The series of leaders of the Esminists of the type "Project 1" consisted of 3 units - "Leningrad", "Moscow" and "Kharkov". Leningrad was built at the Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant No. 190 and was taken to the Baltic fleet in 1936. Moscow and Kharkov were built in the Nikolaev Plant No. 198 and in 1938 are included in the Black Sea Fleet. Esming "Moscow" and "Kharkov" died in 1941 and 1943. respectively. "Leningrad" was flooded in 1958 after execution as a target. TTH ship: Standard displacement - 2 thousand tons, full - 2.6 thousand tons; Length - 122 m, width - 11.7 m; sediment - 4.2 m; Speed \u200b\u200b- 40 nodes.; Energy installations - 2 steam-turbine installations and 3 steam boilers; Power - 66 thousand hp; Fuel supply - 613 tons of oil; navigation range - 2.1 thousand miles; Crew - 250 people. Armament: 5 × 1 - 130 mm guns; 2x1 - 76 mm of anti-aircraft guns; 6x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft guns; 4-6x1 - 12.7 mm machine guns; 2x4 - 533 mm torpedo apparatus; 2 onboard bombers; 76 min; 12 deep bombs.
The series of the leaders of the "Project 38" type of Esminists consisted of 3 units - Minsk, Baku and Tbilisi. The Minsk destroyer "Minsk" was built at the Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant No. 190 and accepted the Baltic Fleet in 1938. The Esminets "Baku" was laid at the Komsomolsk-on-Amur plant, as "Kiev". In 1938, he was renamed in Sergo Ordzhonikidze and was commissioned by the Pacific Fleet, and in 1940 he received the name "Baku". The destroyer "Tbilisi" (Tiflis) was built at the plant number 18 and was taken into account by the Pacific Fleet in 1940. Minsk Skill in 1958 as a target, Baku written off in 1963, and Tbilisi - in 1964 TTX ship: Standard displacement - 1.9 thousand tons, full - 2.5 - 2.7 thousand tons; Length - 122 m, width - 11.7 m; sediment - 4.1 m; Speed \u200b\u200b- 40 nodes.; Energy installations - 2 steam-turbine installations and 3 steam boilers; Power - 66 thousand hp; Fuel supply - 621 tons of oil; navigation range - 2.1 thousand miles; Crew - 250 - 310 people. Armament: 5 × 1 - 130 mm guns; 3x1 - 76 mm anti-aircraft guns; 4-8x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft machine; 4-6x1 - 12.7 mm machine guns; 2x4 - 533 mm torpedo apparatus; 2 onboard bombers; 76 min; 36 deep bombs.
The ship was built on the Italian shipyard "OTO" by order of the USSR and enlisted in the Black Sea Fleet in 1939. The destroyer died in 1942. TTH vehicle: Standard displacement -2.8 thousand t., Full - 4.2 thousand tons ; Length - 133 m, width - 13.7 m; sediment - 4.2 m; Speed \u200b\u200b- 42.7 knot.; Energy installations - 2 steam-turbine installations and 4 steam boilers; Power - 110 thousand hp; fuel supply - 1.1 thousand tons of oil; Navigation range - 5 thousand miles; Crew - 250 people. Armament: 3 × 2 - 130-mm guns; 1x2 - 76 mm anti-aircraft gun; 6x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft guns; 6x1 - 12.7 mm machine guns; 3x3 - 533 mm torpedo apparatus; 2 onboard bombers; 110 min.
The Meszyniec "Novik" was built on the Putilovsky Plant of St. Petersburg and was introduced to the Baltic fleet in 1913. In 1926, the ship was renamed to Yakov Sverdlov. In 1929, the destroyer was re-equipped. The ship died in 1941 by the TTH ship: the displacement of the standard -1.7 thousand tons, complete - 1.9 thousand tons; Length - 100.2 m, width - 9.5 m; sediment - 3.5 m; Speed \u200b\u200b- 32 nodes.; Energy installations - 3 steam-turbine installations and 6 steam boilers; Power - 36 thousand hp; Fuel supply - 410 tons of oil; navigation range - 1.8 thousand miles; Crew - 170 people. Armament: 4 × 1 - 102-mm guns; 1x1 - 76 mm anti-aircraft gun; 1x1 - 45 mm anti-aircraft machine; 4x1 - 12.7 mm machine gun; 3x3 - 450 mm torpedo apparatus; 2 bombings; 58 min; 8 deep bombs.
From the first series of Esminets like Novik in the war, 6 units ("Frunze" (fast), "Volodarsky" (winner), "Uritsky" (Zabyaka), Engels (Desna), Artem (Azard) took part in the war "Stalin" (Samson). Esminet Frunze was built at the Kherson factory A. Vaddon and was taken to the Black Sea Fleet in 1915. The rest of the ships were built at the St. Petersburg metallic factory and were introduced into the Baltic Fleet in 1915-1916. The first The modernization of the ships was held in 1923-1927., WORD IN 1938-1941. Esming "Frunze", "Volodarsky", "Engels" and "Artem" died in 1941. Uritsky was written off in 1951, and "Stalin »Flooded when testing nuclear weapons in 1956 TTH ship: Standard displacement - 1.2 thousand tons, complete - 1.7 thousand tons; length - 98 m, width - 9.8 m; precipitate - 3 - 3.4 m; Speed \u200b\u200b- 31 - 35 nodes.; Energy installations - 2 Steam-turbine installations and 4 - 5 steam boilers; power - 23 - 30 thousand hp; fuel reserve - 350 - 390 tons of oil; swimming range - 1.6 - 1.8 thousand m il; Crew - 150 - 180 people. Armament: 4 × 1 - 102-mm guns; 1-2x1 - 76 mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x1 - 45-mm or 2x1 - 37-mm or 2x1 20 mm of anti-aircraft machine; 2-4x1 - 12.7 mm machine gun; 3x3 - 457 mm torpedo apparatus; 2 bombings; 10 - 12 deep bombs; 80 min.
6 units "Lenin" (Captain Ilmetyev), "Zakov" (Lieutenant Ilyin), Karl Liebknecht (Captain Belli), Valerian Kuibyshev (Captain Kern), "Carl" took part in the war Marx "(Izyaslav)," Kalinin "(Rightslav). All ships served on the Baltic Fleet. The destroyer "Karl Marx" was built at the Becker and K plant and was commissioned in 1917. The rest of the ships were built on the Putilovsky factory. Lenin and "Zakov" in operation since 1916, and Valerian Kuibyshev, Kalinin and Karl Liebknecht since 1927-1928. The destroyers "Lenin", "Kalinin" and "Karl Marx" died in 1941, the rest were written off in 1955-1956. TTH ship: Standard displacement - 1.4 thousand tons, complete - 1.6 thousand tons; Length - 98 - 107 m, width - 9.3 - 9.5 m; sediment - 3.2 - 4.1 m; Speed \u200b\u200b- 31 - 35 knots.; Energy installations - 2 steam-turbine installations and 4 steam boilers; Power - 30.5 - 32.7 thousand hp; Fuel supply - 350 - 390 tons of oil; navigation range - 1.7 - 1.8 thousand miles; Crew - 150 - 180 people. Armament: 4 × 1 - 102-mm guns; 1x1 - 76,2-mm anti-aircraft gun or 4x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft machine or 2x1 - 45 mm and 2x1 mm anti-aircraft machine; 2-4x1 - 12.7 mm machine gun; 3x3 - 457 mm torpedo apparatus; 2 bombings; 46 depth bombs; 80 - 100 min.
From the third series of Esminists like Novik in the war, 4 units were attended by: "Dzerzhinsky" (Kaliakriya), "Unfortunate" (Zante), "Zhelenyakov" (Corfu), "Shaumyan" (Levkas). Ships were built for the Black Sea Fleet on the Nikolaev plants "Rubed" and "Naval". The destroyer "Dzerzhinsky" entered in 1917, "Overhabit" in 1923, and "Zheleznyakov" and "Shaumyan" in 1925, the Dzerzhinsky and Schaumyan destroyers were killed in 1942, the "omitic" In 1949, and Zheleznyakov - in 1953, TTH ship: Standard displacement - 1.5 thousand tons, complete - 1.8 thousand tons; Length - 93 m, width - 9 m; sediment - 3.2 m; Speed \u200b\u200b- 27.5 - 33 knots.; Energy installations - 2 steam-turbine installations and 5 steam boilers; Power - 22.5 - 29 thousand hp; Fuel supply - 410 tons of oil; navigation range - 1.5 - 2 thousand miles; Crew - 140 - 170 people. Armament: 4 × 1 - 102-mm guns; 2x1 - 76,2 mm of anti-aircraft guns or 2x1 - 45 mm and 5x1 - 37 mm of anti-aircraft guns; 4x1 - 12.7 mm machine gun; 4x3 - 457 mm torpedo apparatus; 2 bombings; 8 deep bombs; 60 - 80 min.
A series of "angry" type (project 7) consisted of 28 units and was distributed over the fleets as follows: the Northern Fleet - 5 units ("Grozny", "loud", "Rady", "rapid", "crushing"), Baltic - 5 units ("angry", "threatening", "proud", "energizing", "sweaty"), Chernomorsky - 6 units ("cheerful", "fast", "foolish", "merciless", "flawless", "Vigilant"), the Pacific - 12 units ("frisky", "distorted", "separating", "zeal", "sharp", "rigging", "decisive", "zealous", "enraged", "record", "Rare", "reasonable"). The destroyers were built at shipbuilding factories No. 35, No. 189, No. 190, No. 198, No. 199, No. 200 and No. 202 and were carried out in 1938-1942. In 1941-1943 Nine ships died. The Esminans "sharp", "record", "Rule" and "decisive" transferred to China in 1955. The rest of the ships were written off in 1953-1965. TTH ship: Standard displacement - 1.7 thousand tons, full - 2 thousand tons; Length - 112.5 m, width - 10.2 m; sediment - 4 m; Speed \u200b\u200b- 38 knots; Energy installations - 2 steam-turbine installations and 3 steam boilers; Power - 54 thousand hp; fuel supply - 535 tons of oil; navigation range - 2.7 thousand miles; Crew - 200 people. Armament: 4 × 1 - 130-mm guns; 2x1 - 76,2 mm of anti-aircraft guns or 2x1 - 45 mm of anti-aircraft machine; or 4x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft machine; 2x1 - 12.7 mm machine gun; 2x3 - 533 mm torpedo apparatus; 2 bombing; 10 depth bombs; 56 - 95 min.
Series of the "Watchtown" type (project 7U) consisted of 18 units and was distributed over the fleets as follows: Baltic - 13 units ("Watchthod", "Resistant", "scary", "strong", "brave", "strict" , "Fast", "fierce", "Static", "Slender", "Nice", "Stern", "Angry", Black Sea - 5 units ("perfect", "free", "capable", "intelligent", "Sophisticated"). The destroyers were built at shipbuilding plants No. 189, No. 190, No. 198, No. 200 and put into operation in 1940-1942. In 1941-1943. Nine ships died. The rest of the destroyers were written off in 1958-1966 GG TTH ship: Standard displacement - 2.3 thousand tons, complete - 2.5 thousand tons; length - 112.5 m, width - 10.2 m; precipitate - 4 m; speed - 38 knots. ; Energy installations - 2 PARROWURBINE installations and 4 steam boilers; power - 54 - 60 thousand hp; fuel reserve - 470 t. Oil; navigation range - 1.8 thousand miles; crew - 270 people. Arms: 4 × 1 - 130-mm guns; 2-3x1 - 76,2 mm of anti-aircraft guns, 3x1 - 45-mm s aite automaton or 4-7x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft machines; 4x1 - 12.7 mm machine gun; 2x3 - 533 mm torpedo apparatus; 2 bombing; 10 depth bombs; 56 - 95 min.
The destroyer was built in the Nikolaev Plant No. 200 and accepted by the Black Sea Fleet in 1945. The ship was written off in 1958. TTX ship: a standard displacement - 2 thousand tons, full - 2.8 thousand tons; Length - 111 m, width - 11 m; sediment - 4.3 m; Speed \u200b\u200b- 37 knot.; Energy installations - 2 steam-turbine installations and 4 steam boilers; Power - 54 thousand hp; fuel supply - 1.1 thousand tons of oil; navigation range - 3 thousand miles; Crew - 276 people. Armament: 2 × 2 - 130-mm guns; 1x2 -76-mm anti-aircraft gun: 6x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft machines; 4x1 - 12.7 mm machine gun; 2x4 - 533 mm torpedo apparatus; 2 bombings; 22 deep bombs; 60 min.
The destroyer was built at the Leningrad Plant No. 190 and was taken into account the Baltic fleet in 1941. Since 1944, the ship was conserved, he was written off in 1953 by the TTX ship: a standard displacement - 1.6 thousand tons, full - 2 thousand. t.; Length - 113.5 m, width - 10.2 m; sediment - 4 m; Speed \u200b\u200b- 42 nodes; Energy installations - 2 steam-turbine installations and 4 steam boilers; Power - 70 thousand hp; Fuel supply - 372 tons of oil; Navigation range - 1.4 thousand miles; Crew - 260 people. Armament: 3 × 1 - 130-mm guns; 4x1 - 45 mm anti-aircraft machine; 1x2 and 2x1 - 12.7 mm machine gun; 2x4 - 533 mm torpedo apparatus; 2 bombings; 10 depth bombs; 60 min.
Two years later, another more powerful destroyers were built for the British fleet, for France - twelve, for Austria-Hungary and Denmark - one by one.
Successful actions of Russian mine boats during the Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878. And the development of torpedo weapons led to the creation of the concept of the Dashshnaya Fleet, according to which large expensive armadiors do not need for defense of coastal waters, this task can solve many small high-speed dustwater boats with low displacement. In the eighties of the XIX century, a real "dusty" boom began. Only leading marine powers are the United Kingdom, Russia and France - had 325 Municipal Floods in their fleets. Required by such vessels and fleets of the United States, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy and other European countries.
The same maritime powers at about the same time began to create ships to destroy the destroyers and mine boats. These "Fighters of the Ministry of Economy" were supposed to be the same high-speed, in addition to the torpedo, to have artillery as part of weapons and have the same stroke reserve as other major ships of the main fleet.
Displacement of "fighters" was already much greater than the destroyer.
The prototypes of the destroyers are considered to be the British torpedo taran "Polyfemus" of 1892, which was the disadvantage of which was weak artillery weapons, Cresser "Archer" and "Scout", Kannelian boats of Tyad ("Halkey") and "Chartster", "Jason" (" Alarm "), Large Mission" Swift "Buildings of 1894 with interchangeable weapons, sufficient to destroy the opponent's destroyers.
The British were built for the Japanese to the Japanese for the first-class "Kotak" of large water displacement with a powerful power plant and good weapons, but with unsatisfactory seaworthiness, and after him, the ship to combat the Destructors' Distroport police officers on the order of Spain, where it was classified as a torpedo
First destroyers
In the ever confrontation of the British and French military fleet, the British were the first to build six ships for themselves, which differed somewhat outwardly, but had similar challenges and removable weapons to alternately solve the tasks of the torpedoes or destroyers of the Ministry of Events. Their displacement was about 270 tons, the speed was 26 knots. They armed with these ships in one 76-mm, three 57 mm tools and three torpedo devices. Tests showed that even the simultaneous installation of all weapons on maneuverability and speed does not affect. The nasal part of the vessel was covered with a carass ("Turtle shell"), which defended the combat cutting and the main caliber platform installed above it. Wave fencing on the sides of the cutting was protected by the rest of the guns.
The first French destroyer was built last year XIX, and American - at the very beginning of the next century. In the US, in four years 16 destroyers were built.
In Russia, at the turn of the centuries did not have had names, the so-called license plates. With a displacement of 90-150 tons, they developed a speed of up to 25 knots, armed with one fixed, two moving torpedo devices and a light cannon.
An independent class of the Squaded Museumos of Steel after the war 1904-1905. With Japan.
Esming of the beginning of the XX century
At the turn of the centuries, steam turbines come to the structure of the power plant. This change allows you to dramatically increase the speed of ships. The first destroyer with a new power plant on testing was able to develop the speed of 36 knots.
Then England began to build the squadrous destroyers working on oil, and not on the corner. Following it, fleets of other countries began to move on liquid fuel. In Russia, it was the project "Novik", built in 1910.
The Russian-Japanese war with the defense port of Port Arthur and the Tsushimsky battle, in which nine Russian and twenty-one Japanese destroyers came together, showed the shortcomings of this type of ships and the weakness of their weapons.
By 1914, the displacement of the destroyers increased to 1000 tons. Their corps were made of fine steel, fixed and single-tube moving torpedo devices were changed to multi-tube on a rotating platform, with optical sights fixed on it. The torpedoes became large, their speed and range increased significantly.
The conditions for recreation of sailors and officers of the crew of the destroyers have changed. The officers received individual cabins for the first time at the British destroyer "River" in 1902.
During the period of war, the destroyed destroyers with water displacement to one and a half thousand tons, a speed of 37 knots, steam boilers with oil nozzles, four three-pipe torpedoes and five instruments of 88 or 102 mm caliber 88 or 102 mm actively participated in patrols, raid operations, formulation of mine barrage, transported troops. In the largest maritime battle of this war - the British and 60 German destroyers participated in Etland.
In this war, the destroyers began to fulfill another task - to protect the fleet from submarine attacks, attacking their artillery fire or a ram. This led to a strengthening of destroyers, equipped with hydrophones to detect submarines and deep bombs. The first time the submarine was surrounded by the Meshlevlin destroyer in December 1916.
The United Kingdom has created a new subclass during the war - the leader of the destroyers, with great characteristics and weapons than the usual destroyer destroyer. He was intended to bring his destroyers into the attack, fighting enemy, management of destroyers and intelligence systems during the squadron.
Esminets in the period between wars
The experience of the First World War showed that the main weapons of the Esminians are insufficient for hostilities. To increase the number of salts, six pipes began to install in structured devices.
The new stage in the construction of this can be considered Japanese destroyers like "Fubuki". Their armament included six powerful five-lifted guns with a large elevation angle, which could be used as anti-aircraft, and three three-pipe torpedo apparatus with oxygen torpedoes of type 93 "Long Lance". In the following Japanese destroyers, spare torpedoes to accelerate the recharge of devices began to be placed in a deck superstructure.
US Districted Financial Museums of Projects "Porter", "Mesen" and "Gridli" were equipped with paired five-mounted guns, and then increased the number of torpedo pipes up to 12 and 16, respectively.
French destroyers like "Jaguar" have already had a displacement of 2 thousand tons and 130-mm guns.
The leader of the destroyers "Le Sculpt" 1935 had a record speed of 45 knots for that time and was armed with five 138-mm guns and nine torpedo tubes. Italian destroyers were almost the same quick.
In accordance with the Hitler's re-equipment program, large destroyers and Germany built, type 1934 vehicles had a displacement of 3 thousand tons, but weak weapons. The 1936 destroyers were already armed with heavy 150 mm guns.
Germans in the destroyers used a steam turbine unit with a steam of high pressure. The innovative solution, but it led to serious problems in the mechanics.
As opposed to the Japanese and German programs for the construction of large destroyers, the British and Americans began to create lungs, but more numerous ships. The English destroyers of the types A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H with displacement of 1.4 thousand tons had eight torpedo pipes and four tools of 120 mm caliber. True, the "Tribal" type of displacement of more than 1.8 thousand tons with four gun towers were built at the same time, which installed eight-paired 8.7-inch caliber guns.
Then, the Esminets of J with ten torpedo pipes were lowered on the water and in three testers with six paired guns, and L, on which six paired new universal guns and eight torpedo pipes were installed.
The US Districted Museum of the United States type "Banson", displacement of 1.6 thousand tons, were armed with ten torpedo pipes and five 127-mm (5 inches) tools.
The Soviet Union before the Great Patriotic War was built by the destroyers of the project 7 and the finalized 7U, in which the echelonized position of the power plant made it possible to improve the survivability of ships. They developed the speed of 38 knots during a displacement of about 1.9 thousand tons.
According to the project 1/38, six leaders of the destroyers were built (the head - "Leningrad") with displacement of almost 3 thousand tons, with a speed of 43 nodes and a stroke of 2.1 thousand miles.
In Italy for the Black Sea Fleet, the leader of the destroyers "Tashkent" was built with a displacement of 4.2 thousand tons, with a maximum speed of 44 nodes and a native range more than 5 thousand miles with 25 speed nodes.
World War II experience
In World War II, aviation, including in combat actions at the sea, was actively involved. On the destroyers began to accelerately install anti-aircraft guns and radars. In the fight against already more advanced submarines began to use bombing.
Squaded Museums were " consumable material»Flots of all warring countries. They were the most massive ships, participated in all battles at all theaters of hostilities at sea. The German destroyers of that period had only on-board numbers.
By the middle of the 20th century, some destroyers of the time of war, so as not to build expensive new ships, were modernized specifically to combat submarines.
A number of large in size, armed with automatic instruments of the main caliber, bombing, radar, ships sonar, Soviet destroyers of the project 30-BIS and 56, English - Daring and American "Forrest Sherman" were also built.
Rocket Era Squaded Mission
From the sixties of the last century, with the advent of Land-Earth and Earth-Air missiles, major sea powers began to build destroyers with manageable rocket weapons (Russian abbreviation - Uro, English - DDG). These were Soviet project ships 61, English - like "County", American-type "Charles F. Adams".
By the end of the XX century, the boundaries between the actual destroyers, heavy frigates and cruisers are blurred.
In the Soviet Union, since 1981, the Essinians of the project 956 began to build (the type "Sarych" or "modern"). These are the only Soviet ships, which were originally classified as the Squaded Mission. They were intended to combat the surface forces and support of the landing, and then for anti-submarine and air defense.
At 956, the project was also built and the squadrous destroyer "persistent", the current flagship of the Baltic Fleet. It was lowered in January 1991.
Its complete displacement is 8 thousand tons, the length is 156.5 m, the maximum speed is 33.4 nodes, the native range is 1.35 thousand miles at a speed of 33 nodes and 3.9 thousand miles with 19 nodes. Two catsubine aggregates give a power of 100 thousand liters. from.
Esminets are armed with starting plants of anti-workers' mosquito-rocket missiles (two quadruple), anti-aircraft missile complex "County" (2 installations), six-solid bombing of RBU-1000 (2 installations), two twisted art installations of 130 mm caliber, six-characteristic AK-630 (4 Installations), two dual torpedo apparatus caliber 533 mm. On board the ship is the Ka-27 helicopter.
Of those already built the latest recently, the destroyers of the Indian fleet were. Delhi vehicles are in service with anti-worker rockets with a lesion range of 130 km, SPK "CHTIL" (Russia) and Barak (Israel) for air defense, Russian anti-submarine reactive bombing plants of RBU-6000 for anti-submarine defense and five torpedo guides for Torpeda Calibrom 533 mm. The helicopter platform is designed for two helicopters of Sea King. It is assumed soon to replace these ships by the Esminans of the Kolkata project.
Today, the destroyer DDG-1000 Zumwalt DDG-1000 Zumwalt Navy intercepted the palm of the championship.
Destroyers in the XXI century
In all major fleets there were general trends in the construction of new destroyed destroyers. The basic is considered to apply the combat management systems of similar American "IJIS" (aegis), which is designed to destroy not only aircraft, but also the rockets of the classes "ship-ship" and "air-ship".
When creating new ships, STEALTH technology should be used: the radio absorbing materials and coatings are used, special geometric shapes are developed, which, for example, a squadron dock type USS Zumwalt is distinguished.
In the new destroyers should increase the speed, due to which inhabitability and seaworthiness will increase.
In modern ships a high level of automation, but it should increase, and, it means that the share of auxiliary energy installations should grow.
It is clear that all these processes lead to the increase in the construction of ships, so the qualitative increase in their capabilities should occur due to the reduction in the number.
The new century destroyers must surpass in size and displacement all the ships of this species before this day. The new DDG-1000 Zumwalt destroyer DDG-1000 is considered to be 14 thousand tons of dispensing, it is 14 thousand tons. This type of ships were planned to introduce the US Navy in 2016, the first of them had already entered the running tests.
By the way, the domestic squadrock destroyers of the project 23560, which, as promised, will begin to build by 2020, will already be dismissed 18 thousand tons.
Russian project of the new destroyer
According to the draft 23560, which, according to the media, is in the stage of sketching design, it is planned to build 12 ships. The destroyer Mission "Leader" length 200 and a width of 23 m should have an unlimited navigation range, in autonomous swimming is 90 days, develop the maximum speed of 32 node. It is assumed to be a classic layout of the ship using Stealth technologies.
The promising destroyer of the project "Leader" (the surface ship of the ocean zone) will most likely be built with a nuclear power plant and should carry 60 or 70 winged latent base missiles. It is assumed to be hiding in mines and anti-aircraft managed rockets, which should be only 128, including the Polyment-Red Sprink. Anti-submarine weapons must consist of 16-24 controlled missiles (PLUD). The destroyers will receive a universal arctor of a 130 mm A-192 "Armat" caliber and a seating pad for two multipurpose helicopters.
All data is still alleged in nature and can continue to be refined.
Representatives of the Navy believes that the "leader" destroyers will be universal ships, performing the functions of the Esminists actually, antique ships and, perhaps, orlan rocket cruisers.
Squaded Mission "Mevolution"
ZUMWALT type destroyers are a key element of the US Navy Program for the Navy Combatant SC-21 (SURFACE COMBATANT SC-21).
The Russian destroyer type "leader" is a question, maybe not unhappy, but the future.
But the first DDG-1000 Zumwalt's first DDG-1000 Zumwalt is already laid out, and in early December 2015 its factory tests began. A peculiar appearance of this destroyer is called futuristic, its body and superstructure are covered with radio-absorbing materials with a thickness of almost three centimeters (1 inch), the number of protruding antennas is reduced to a minimum.
A series of destroyer docks like Zumwalt is limited only by 3 ships, two of which are still at different stages of construction.
Esminets of type "Mevolution" with a length of 183 m, water-displacement up to 15 thousand tons and the combined power of the main energy installation of 106 thousand liters. from. Could develop speed up to 30 knots. They have a powerful radar potential and are able to detect not only low-fat rockets at high distances, but also boats of terrorists.
The weapons of the destroyers consists of 20 vertical launchers MK 57 VLS, designed for 80 Tomahawk missiles, ASROC or ESSM, two rapid anti-aircraft guns MK 110 Caliber 57 mm closed type, two 155 mm AGS guns with a firing range of 370 km, two tubular 324 mm torpedo devices.
The ships can be based on 2 helicopters SH-60 SEA Hawk or 3 unmanned aircraft MQ-8 Fire Scout.
"Mevolution" - the type of destroyed destroyers, the main task of which is to destroy the coastal objects of the enemy. Also, this type of such type can effectively deal with the surface, underwater and air targets of the enemy and maintain their strength to artillery fire.
"Mevolution" is an embodiment newest technologiesThis is the latest on today's descent destroyed destroyer. The projects of India and Russia have not yet been implemented, and this type of ships seems to have not left himself.
A squadrock destroyer is a special class of combat maneuverable ships. Appeared on the eve of the First World War in 1914-1915. The main purpose: the elimination of enemy submarines and aircraft. Equipment of destroyers made it possible to perform a security function and keep defense with an active attack of the enemy.
The first destroyers of the USSR:
- project 35;
Project 35 received universal weapons with the Master Caliber Artillery 130 mm. The main energy installation was unified with the project 47. Upgraded combat machines G-2-y bosais was obtained with 100 shells, anti-aircraft installations of type AU 66-K and anti-submarine armament - 2 bombings. Additionally, the ships received 3 mino-torpedo plants that 1-H with a caliber of 533 mm. The speed of movement of the combat vehicle was 40 knots.
missionary type "Novik"
The 956 project was famous for the Sarych warship. It was characterized by an improved weapon, presented:
- RLS type "frigate";
- Gus "Platini-C";
- aK-130 type artillery with ammunition for 2000 shots;
- SPC type "AK-630";
- mosquito missiles;
- SPK "Hurricane";
- anti-submarine armament of RBU-1000;
- minno-torpedo armament of the type SET-65.
The leader of the project 956 moved at 35 knots.
The 30 bis project was famous for the combat machine "brave". The maximum speed of the ship movement was 35 knots. In service with the combat vehicle were:
- radar installations "Güs-1" and "Zarya";
- artillery AU B-2LM;
- SPK "92-K" and 70-K ";
- Gus "Timir-5M";
- mino-torpedo armament KB "Crab".
The presented military vehicles were considered the best destroyers in the history of the Navy of Russia.
The role of the destroyer destroyers in the Navy of Russia
The newest Russian new generation destroyers are designed since the beginning of 2014. The navy actively replenishes the "set" of combat machines, which is associated with the events of recent years. During the specified period, five updated ships were launched on the water (Moscow, Dagestan, persistent, Yuri Dolgoruky, Severodvinsk).
Types of weapons
Artillery and rocket weapons of modern destroyers of Russia is at a decent level. Modernized ships have the following characteristics:
- shock tool type PKRK "Calibr";
- installations of anti-aircraft rocket type "Hurricane" and "Tornado";
- 16m317m anti-aircraft
- zhenito-missile installations "Kashtan" (a combat reserve leaves 64 miners, a caliber of the face 30 mm);
- portable anti-aircraft missile complex "Needle";
- artillery type A-190E;
- systems for detecting submarines of DTU type with a caliber of 533 mm.
The weapons of destroyers are represented by modern anti-aircraft missile complexes and installations, artillery and submarine detection systems.
Specifications of new ships
Modern destroyers of Russia will be equipped with the following technical specifications:
- full displacement - 4035 tons;
- case size 125x15 meters;
- movement speed - 30 knots;
- swimming range - 4860 miles;
- working offline - no more than 30 days;
- vehicle capacity - 220 people;
- maximum power - 28 000 hp
Pleasant changes will affect and weapons. Above the "Leader" will be installed percussion installations of the type "Calibr", 3M54E PCRK, the Needle, the anti-submarine system of DTA-53, artillery A-190zh and the SPC "Hurricane Tornado".
History
The first Russian police officers were designed in 1900. As they increase their significance, the number of combat vehicles increased and by 1915 amounted to 105 ships.
Characteristic of the first destroyers
The first Russian destroyers differed in a large size (117-126 m). The movement speed of ships was 25 knots. On board, it was hardly placed a pair of light guns of the type AU, in rare cases there was an opportunity to establish rotary torpedo devices (PTA-53-56). In the nasal and theft part there were a torpedo set of 533 mm caliber.
Until 1898, ships displacement did not exceed 90-150 tons, the movement speed was equal to 20-25 knots. All destroyers called "license", they did not have a special class and their own items. The first destroyers had only one SET-65 torpedo apparatus mounted on the upper deck.
In the independent class of destroyers determined after 1905, at the end of the Russian-Japanese war.
The first Ministry of Justice of the USSR:
- Project "KIT" (fearless, vigilant, merciless and silent). Built in 1898 in the amount of 4 units. Energy installation of ships is represented by vertical machines of triple expansion, a design capacity of 3000 hp Equipped with artillery 47 mm caliber "Gelki". Mine weapons are represented by three minecraft caliber 381 mm. Esming project "KIT" were written off in 1925;
- Project "Trout" (domineering and thunderstorm). The destroyers were made specifically for the Russian Empire, but in France. Equipped with 75 mm and 47 mm caliber guns. Additionally had two rotary settings 380 mm caliber;
- The project includes 28 warships, which are considered a real classic among the Squaded Mission. Equipped with 75 mm cannons of type "Cane" with a barrel length of 50 bbbs and 47 mm cannons of "Gelkus". The supply of ammunition was carried out in mechanical mode;
- The project "Buyny". Includes 10 units of combat vehicles. The weapon is represented by two 130 mM artillery settings of the B-2-LM, 92-K tower plants and anti-aircraft installations 70-K.
Russian destroyers in the First World War
A significant contribution during the First World War for the USSR made special purpose ships under the name "Novik". For their active design began in 1917. But during the First World War it became clear that the speed of operations of new combat vehicles should be increased.
The Esminans of the type "" were the main ships of the USSR Navy, they were attributed to the Ministry of Education of the Russian Imperial Fleet. Arms of ships are represented by five guns with a caliber of 102 mm, anti-aircraft artillery (anti-aircraft guns of the leder system 76.2 caliber) and torpedo plants (450 mm caliber, self-deviating torpedoes Whitehead). It is noteworthy that the new "Novik" type destroyers worked from oil with a fuel reserve in 351 tons.
They reflected the attack of the enemy and kept defense. In 1915, the Ship "Novik" inflicted the crushing blow to the German destroyer V-99. What is the most interesting, this ship has been loaded by devices that were subsequently had to install on the destroyers. This action significantly pulled the process of modernizing the Novik type ships.
Esmian Tashkent Type Leader
Influence on the course of battles
The destroyer "Novik" maneuverably destroyed enemy ships and caused the defeat of combat vehicles. Additionally, the ship was engaged in intelligence activities. Novika managed to eliminate the German cornights "Karl Friedrich" and the cruiser "Bremen".
In 1915, Novika had to meet in battle with German fighting machines. Fow-99 and Fau-100 type ships were driven by a minefield and defeated. The Novik has proven combat skills, but without the coordinated work of the crew and powerful weapons, the achievement of a brilliant result was not possible.
The destroyers of the project "Novik" managed to go through the first world war. In 1917, the ship was sent for forced repairs in the Finnish capital. That year the Great October Revolution began, which became a real catastrophe for the Navy.
By the order of Lenin, the destroyer "Novik" participated in the destruction and flooding of the main ships of the Navy. After completing his direct mission, he was sent to the port. There he stood until 1926, after him was modernized and renamed "Yakov Sverdlov."
Now the new year could be called a promising destination of Russia. He made a significant contribution during World War II.
Russian Esminians of World War II
The real hero of the Second World War was the destroyer under the name "Radiant". He was engaged in the conventionation of allied transport ships. The combat vehicle was able to suppress several attacks by enemy Germany. Radiant always reacted in time and successfully eliminated not only hopping, but also underwater purposes.
The rattling referred to the project 7, better known as the Stalin Mission. For the construction of ships, Stalin was observed.
Model of the destroyer "Novik" type fast project number 7
The destroyers of the project 7 were hit by their speed, but at the same time, the parts of the ship were devoid of armor. Displacement of combat vehicles was 1,800 tons. On the deck, the guns were installed by caliber 45 (21 K) and 76 mm (semi-automatic type 34 K), torpedo vehicles (type 39-y, caliber 533 mm), depth bombs (type B-1 and M-1) and marine mines ( 330 mm, NK). Project ships 7 differed from their relatives. They surpassed all the available escils in power (23,320 hp) they were not equal around the world.
Radiant actively reflected the attack of German bombers without having anti-aircraft plants. During the active battle, ordinary guns 100 mm caliber (AU A-190) were used. The coherent acts of the crew of the ship allowed the destroyer to sink not one ship of the enemy.
Tactical application
At the beginning of World War II, all leaders were considered as an intermediate class. They had a high-speed artillery weapon of 100 mm caliber (AU A-190). All ships performed special combat tasks:
- suppression of an attack from the enemy;
- protection of their ships;
- tactical intelligence.
Influence on the course of battles
The destroyed destroyers made an important contribution during World War II. They defended the marine space from enemy vessels and conducted active intelligence activities. Most ships acted as a live shield. They distracted enemies from the present objectives, which helped the Navy of Russia to apply crushing strikes on enemy combat machines.
Prospects for the Development of the Squaded Mission
In the future, the Navy of Russia is worth the creation of a new destroyer called "Leader". The Northern PKB is responsible for the project, he oversees the development and construction of a combat vehicle since 2012. In fact, the creation of a modern destroyer was thought even in early 1980. At that time, the project was constantly changing and filed by the Ministry of Defense of Russia under different numbers. All work was supported by the scientific activities of the TsNII. Krylova.
Work on the sketch project "" continued in 2018. In February of this year, active design work began. It was planned to create a new promising ship with an atomic installation. The exact characteristics of the future destroyer are not disclosed. But according to preliminary information, it is known that it will be equipped with:
- starting installations like "Calibr" with the newest PCR "Onyx". The shooting range is 300 km;
- S-500 SprK complex in the number of two installations;
- Air Defense Air Defense;
- Paznir-MiRPC;
- artillery settings of the universal type A-192 with a caliber of 130 mm;
- sM-588 torpedo devices type "Package-NK".
The warship will create a landing platform for Ka-32 or Ka-27 helicopters. The "run-in" of weapons and comparison of a new promising project with an existing project under number 22350 is not excluded. But, this kind of change can affect the duration of the design of the ship and the date of the descent of it on the water.
Soviet "Esminats Ghosts"
In all domestic encyclopedias and reference books, it is written that capitalist countries began to divide the Antarctica long before the Second World War. How successfully they succeeded to them, one can judge by the fact that the Soviet government, the concerned about the activity of British and Norwegians, was announced in January 1939 the official protest of the Great Britain and Norway governments. It was stated that the British and Norwegian expeditions "were engaged in an unreasonable section on land sectors, once open by Russian researchers and navigators ..." When the British and Norwegians were bogged down in battles of the Second World War, that is, they were no longer before Antarctica, such notes were just in case Directed to neutral to the pores before time, but no less aggressive, according to the Soviet leadership, the United States of America and Japan. At the time of the war, the disputes about Antarctica ceased. But only for a while.
After a year and a half after the end of the fighting on the Pacific Ocean in the hands of Soviet intelligence, the most detailed data of the aerial photography of the assault of the Queen of the Queen, to the bay of Lutsz-Holm inclusive. The source and method of its extraction still remains unclear. But it's not clear why in the USSR so easily succumbed to the friendly gesture of Americans with the transfer of the Eastern Sector of Antarctic? In any case, the received documents immediately got the former interstate disputes. True, the hype around the Antarctic rapidly dropped after the USSR discontent supported Argentina and France. Americans reluctantly, but still agreed to the participation of representatives of the USSR in the International Conference on Antarctica, which was scheduled to spend in Washington. But they stressed that her final agreement should certainly include and such an important point as the demilitarization of Antarctica and prohibit on its territory of any military activity up to storage on the Antarctic weapons bases. The Soviet side readily accepted this proposal. Strange peacefulness.
In 1957, an international geophysical year was held, which ended with the signing of the famous "Antarctic Treaty". Since then, on the sixth continent, it was possible to only study minerals, but to export them, and even more so to build military bases in the Antarctic deserts. It seemed that the decision was won by all - Antarctica became a peaceful continent. Is it so? Who won here? Just the story!
Meanwhile, inheritance from the 1950s of modern Russia, several very unpleasant Antarctic secrets, or white spots. And below are the versions of two controversial issues as they see today.
Let's start with some squadrocardous destroyers from the Antarctic Fleet of the USSR Navy, which are not-no and there are discussions in the world web body.
To exclude the displeasure of possible opponents, immediately report that I, like them, carefully treat the possible existence of one of the associations of the Soviet Navy, which was allegedly called the "Antarctic Navy Navy". Most likely, if he existed in the plans of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, who, as is well known today, he planned to have a large ocean fleet to the Great Patriotic War, then these plans could only be on paper. But on the Internet, the opinions on officially not existing in our Navy Fleet union today flashed quite often. Therefore, as a fleet officer with a 32-year-old calendar term in the Navy in its estimates, I will try to distance yourself from such authors. And each reader of this book will appreciate the facts and arguments in its own way. And everyone will make your choice!
Whatever enough, but until recently, few people paid attention to that in the Soviet press it was very rare about the development of Antarctica by our compatriots in the 1940-1950s. Documents of the pore, open for the ordinary, also not particularly discharged. At best, the information was limited to general phrases: "Antarctica - a country of penguins and eternal iceIt certainly needs to be mastered and studying to understand many geophysical processes occurring in other ends of the globe. " It more resembled slogans from famous meetings.
However, in 1990, as if mushrooms after summer rain, not only in the tabloids, but also in the respected Soviet and Russian publications, such as the magazine "Shipbuilding", there was information about certain "ghost destroyers" of the 45-bis project, served by the USSR in Antarctic Waters and allegedly participating in an undeclared war for Antarctica. At the same time, official historians argued that the first Soviet Antarctic stations were founded only in the early 1950s, and the polar explosions came here on civilians. But the CIA of the United States seemed to have completely different data, which for some reason completely not declassified so far. Including - and on the participation of some Soviet destroyers in the attack of the Escade Admiral Berda.
Indeed, studying the history of the domestic navy, you can face quite interesting information regarding individual projects of the Soviet Navy ships, in particular - the Pacific Fleet.
For the first time about the destroyers of the project 45-bis spoke in 1996. It was about three squadrock destroyers: "Important", "impressive" and "high." They were built in Komsomolsk-on-Amur in 1945. When creating them, the trophy technologies applied during the construction of Japanese Fubuki type, specially designed for swimming among Pacific ice, were used. During the search, only information about their bookmark at the Far Eastern Plant No. 199 was found in various archives, on further completion of the Far Eastern Plant No. 202 and the entry into the construction of TOO in January-June 1945. And also - about their brief visits to the Chinese ports of Qingdao and Chifu in December 1945. But at the same time, not one Soviet and Russian explorer of the fleet did not manage to find not only their photos, drawing or schemes in our archives, but even acts about their write-off from the Fleet composition. But not one ship of our Navy, of course, besides the cruiser "Aurora", did not serve Russia for more than 52 years. It would have been rotted for a long time and sank.
Meanwhile, according to fragmental data (in need of unconditional verification), it was possible to establish that in February 1946 at the Far Eastern factory named after K.E. Voroshilova (No. 202) At all three new destroyers, work was really conducted on their re-equipment according to the 45-BIS project: enhancing the hull and installation additional equipment for swimming B. sophisticated conditions High latitudes. In addition, the "High" destroyer for increasing its stability was removed by killery structures, and the destroying destroyer was armed with the RC-1 missile complex. More According to the same data, in June 1946, all three destroyers were held at inter-party repairs in the Argentine VBM Riou-Grande or Rio Gallegos. Then one of the destroyers accompanied by a submarine allegedly even seen from the shores of the French Island Kergelen. But this information is just as ghostly as the Soviet destroyers of the project 45-bis. Of course, the far ocean hike for the detachment of Soviet destroyers is really even in the first post-war year. True, no sane fleet commander would send his ships to the ocean if the route would not be a Soviet maneuverable base or reference point. And those in the Indian Ocean, then we have not yet.
During the past war, there was only one case when a large group of Soviet submarines passed through several oceans from the Far East in Polaria. But they all came to the ports of the United States and the UK for repairs and replenish stocks. And therefore - they reached! An exception was the underwater miner barrier L-16, which was surfed in the Pacific Ocean by the Japanese or American submarine in front of the top watch of the second Soviet underwater mines of L-15. The Pacific submarines arrived at the Northern Fleet, C-51 and C-56 successfully completed the war in Arctic waters, C-54 and C-55 died in battles.
From underwater cruisers like "K", which were originally planned for use in the Pacific and Northern Fleets, that is, fleets that had a free exit to the world ocean and to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of the factory stakes, only the famous for the end of battles survived -21. Four underwater cruisers, who during the war, were completed in a besieged Leningrad, passing factory and running tests, were engaged in combat training in the underwater forces of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. It was these underwater cruisers that could participate in the campaigns of the Antarctic or any other ocean squadron. But they needed to enter the foreign port or the overseas Soviet base for repair and replenishment.
On nuclear submarines that are capable of spending several months at once in the World Ocean, that is, without entering the Soviet base or the database of the country's friendly USSR, no one has yet heard. Yes, and in the ocean trips, our submarines officially went only in the early 1960s. So the appearance of Soviet submarines in the area of \u200b\u200bKergelen is very doubtful.
But back to the "Ghost Esming".
How can you trace the entire history of this division, which is quite suitable to become a "division of volatile dutch" Soviet Navy? After all, there are not a single reliable image, although they all were based on Vladivostok, where there was no lack of wishing to take pictures of ships, standing at the moorings, but the real images of the "important", "impressive" and "high" we have. As if from the mid-1945 of these ships and was not. But this was what managed to learn about the reality of the existence of these destroyers.
For the first time on the creation of the destroyer of the project, 45 spoke in the mid-1930s, when the Soviet industry could already begin the construction of ships to replace the Novik type destroyers. These years, in parallel with the design and construction of the first Soviet leaders of the project 1 (Leningrad type) and 38-bis (type "Ordzhonikidze", from September 1940 - "Baku") of the Office of the National Security Service of the Republic of China and the shipbuilding industry worked on the choice of type New serial destroyer for mass buildings. The choice was stopped at the Squaded District Shop of Project 7 designed by Vladimir Nikitin. In the future, these ships with a parroid turbine main energy plant (GEU) and became the most massive project of the destroyers, whose construction in the Soviet Union immediately began several Soviet shipbuilding factories.
However, another type of destroyer destroyers were proposed - project 45. This ship was created under the direction of the director of the Central Design Bureau of Shipbuilding (CKBS-1) Valerian Brzezinsky, who, being on a business trip in Germany, drew attention to the construction of the destroyer there with high-pressure direct-flow boilers of systems Wagner and Benson, the use of which, as it seemed, promised a significant increase in the specific power of the machine-boiler installation, and therefore speeds. The fact is that in the Soviet Union over the design of Cotloturbin with high parameters, Professor Lev Ramzin has already been worked with the pair, in 1930 convicted on the process of the company, but then issued to freedom. The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating such an installation was to get on serial destroyers of the project 7 high power To achieve the speed of more than 40 knots. The technical implementation of this idea was to use high steam parameters and direct-flow boilers. The latter on the principle of action and design had a number of advantages over conventional water-tube boilers. They had substantially smaller mass boat characteristics and were easier in manufacture.
Returning from Germany, to increase the speed of the future destroyers, Brzezinsky proposed to make their housings almost completely welded and set the boilers of Ramsin on them. Experimental destination project 45, called "Sergo Ordzhonikidze", was laid on the North Leningrad shipyard in 1935. In terms of its technical characteristics and displacement, he was close to the destroyers of the project 7. At the same time, in the choice of the formation of the nasal part, it was focused on ... Japanese destroyer "Fubuki", who had "predatory" curved shape of the Forsten with collapse of sides, which greatly facilitated the movement in ice conditions. Due to the reduction of the mass engine characteristics of the experimental ship, in addition to the two designed lightly closed two-arrangement 130-millimeter guns, B-13, the second gun tower B-13 was installed on its feed. For the distance of swimming in an economical move, the destroyed destroyer was to significantly exceed its predecessors. The new Soviet destroyer was shorted to the water earlier than the first destroyers of the project 7. However, for reasons, characteristic of the end of the 1930s, the tests of the experimental ship, scheduled for 1936, were detained. First, due to the fact that North Verf was not ready for the manufacture reliable system Automatic regulation of direct-flow boilers. It was then it turned out that the manufacture of two-handed 130-millimeter towers was delayed, which, for the first time in the Soviet shipbuilding, Brzezinsky decided to establish on the new destroyer. And then there was a real defeat of the CKBS-1 and the arrest of the designer himself. The legislative result of the arrest is the Experimental destination of the project 45, who received the name "experienced" by this time, only in the fall of 1940 went to the running tests. A year later, he took part in the defense of Leningrad as a floating battery. And after the war, as a morally obsolete was written off and sent on the layer. And although in the official documents of Sergo Ordzhonikidze (he - "experienced") is considered the only destroyer of the project 45, he managed to transfer many innovations to the serial post-war fellow projects of the project 30, which came to replace the project well-fostered 7 and 7th.
So we approached the mysterious project 45-bis and the so-called Antarctic fleet of the USSR Navy almost closely. But it is only the author's version.
In the first half of the 1930s, the leading marine powers initiated a new coast of naval arms racing. Using its right stipulated by the Washington Treaty of 1922, France and Italy began to build new battles. On plans to begin construction of new battleships, the United Kingdom, USA and Japan announced. Having completed the construction of the so-called "pocket" battleships in 1932-1934, and in fact the ocean battleships since 1935, fascist Germany also began to build linear ships.
Fearing that in these conditions, the already fragile domination of the RKKA forces in the Baltic Sea may be lost, and the emergence of the superior forces of the Royal Fleet of Great Britain from our northern and Black Sea coast will become quite real, Joseph Stalin began to create the large ocean fleet of the USSR. In 1936, TsKBS-1 proposed two projects of linear ships for the construction of the main shock force of the future fleet (project 23 for the Pacific and Project 21 for the Baltic Fleet) and two draft heavy cruisers (projects 22 and 69).
At the same time, the design of the project of the project 23 (type "Soviet Union") and the heavy cruiser of the project 22 was held under the leadership of Valerian Brzezinsky. It is not surprising that the basis of GEU of the future Soviet superlinkors, as well as the heavy cruiser of the project 69 (such as Kronstadt) amounted to ... Cotturbins of Professor Ramzin.
But the construction of the Big Ocean Fleet interrupted the second world War. The hulls of the Lincard Soviet Ukraine and the heavy cruiser "Sevastopol", which were laid and built at the shipbuilding plant No. 198 in Nikolaev, in 1941 were captured by the Nazis and undermined them during the retreat in 1944. The remaining battleships (Soviet Union, Soviet Russia and Soviet Belarus), who were laid and built in Leningrad and Molotovsk, as well as the head heavy cruiser of the project 69 were disassembled at the stapels in 1949.
Soviet Belarus should have been included in the ... Pacific Fleet. This was also to come and "Sevastopol". As well as several destroyers of the newest design. What? You are not mistaken! It is 45 projects! True later, on not yet clear reasons, they still decided to replace the project 30. But and from the 45th project did not finally refuse.
In August 1937, simultaneously with the revision of the construction program for the construction of the project 7, it was decided to design new destroyers. And after a year later, the Deputy People's Commissar of the Navy Ivan Isakov achieved the implementation of the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating the first tower destroyers (an experienced destroyer "Sergo Ordzhonikidze" by that time was not yet completed).
A year later, the NCMP and Narkomsudprom reviewed the technical project of the new Soviet Squaded Mission, and on October 27, 1939, the Defense Committee approved the main elements of the destination of the project 30. At the same time, the construction of the USSR began to build 28 of the District Mission: at factory No. 200 in Nikolaev (head in the series - "Firey"), at the factories No. 190 and 189 in Leningrad (the head - "excellent"), at factory No. 199 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (head - "impressive"). So there may be a project 45 bis - this is the destroyer of the project 30, but only upgraded? After all, at the factory in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, it was three destroyers of this project. A year later, two more destroyers of the project were laid here. True, they all did not fully meet the requirements of time. And first of all, due to the fact that the "thirties" had insufficient reliability in combat conditions of the machine-boiler installation (with blasting in the boiler room). With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the construction of destroyers of the project 30, with the exception of "fire", was suspended. The head destroyer was completed on March 22, 1945, and became the only new destroyer who was completed during the war. By the way, these destroyed destroyers could not be confused with other ships of the same class. Only "Firey" had a silhouette other than the silhouettes of the pre-war Soviet destroyers: on the tank - one 130 mm tower, but there were two - 130- and 76-millimeters on the stern.
After the end of the war, 10 "thirty" was completed at once, but on the project 30k. They have increased the strength of the case by increasing the main bonds of the longitudinal set and thickening in some areas of the outer sheaving, the races and the hydrolytator are established, 100 tons of solid ballast are laid in the interdonal space to compensate for the decrease in stability. To increase the range of navigation and reliability of the machine and boiler installation, the shipping GEU is planned to be replaced by GEU project 45. But whether it was done until it is not known. However, during work on the book, it was possible to find a mention that in the mid-1950s one "Esminet-Ghost", "important," was still part of the Soviet Pacific Fleet. He consisted in the cruising division, whose flagship was a light cruiser "A. Suvorov "and the ships of which were based on the island of Russian. Of course, it could be a destroyer of a different project, but we have no other hooks for the "Ghost Esminans".
So, if all the plans for the construction of the Greater Ocean Fleet of the USSR were fulfilled, we would really form a squadron from warships with the same GEU. Or maybe in some documents, she was even named by the Antarctic Squadion of the Pacific Fleet? Former sailors - Pacific, who served on "Ghost Esminians", respond! And we will continue the history of Antarctic ships.
The second white spot of the history of Antarctica is the possible preparation of Soviet kitoboes for hunting ... for submarines.
During the Great Patriotic War, each unit of technology is an aircraft, a ship, and even a simple soldier, made their contribution to the defense of the Motherland and led it to the approach of the Victory Day. It would seem that it may depend on a simple sailor or one ship? How can they lead the country and the whole world to the completion of the war? Contemporaries and historical chronicles described the courage, the courage and the valor of not only individual soldiers and sailors, but also entire divisions and ship connections, tanks and aircraft. The internal quality of people seemed to be transmitted to the technique they managed.
So the destroyer "Rady" along with the team, her affairs and actions deserved their terrible name for enemies. What is this as the name of the destroyer?
Esminets - auxiliary combat ship
How do you call the ship, so he sails
The destroyer "Rady" during the war really deserved its name. He performed more than 90 combat missions to him by the Supreme Command, about 60 thousand nautical miles were held. The Ministry of Users beat off 112 attacks by enemy aviation, hit 14 and seriously damaged more than 20 aircraft, successfully accompanied about 40 of the Allied and 24 of our convoys, sank one and caused damage to two German submarines, tens of times spent the shelling of enemy ports and positions. And this is only according to official, documented data.
In the summer of 1945, the commander of the ship A. I. Gurin received a high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
After victory
In 1956, weapons were removed from the destroyer, and he became a training ship. And after a couple of years, it was excluded from the composition of the Navy. The destroyer "Radzing" 1941-1945 went on vacation, and he replaced a new contemporary antiquity vessel under the same name, which continued the glorious combat tradition of the famous Soviet Northern Fleet.
Technical parameters of the destroyer "Rady"
Esminets "Rading", whose photo we see above, possessed with a capacity of 48 thousand horse power and displacement of 2380 tons, a length of 113 and 10 meters width. The vessel - 32 nodes, the reserve of the course at a cost-effective mode - more than 1600 miles. In service with the destroyer had four 130-millimeter guns, two 76.2-millimeters and four 37 mm guns, as well as four paired machine guns, two bombing and two torpedo vessels. In addition, 56 min, about 55 depth shells of various sizes were placed on board the ship. The crew of the vessel consisted of 245 people.
Overview
According to the records of German officers and soldiers of the Second World War, the Soviet fleet always hit them not so much by the technical characteristics of guns, how many courage of sailors and captains, which could fight in any synoptic conditions for various circumstances.
So and "Radiant" earned its terrible name for many years of combat service on the protection and protection of our country from enemy invasion. In the modern Russian fleet in service with the Navy, of course, there are more advanced ships than the vessel of 1941-1945. However, the spirit of combat traditions remains the same.
