separators, tanks). After repair, the battery is filled with electrolyte and enters the room for charging batteries. The charged battery returns to the car from which it was removed or entered into a revolving fund.

Akb is usually assigned to cars. To do this, the garage number a / m is installed on the battery jumpers. In medium or small autoras, the battery compartment is usually located in two rooms. In one, the reception and repair of the batteries are carried out, and the electrolyte and charging of the batteries are carried out in the other.

2 Calculation of the production programSource Data for Design

Initial data	Legend	Data taken to the calculation	Units

1. Mark car
2. List number a / m

3. average daily car mileage

4. Number of days of work in the year ATP

5. Number of battery work work days



7. Duration of release and return to the park

Notes:

1. The number of rechargeable workshop operations for planning purposes according to the technical school method is accepted equal to 305 days.

3 Adjustment of the frequency TO.AND Mileage to major repairs

Rights standards Correct based on the following factors:

2. The coefficient of K 2, which takes into account the modification of rolling stock, accept the table. №3 "Appendices" is equal to 2 \u003d 1.0;

3. The coefficient to 3, taking into account the natural climatic conditions, for our central zone on the table. №3 "Appendices" accept - K 3 \u003d 1.0.

Resulting coefficients for adjustment We accept the following:

1) For periodicity, then - to that \u003d K 1 * K 3 \u003d 0.8 * 1.0 \u003d 0.8

2) for the mileage to the cap. repair - to kr \u003d K 1 * to 2 * K 3 \u003d 0.8 * 1.0 * 1.0 \u003d 0.8

Periodicity standards are (for new models of cars, for the I operating category) take from Table. №1 "Applications", and standards of an interremmer mileage to the Kyrgyz Republic from Table. №2.

1. We produce a mileage adjustment to TO-1:

L 1 \u003d k to * h 1 \u003d 0.8 * 3000 \u003d 2400 km

2. Correct Mileage to TO-2:

L 2 \u003d k to * H 2 \u003d 0.8 * 12000 \u003d 9600 km

3. Correct Mileage to the Kyrgyz Republic (cycle):

L c \u003d to cr * n kr \u003d 0.8 * 300000 \u003d 240000 km

4 Definition of the manufacturing programBY ThatAND KrPER CYCLE

Z.and the cycle take mileage to the cr

NOTE:

Since all planning in ATP is conducted for a year, it is necessary for the production program for the cycle to translate to the annual program for the entire rolling stock of ATP; For this purpose, we preliminarily determine the coefficients of technical readiness (TG), the use of car park (s) and transition from the cycle by year (g).

5 Definition of technical readiness coefficient

The coefficient of technical readiness is determined taking into account the operation of a / m per cycle (D EC) and the downtime of the car at the repair of the operation cycle (DC).

Name of indicators, formulas		Account indicators

Technical readiness coefficient: TG \u003d D ETS / D ETS + D RC,


where D RC is simple for the cycle at that and repair: D RC \u003d D K + L C / 1000 * D Or * Wed,	8 + 240000/1000 * 0,25	Dts \u003d 68 days.


D to - Simple in the Kyrgyz Republic on ARZ, in Table. №4 "Applications" accept - d K \u003d 16 days,	In view of the centralized delivery of a car with ARZ, for planners. idle rate reduce by 50%


D OR * Wed - a specific simple in T. and TP per 1000 km of mileage, according to the table. №4 "Appendices" accept - d and * cp \u003d 0.5 days,	In connection with the partial holding of TR and TR in intersdency, you can also reduce by 50%	D Or * cp \u003d 0.25 days.



D EC - the number of days of operation of the car for the cycle: d ez \u003d n eotz \u003d l c / l ss		D etz \u003d 2667 days.

6 Definition of the Park Usage Coefficient

This coefficient is determined, taking into account the number of days of work of the Park in the year - D RSP (on the task) by the formula:

TG * D Rgp / 365 \u003d 0.97 * 305/365 \u003d 0.81

7 DefinitionQuantityANDTOR

As mentioned above, this coefficient is determined in order to transfer the cyclic production program for the annual: n \u003d and * 365 / d EC \u003d 0.81 * 365/2667 \u003d 0.11.

Determination of the number ofANDTOR around the park for the year

Estimated formula		Account indicators
N krg \u003d n krts * n g * and with
N 2g \u003d n 2to * n g * and with
N 1g \u003d n 1to * n g * and with
N jog \u003d n eotz * n g * and with	2667 * 0,11 * 370	N jog \u003d 108546

Note.

Calculation Indicators - N of KRG, N 2G, N 1G, N Jog - round up to integer numbers.

Determination of the quantity then in the park per day

Estimated formula		Account indicators
N 2Sut \u003d N 2G / D RG zone TO-2

N 1Sut \u003d N 1G / D RG zone TO-1

N EO SUT \u003d N EOG / D RG Zone EO		N EO SUT \u003d 355

Note.

1. Calculation indicators - N 2Sut, N 1Cut, N EO Sut - round up to integer numbers.

2. Since ZONE-1 and TO-2 in most ATPs on Saturdays and Sundays and on holidays do not function, and the EO zones act as much as the entire park works, i.e. D RG zone EO \u003d D RGP Park (on task).

We accept:

D RG zone TO-2 \u003d 305 days.

D RG zone TO-1 \u003d 305 days.

D RG zone eo \u003d 305 days.

8 Determination of the annual laboriousness of work work

The annual labor-intensity of work for workshops and departments of ATP is taken as a share of the total labor-intensity of works on TR for the entire fleet, and that, in turn, is determined by the formula:

T Tr \u003d L GP * T Tr, where:

L GP is the total annual mileage of the entire rolling stock of ATP (in thousands of km);

t tr - the specific labor intensity of tr, is given for every 1000 km of the flea of \u200b\u200bcars and trailers of parks;

L GP - Determine by the formula:

L GP \u003d 365 * and * L ss * and C \u003d 365 * 0.81 * 90 * 370 \u003d 9845145 km.

t Tr - take from table. №5 "Applications" and accept -

t Tr \u003d 4.8 people-hour.

Because These standards are given for the main basic models of new cars, for the I category of operation - it is necessary to adjust Tel tel, taking into account the correction coefficients - to 1, to 2, to 3, etc., and we take their values \u200b\u200bfrom the "Applications" tables to adjust "Laboriousness", not "runs", as before.

K 1 is a coefficient that takes into account the category of operating conditions.

K 2 is a coefficient that takes into account the modification of rolling stock.

By 3 - coefficient, taking into account the natural climatic conditions.

By 4 - a coefficient characterizing the fleet of car park from the beginning of operation (from the table. No. 3 "applications"), and conventionally accept equal to 1.

K 5 is a coefficient characterizing the size of ATP and, therefore, its technical equipment, we take from table. №3 "Applications".

Now we determine the resulting coefficient for the correction of HDDTRUKOSKOST - CTR, according to the formula:

K TR \u003d K 1 * K 2 * K 3 * K 4 * K 5 \u003d 1.2 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 0.8 \u003d 1.02.

We produce the adjustment of the specific regulatory complexity T Tr:

t Tr \u003d T Tr * K Tr \u003d 4.8 * 1.02 \u003d 4.9 people-hour.

We determine the annual labor intensity of the TP on the above formula:

T Tr \u003d L GP / 1000 * T Tr \u003d 9845145/1000 * 4.9 \u003d 48241 people-hour.

We determine the share of works from Tel, coming to the battery shop on Table. №8 "Applications".

Share off \u003d 0.03.

We determine the annual labor intensity of workpages for the ATP rechargeable workshop by the formula:

T r off \u003d T Tr * Share Depth. \u003d 48241 * 0.03 \u003d 1447 people.

All indicators of annual labor-intensities are rounded to integer numbers.

Since the organization of work in the department is planned to with me, taking into account the latest NIIAT recommendations, with the introduction of the basic provisions of notes, using new models of garage equipment, labor productivity in the department will increase at least 10%, and the labor productivity increment factor will be:

Then the projected annual labor-intensity of work in the workshop will be:

T g off. \u003d T g off. * To pp \u003d 1447 * 0.9 \u003d 1303 people-hour.

The released annual labor intensity due to the planned increase in labor productivity (compared with generally accepted existing standards) - will be:

T g. \u003d T g off. - T g off. \u003d 1447 - 1303 \u003d 144 people-hour.

9 Determination of the number of workers in the battery workshop

We determine the number of technologically necessary workers (number of jobs) by the formula:

R T \u003d T g dep. / F M \u003d 1303/2070 \u003d 0.6 people.

I accept: p T \u003d 1 people,

where F M is a valid workplace fund (taking into account the number of days of work in the year of separation and duration of the shift), according to Table. №10 "Applications" of methodical manual accept:

F M \u003d 2070 people-hour.

Determine the regular (list) number of workers:

P Ш \u003d T g off. / F p \u003d 1303/1820 \u003d 0.7 people,

where F R is a valid working time fund, taking into account holidays, diseases, etc., we accept the table. №10 "Applications" -

F p \u003d 1820 people-hour.

Thus, the staff number of work offices finally accept: p sh \u003d 2 people.

Note: Based on the technological necessity and work experience, I take p sh \u003d 2 people.

10 Definition of the production area of \u200b\u200bthe workshop

We define the total area in terms of equipment and organizational equipment, according to the formula:

F sum \u003d F sum + F sum \u003d 1,697 + 14,345 \u003d 16.042.

The estimated area of \u200b\u200bthe workshop is determined by the formula:

F workshop \u003d F sum * to pl \u003d 16,042 * 3,5 \u003d 56,147,

To the PL - the density density coefficient for this workshop, given the specifics and safety of work;

To the pl. We take from table. №11 "Applications" equal to 3.5.

Considering that the new buildings and premises are usually built with a grid of multiple - 3 m, and in the greatest mererorshatrated dimensions of the workshops are: 6 * 6, 6 * 9, 6 * 12, 9 * 9, 9 * 12, 9 * 24, etc. d. - I take the size of the workshop equal to - 6 * 9 m.

Then the area of \u200b\u200bthe workshop will be 54 m 2.

Vedomost to a selection of technological equipment shop

Name	number	Gabrit. Dimensions (mm)	Square in terms of (total) m 2	Energy intensity (general) kW	Brand or model
Transformer					purchased
welding
Electropolothene					purchased
Rectifier
Power Shield					purchased
Electrodistiller
Installation for cooking					development
electrolyte
Electrode for					development
serving ptyores
Clamps for sublection					purchased

Electric gel for					purchased

Installation for distribution					development
electrolyte

Vedomost to a selection of organizational equipment workshop

Name	Number	Gabrit. Dimensions (mm)	Square in terms of (total) m 2	Type, model
Rack with exhaust
for charging batteries
Rack for specials. Charging
				made.
Section cabinet for
impregnation battery with hood				made.
Bath for draining electrolyte
Workbench for disassembling acb
Little Flask for Lead				owns. Added.
Combined Wipe Bath				development of SKB AMT.
Plate prelection workbench				owns. Added.
Battery build workshop				owns. Added.
Sectionable cabinet				owns. Added.
Rack trolley for				development
spare parts and materials
Fish for lead waste				development
sealed
Rack for batteries
Box for garbage				purchased
Interior bedside table				purchased
Table stationery				purchased
Table for control of acb				owns. Added.
Cabinet for rectifiers				owns. Added.
Trolley for transportation				owns. Added.

Household bedside table				purchased
Trolley for transportation
acids in bottle
Installation table for				owns. Added.
distribution of electrolyte
Acopa bottle				purchased
Sink				purchased

Vedomost to a selection of technological equipment shop

11 The proposed organization of the technological process

1. Department "Reception and Control"

3.3 * 2.9 9.57 m 2

2. "Repair compartment"

6.1 * 3.7 22.57 m 2

3. "Charging Department"

4.8 * 2.7 12.96 m 2

4. "Acid compartment"

2.2 * 4.1 9.02 m 2

Next to the rechargeable workshop, the Zone-2, electrotechnical and carburetor workshop should be located, as in the greatest mergery process used in ATP.

Not belonging to the repair of the battery are exported from the workshop.

12 The main tasks for the introduction of energy-saving technologies andEconomic activities in ATP

According to environmental organizations in Moscow, about 90% of all emissions of harmful toxic substances fall on at.

Due to the increasing energy deficit, a whole complex of introduction in the production of energy-saving technologies was developed, incl. For ATP.

This is only part of an environmental and energy-saving events that I propose to implement in my project.

13 Modern T.Adjustments in the workshop

To improve the quality of repair and improving the productivity of workers, I offer the following activities in my project:

1. The widespread introduction of relevant diagnostic types; This allows you to dramatically reduce the time for maintaining specific faults and identify possible resources of no repair.

2. The introduction of advanced methods for organizing the production of progressive technology.

3. In order to increase productivity, the quality of work and the overall culture of production in the workshop, to introduce the directional route technology developed by SKB AMT (with all this to a minimum, irrational transitions of workers are reduced, the technological process occurs, taking into account the most modern requirements).

14 Map passport for workplace

Square room S \u003d 54 m 2

Filling coefficient equipment N \u003d 3.5

The number of workers in shift P \u003d 2 people.

Air temperature T \u003d 18 - 20 C

Relative humidity 40 - 60%

Air speed 0.3 - 0.4 m / s

Work in the battery workshop refers to the category of work of moderate severity.

Energy consumption 232 - 294

Connection of harmful substances

15 Light

Natural lighting with top and upper unit lighting

e \u003d 4%, with lateral lighting

Artificial lighting general E \u003d 200 LCs,

Combined lighting E \u003d 500 LC.

Noise level J \u003d 80 dB at a frequency of 1000 Hz.

16 EVENTSBY TB

Workers employed by repair of batteries and their service constantly have contacts with harmful substances (pairs of lead, sulfuric acid), which, under certain conditions or improper treatment, can lead to injury or poisoning of the body. In addition, when charging the battery, a chemical reaction occurs, as a result of which allocated free hydrogen mixed with oxygen mixed in any proportions and fleece gas is formed, exploding not only from fire, but also from compression. In this regard, the accumulator workshop of ATP should consist of three compartments: "repair", "charger", "acid".

The charging department should have a direct exit to the street or in a common repair box. The floor in the battery workshop should be or asphalted or laid out by Metlah tiles. All workers should use overalls and protective equipment. Akb, weighing more than 20 kg, you need to carry on the trolley, excluding falling. When carrying the battery you need to use various devices (so as not to bleed the electrolyte).

It is necessary to prepare the electrolyte in specials. Withouts, pumped first distilled water, and then acid. You can overflow with the help of specialists. Purve manual acid and pour water into it - forbidden!

When preparing an electrolyte, it is necessary to strictly follow the TB rules. Bottles with acid or with electrolyte move in warehouses only with the help of specials with bottles fixation. Tubes made of dense rubber should fit tightly to the surface of the bottle neck. For a long time to store bottles with acid in the battery workshop. Charge control is carried out only by charging devices (load plugs, hydrometers, glass intake tubes). At the same time, the battery is obliged to wear rubber gloves. It is forbidden to check the charge of the battery with a short circuit. In the battery workshop, the stays of persons who do not work in the workshop are prohibited (except for attendants - at night).

When entering the battery workshop, it is necessary to install the sink, a kites with a first-aid kit, an electric fiber, on the bedside table should be kept on the finished soda solution (5-10%). A neutralizing solution is made to flush the eye (2-3%). If an acid or electrolyte is hit to open parts of the body, it is necessary to wash this section of the body immediately: first with a neutralizing solution, and then water with an alkaline soap. The electrolyte, spilled on the rack or table, is removed by a rag moistened in the neutralizing solution.

In the battery workshop, it is forbidden to eat and water. After completing the work, the workers are recommended to take the shower using alkaline soap, and then a regular toilet. All tools, trolleys, fixtures must be working. In the department in prominent places it is necessary to post posters with visual agitation on TB. When entering, it is necessary to post general requirements for TB. Workers must pass to TB tools at least once a year. Special attention should be paid to ventilation. It is made separately from the ventilation of the entire enterprise. Made exhaust cabinets for drawing with racks.

Ventilation is an explosive suction at the top, feeding from below. The charged air panels are installed along the baths for the preparation of electrolyte. The amount of air removed is at least 2.5 volumes of 1 hour.

Local ventilation is installed at workplaces: for melting lead and workbenches for assembling and disassembling AKB.

17 Firefire events

By fire hazard, the battery workshop refers to the category "D", and the "charger" separation refers to the category "A" (especially unait). Therefore, in the department, it is necessary to strictly follow all fire safety rules for the specified categories.

In the "Charging" department of the door should be opened out and go out. Ventilation in the "charging" department (due to the release of hydrogen during charge) should provide 6-8 multiple exchange; In "repair" - 2-3 multiple. In the separation of all lamps in gas-permeable fittings. Open lighting is performed by a refined wire.

In the charging compartment, it is forbidden to install switches, plug sockets, electrical heaters, rectifier devices. On each site, without fail, there should be a fire extinguisher, both foam and carbon dioxide (OP and OU).

I provide for installing chargers (rectifiers) in special hermetic cabinets (with extractor) from durable glass and place them in the reception and control unit. In addition to the fire notice consultation, I propose to install thermal detectors of maximum action (IP-104, IP-105), in the "charging" department, install an automatic gas analyzer with alarm system, as well as smoking sensors associated with the central control panel of ATP.

I propose to install primary fire extinguishing tools in each compartment:

1. Foam fire extinguisher OKH-10 - 2 pcs.

2. Air-foam fire extinguisher OVP-10 - 2 pcs.

3. Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher OU-2 - 2 pcs.

4. Box with sand - 0.5 cubic meters - 1 pc.

5. Shovel - 1 pc.

18 FIRE SAFETY

Connect the clips of the battery with a wire "twist" - it is forbidden !!!

Charge care control is carried out by special devices.

Check the battery short circuit - prohibited !!!

Use a different type "tees" and connect to a socket more than one consumer - forbidden !!!

For inspection of the battery, portable electrolympics are used, with explosion-proof voltage of not more than 42 V.

PROHIBITED:

Enter the battery workshop with open fire (matches, cigarettes, etc.);

Use in the battery workshop with electric heating devices;

Keep bottles with acid (they need to be stored in a special room);

Jointly store and charge acidic and alkaline batteries;

Staying outsiders indoors.

19 Equipment

Appointment design

The bowman is designed to reversal batteries when washing or draining the electrolyte. Significantly facilitates the work on the above operations.

Construction of the backwater

The tanker consists of a platform 3, on which two racks 2. The platform has four wheels 5, two of which are welded by brackets 4 to the platform 3, and the other two can rotate around the vertical axis 12, since The bracket is welded to the bearings of the node, which provides when transporting a tanker to the separation of turning, and not just a straight movement.

At the top of the racks 2, bearing nodes are installed, in which the semi-axes are rotated. The lodge has a window for installing a battery. The battery is fastened with the help of presses. Lental with the installed battery can be rotated to any angle manually. At the same time, the flywheel 7 will be fixed at the angles of rotation 90, 180, in order to release the lock of the flywheel, it is necessary to pull onto the flywheel, when fixing - it is necessary to let it go and, under the action of the spring, it will return to his place.

1. The battery (AKB) is placed in the lodgment of the back coat on the left side of the movement.

2. Before working on a plum of electrolyte, it is necessary to exclude spontaneous movement of the backguard, for this it will be stopped by screw jacks located on the platform on the right and to the left of the rack with the flywheel.

3. In order to flip acb and pour electrolyte or water, you need to pull the flywheel perpendicular to the vertical plane. The flywheel comes out of the engagement with the lock and can be rotated clockwise to any angle.

4. To stroke the rotation of the AKB at the corner of 90 and 180, it is enough to release the flywheel.

5. To return the battery to the original position, work under item "3", but rotating the flywheel counterclockwise.

Calculation of the design of the main nodes

Initial data:

P \u003d 10 kg - force acting on the spring.

D \u003d 12 mm - the diameter of the spring.

13 mm - springs stretching.

150 kg / cm 2 - Maximum tangent voltage.

1. I define the diameter of the wire - D

2. I define the number of springs turns - N, where:

G - second-order elastic module

G \u003d 0.4 * E \u003d 0.4 * 2 * 10 6 \u003d 8 * 10 5 kg / cm 2

E - Module of elasticity of the first order (Jung Module)

E \u003d 2 * 10 6 kg / cm 2

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:

1. Type - Mobile, with manual drive

2. Overall dimensions, mm - 980 * 600 * 1020

3. Mass, kg - 60

4. Rotation - manually

1) \u003d 8pd / PD 3; d \u003d 3 8pd / n \u003d

3 8 * 10 * 12 / 3.14 * 150 \u003d 2 mm.

2) \u003d 8pd 3 * n / g * d 4; n \u003d * gd 4 / 8p * d 3 \u003d

13 * 8 * 10 5 * 0.2 4/8 * 10 * 1,2 3 \u003d 10 turns.

List of used literature

1. Epifanov L.I. "Methodical coursework manual

That car. " Moscow 1987.

2. Kogan E.I. Haikin V.A. "Labor protection at automobile transport enterprises." Moscow "Transport" 1984.

3. Sukhanov B.N. Borzov I.O. Bed'lev Yu.F. "Maintenance and repair of cars." Moscow "Transport" 1985.

4. Kramarenko G.V. Barashkov I.V. "Maintenance of cars." Moscow "Transport" 1982.

5. Rumyantsev S.I. "Car repair". Moscow "Transport" 1988.

6. Rodin Yu.A. Saburov L.M. "Authority Reference Manual." Moscow "Transport" 1987.

Introduction

Inheritance from the former USSR of Russia, a relatively powerful infrastructure of vehicles with an extensive system for planning the organization of transportation and operating service with a fairly modern technological basis for the repair of PS AT was obtained. However, a significant increase in the efficiency of the transportation process, while simultaneously reducing the cost of transportation, it was not enough - the search for new optimal solutions is required, especially in the conditions of the transition of the entire economy to market relations. Privatization and incorporation of former ATPs with full or partial transmission to private ownership, including the PS, demanded to make significant changes in the organization of the transportation process and to the organization of the repair service. Subjected to significant changes, both in quantitative and qualitatively, the control structure itself. Thus, for example, the former Ministry of AT and the highways of the Russian Federation entered the Joint Department of Transport, whose work is aimed at combining efforts, previously broken modes of transport and the creation of a single transport system that meets the modern requirements of the market economy.

However, it should be noted that the previously accumulated and well-established basic provisions of operation, maintenance and repair of PS AT remained unchanged, not counting individual "cosmetic" innovations. As before, a powerful lever increase the efficiency of vehicles in general is the mechanization and automation of manufacturing processes of the repair service in ATP with the introduction of new technologies, garage equipment (including foreign firms). For the implementation of the tasks, the domestic industry, despite the complex economic situation, continues to expand the nomenclature of the produced garage equipment for almost all types of work and, first of all, to fulfill labor-intensive operations. A significant role in increasing the productivity of repair workers, and consequently, in reducing the cost of work, the streaming method is reduced, and in the zones of specialized posts (in addition to universal), the introduction of an aggregate method of repair, when instead of defective components and aggregates on a / m immediately They put pre-renovated from the revolving fund - this allows dramatically to reduce the simple vehicle in the repair. In auxiliary workshops, a significant effect gives the use of route technology, which reduces the irrational costs of working time.

1 Organization of the technological process in the battery workshopmotor transportation enterprise

2 Calculation of the production program

Source Data for Design

Initial data	Legend	Data taken to the calculation	Units

1. Mark car	__	ZIL 5301Pu	__
2. List number a / m		370	pC.
3. average daily car mileage		90	km.

4. Number of days of work in the year ATP		305	dN.

5. Number of battery work work days		305	dN.

6. Category of operation	__	III	__
7. Duration of release and return to the park	__	3	hour.

Notes:

1. The number of rechargeable workshop operations for planning purposes according to the technical school method is accepted equal to 305 days.

3 Adjustment of the frequency TO.AND Mileage to major repairs

Rights standards Correct based on the following factors:

2. The coefficient of K 2, which takes into account the modification of rolling stock, accept the table. №3 "Appendices" is equal to 2 \u003d 1.0;

3. The coefficient to 3, taking into account the natural climatic conditions, for our central zone on the table. №3 "Appendices" accept - K 3 \u003d 1.0.

Resulting coefficients for adjustment We accept the following:

1) For periodicity, then - to that \u003d K 1 * K 3 \u003d 0.8 * 1.0 \u003d 0.8

2) for the mileage to the cap. repair - to kr \u003d K 1 * to 2 * K 3 \u003d 0.8 * 1.0 * 1.0 \u003d 0.8

Periodicity standards are (for new models of cars, for the I operating category) take from Table. №1 "Applications", and standards of an interremmer mileage to the Kyrgyz Republic from Table. №2.

car model	H 1 -To-1 (in km)	H 2 -To-2 (in km)	H CR -KR (in km)
ZIL 5301Pu	3000	12000	300000

1. We produce a mileage adjustment to TO-1:

L 1 \u003d k to * h 1 \u003d 0.8 * 3000 \u003d 2400 km

2. Correct Mileage to TO-2:

L 2 \u003d k to * H 2 \u003d 0.8 * 12000 \u003d 9600 km

3. Correct Mileage to the Kyrgyz Republic (cycle):

L c \u003d to cr * n kr \u003d 0.8 * 300000 \u003d 240000 km

4 Definition of the manufacturing programBY ThatAND KrPER CYCLE

For the cycle we take mileage before the cr

	Payment	Account indicators

Number of kr	________
Number TO-2 per cycle: n c \u003d L c / L 2 - n krt	240000/9600 - 1

Number of TO-1 per cycle: n c \u003d L c / L 1 - (n c + N krts)	240000/2400 - (24+1)

Number of EO per cycle: n eotz \u003d L c / l ss	240000/90

NOTE:

Since all planning in ATP is conducted for a year, it is necessary for the production program for the cycle to translate to the annual program for the entire rolling stock of ATP; For this purpose, we predetermine the technical readiness coefficients (A TG), the use of car park (A and) and transition from the cycle by year (| d).

5 Definition of technical readiness coefficient

The coefficient of technical readiness is determined taking into account the operation of a / m per cycle (D EC) and the downtime of the car at the repair of the operation cycle (DC).

Name of indicators, formulas	Payment	Account indicators

Technical readiness coefficient: A TG \u003d D ETS / D EC + D RC,	2667/2667+68

where D RC is simple for the cycle at that and repair: D RC \u003d D K + L C / 1000 * D Or * Wed,	8 + 240000/1000 * 0,25	Dts \u003d 68 days.

D to - Simple in the Kyrgyz Republic on ARZ, in Table. №4 "Applications" accept - d K \u003d 16 days,	In view of the centralized delivery of a car with ARZ, for planners. idle rate reduce by 50%

D OR * Wed - a specific simple in T. and TP per 1000 km of mileage, according to the table. №4 "Appendices" accept - d and * cp \u003d 0.5 days,	In connection with the partial holding of TR and TR in intersdency, you can also reduce by 50%	D Or * cp \u003d 0.25 days.


D EC - the number of days of operation of the car for the cycle: d ez \u003d n eotz \u003d l c / l ss	240000/90	D etz \u003d 2667 days.

6 Definition of the Park Usage Coefficient

This coefficient is determined, taking into account the number of days of work of the Park in the year - D RSP (on the task) by the formula:

a \u003d a tg * d Rgp / 365 \u003d 0.97 * 305/365 \u003d 0.81

7 DefinitionQuantityANDTOR

As mentioned above, this coefficient is determined in order to transfer the cyclic production program for the annual:

n r \u003d a and * 365 / d etz \u003d 0.81 * 365/2667 \u003d 0.11.

Determination of the number ofANDTOR around the park for the year

Estimated formula	Calculations	Account indicators
N krg \u003d n krts * n g * and with	1 * 0,11 * 370
N 2g \u003d n 2to * n g * and with	24 * 0,11 * 370
N 1g \u003d n 1to * n g * and with	75 * 0,11 * 370
N jog \u003d n eotz * n g * and with	2667 * 0,11 * 370	N jog \u003d 108546

Note.

Calculation Indicators - N of KRG, N 2G, N 1G, N Jog - round up to integer numbers.

Determination of the quantity then in the park per day

Estimated formula	Calculations	Account indicators
N 2Sut \u003d N 2G / D RG zone TO-2	977/305
N 1Sut \u003d N 1G / D RG zone TO-1	3052/305
N EO SUT \u003d N EOG / D RG Zone EO	108546/305	N EO SUT \u003d 355

Note.

1. Calculation indicators - N 2Sut, N 1Cut, N EO Sut - round up to integer numbers.

2. Since ZONE-1 and TO-2 in most ATPs on Saturdays and Sundays and on holidays do not function, and the EO zones act as much as the entire park works, i.e. D RG zone EO \u003d D RGP Park (on task).

We accept:

D RG zone TO-2 \u003d 305 days.

D RG zone TO-1 \u003d 305 days.

D RG zone eo \u003d 305 days.

8 Determination of the annual laboriousness of work work

T Tr \u003d L GP * T Tr, where:

L GP is the total annual mileage of the entire rolling stock of ATP (in thousands of km);

t tr - the specific labor intensity of tr, is given for every 1000 km of the flea of \u200b\u200bcars and trailers of parks;

L GP - Determine by the formula:

L GP \u003d 365 * A and * L CC * a C \u003d 365 * 0.81 * 90 * 370 \u003d 9845145 km.