Subject: Purpose, principle of operation, performance characteristics, rules of use and safety measures during the operation of the breathing apparatus AP "Omega-S"

1. Description and operation

Purpose

1. The device operates according to an open breathing scheme (inhale from the device - exhale into the atmosphere) and is intended for:

Protection of the respiratory organs and eyesight from the harmful effects of a toxic and smoky gas environment during ACP in buildings and structures, at production facilities, ships and vessels;

Evacuation of victims from an area with an unbreathable gas environment;

Performing rescue diving operations at depths up to 20 m when used in a diving version.

1.1.2 The device can be used in a hose version, with chemical protection suits, and also as a source of compressed air to ensure the operation of hose breathing apparatus.

Basic performance characteristics

- working pressure from 200 to 10 MPa (kg/cm2)

Time of protective action not less than 50 min.

Time of protective action at a depth of 10 m - not less than 25 min., at a depth of 20 m - not less than 16 min.

Alarm device is triggered at 6-1 MPa (60-10kg/cm2)

Operating temperatures from -40 to +60

The mass of the unloaded apparatus is 13.0 kg.

Service life 10 years.

Device and work

1. DEVICE

The device includes the following main components:

Suspension system ( serves for mounting on it all parts of the device and its fastening on the human body);

Two cylinders with valves and a tee ( are storage tanks for compressed air);

Reducer ( designed to reduce air pressure and supply it to the lung machine of the device);

Mask 9V4.179.089 (type PPM-88) ( designed to isolate the respiratory organs from the environment, supply air from the lung machine for breathing and remove exhaled air through the exhalation valve);

Lung machine with hose ( is designed to supply air to the internal cavity of the mask with excess pressure, as well as to switch on additional continuous air supply in case of failure of the lung machine or lack of air to the user using a multi-purpose button);

Whistle alarm device designed to give an audible signal that warns the user about the remaining air in the cylinders, which is necessary to exit the gassed area);

Pressure gauge( designed to control air flow);

MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL

The device is controlled by the handwheels of the valves and the bypass button.

The opening of the valve occurs when the handwheel is rotated counterclockwise until it stops.

TO CLOSE THE WIND, THE HANDWHEEL IS ROTATING CLOCKWISE TO THE STOP WITHOUT GREAT EFFORT

The mechanism of the lung machine is switched on automatically - by the effort of the user's inhalation. The mechanism of the lung machine is switched off forcibly by pressing the button all the way.

The inclusion of additional air supply is carried out by smoothly pressing the bypass button.

Pressure control is carried out by a manometer mounted on a hose, which is placed on the shoulder strap of the suspension system.

Fire extinguishing powder vehicle AP 5000-40 on the KAMAZ-65115 chassis is designed to deliver combat crew, fire-technical equipment, and a supply of fire-extinguishing powder to the fire site.

Model	AP 5000-40 (65115)
Chassis	KAMAZ-65115
Wheel formula	6x4
Diesel engine, rated power, kW/ specific power kW/t	221/11,6
Combat crew including driver	3
Capacity for powder, cub.m.	5
Powder weight, kg	5000
Working air pressure in the tank, MPa	1
Stationary gun barrel	LS-S40U
Powder consumption through the fire monitor, kg/s	40
Powder supply range through the fire monitor, m	40
Fire monitor rotation angles: horizontal/vertical, degree	360/ -15…+75
Max. speed, km/h	90
Overall dimensions, m	8.94x2.5x3.6

Applicability

It is used as an independent combat unit when extinguishing fires at the enterprises of the petrochemical, gas, oil refining industries and electrical substations. It can be used in temperate regions with annual temperature difference ranging from -45°C to + 40°C on all types of roads.

Design features

• The frame-welded body is made according to a modular scheme and consists of 3 parts: the front compartment for fire extinguishers and compressed air cylinders, a powder tank and a compartment for fire extinguishers.

At the request of the customer, the plant can perform the following:

• Heating: fuel intakes, fuel lines, fine filter and coarse filter.
• Battery compartment insulation.
• Install curtain doors.

Hinged compartment doors are made with telescopic supports for lifting. In the rear part of the body folding steps. The fire monitor can be located on the roof of the body. Fire-technical equipment is located in compartments with easy access and quick removal. It is securely fixed with special mechanisms, clips and other fastening elements.

Main technical characteristics

Table 4 shows the main technical characteristics that are common to all versions of the PTS "Profi" devices.

Table 4 Main technical characteristics of PTS "Profi"

	Name of parameters	Meaning
	Working pressure in the cylinder, MPa (kgf / cm 2)
	Reduced pressure at zero flow, MPa (kgf / cm 2)	0,7…0,85 (7…8,5)
	Activation pressure of the safety valve of the reducer, MPa (kgf / cm 2)	1,2…2,0(12…20)
	Excessive pressure in the mask space at zero flow, Pa (mm of water column), no more	300…450 (30…45)
	Actual expiratory breathing resistance during pulmonary ventilation 30 dm 3 /min, Pa (mm of water column), no more	no more than 350 (35)
	Rescue device weight, kg, no more
	Service life, years

Breathing apparatus AP "Omega"

Provides safe and comfortable work in a smoky or gassed environment where it is impossible to use filtering gas masks, as well as in places where there is a potential threat of the release of substances that are hazardous to the respiratory system and human vision, the concentration and composition of which cannot be predicted. The device was created on the basis of many years of experience in the development and production of breathing apparatus, it is a modernized version of the breathing apparatus AP - 2000, which over the past few years has been supplying fire fighting and rescue services. When developing the AP "Omega", all the wishes of users operating the AP - 2000 were taken into account, as a result of which the AP "Omega" acquired the following tactical and technical features:

• 1. The device is operational at air pressure in the cylinder from 29.4 to 1.0 MPa (from 300 to 10 kgf / cm 2).
• 2. Excessive pressure in the undermask space at zero air flow - (300 + 100)
• 3. Actual expiratory breathing resistance does not exceed 350 Pa.
• 4. The valve of the lung machine of the rescue device opens at a discharge from 50 to 350 Pa.
• 5. The constant supply rescue device provides air supply under the hood at least 25 l/min.
• 6. The alarm device is triggered when the pressure in the cylinder drops to 5.5 + 0.8 MPa.
• 7. The pressure at the outlet of the reducer is not more than 0.9 MPa at a pressure in the cylinder of the device from 27.45 to 29.4 MPa.
• 8. The safety valve of the reducer opens when the pressure at the outlet of the reducer is in the range from 1.1 to 1.8 MPa.
• 9. Pressure of operation of a safety membrane of the valve from 36 to 44 MPas.

The device complies with the requirements of GOST 53255-2009, GOST R 53257-2009, TR TS 019/2011 "On the safety of PPE". Has permission from the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision. Certificate of type approval of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping.

Producer: JSC "KAMPO"

The device is intended for use by parts of the State Fire Service, Ministry of Emergency Situations, VGSO, production personnel and emergency rescue teams of enterprises with potentially hazardous production.

The firefighter's breathing apparatus ensures safe and comfortable work in a smoky or gassed environment where it is impossible to use filtering gas masks, as well as in places where there is a potential threat of the release of substances hazardous to the respiratory system and human vision, the concentration and composition of which cannot be predicted.

The device was created on the basis of many years of experience in the development and production of breathing apparatus, it is a modernized version of the breathing apparatus AP - 2000, which over the past few years has been supplying fire fighting and rescue services.

When developing the AP "Omega", all the wishes of users operating the AP - 2000 were taken into account, as a result of which the AP "Omega" acquired the following tactical and technical features:

Exceptional comfort at work:

• the suspension system consists of a molded, more ergonomic panel and padded shoulder straps created using new technologies using modern materials;
• the connector for connecting a rescue device, which is included in the standard package, is located on the left shoulder strap, at the level of the user's chest, which greatly simplifies the connection of a rescue device in conditions of poor visibility and work in overalls;
• the lateral location of the handwheel of the cylinder valve facilitates its opening / closing when using the device in winter combat clothes;
• a soft waist belt with a shock-absorbing pad allows you to more evenly distribute the weight of the device and reduce the load on the spine.

High Security:

• the presence of a valve equipped with safety and shut-off valves helps prevent the cylinder from bursting during excessive heating and eliminates the formation of a jet stream when the valve breaks;
• a rubber damper on the lower base of the panel protects the cylinder valve from vertical impacts when the apparatus falls;
• The modified lung machine AP-2000 is distinguished by increased fire resistance and impact resistance, and was created using new materials.

Additional features:

• flexible equipment;
• the ability to work in a hose version from low-pressure compressed air supply systems (stationary and mobile) increases the period of protective action almost to "infinity", which makes it possible to complete complex and time-consuming work without interruptions for charging or changing cylinders;
• the “quick fill” device is designed to quickly charge the apparatus by bypassing compressed air from a transport cylinder, which allows providing an operating link or calculation with the necessary amount of high-pressure air to continue work in the temperature range from minus 40 to + 60 ° C (a standard high-pressure compressor operates in temperature range from +5 to +45°С).

Ease of Maintenance:

• connections of the hoses of the air duct system are carried out using brackets, which simplifies the installation / dismantling of the system;
• the air duct system does not require adjustment and adjustment during the operation of the device;
• the main components are disassembled without the use of special tools, which facilitates repairs in the field and significantly reduces the load on the bases of the gas station for the maintenance of breathing apparatus;
• the simplicity of the design allows the user to directly determine the cause of the malfunction in the event of an emergency.

Economy:

• the reliability of the air duct system allows not to keep spare parts in stock, which reduces the costs necessary to maintain the equipment in working order;
• the main components and parts are interchangeable with the components and parts of the AP-2000 apparatus, which allows for the repair and maintenance of the AP "Omega" without retraining the masters of the GDZS;
• AP "Omega" can be taken into account together with the apparatus AP-2000; necessary details are easily rearranged from device to device.

The composition of the breathing apparatus with compressed air "Omega"

Panel and suspension system. Lightweight and comfortable, the new composite panel has an ergonomic surface profile for maximum user comfort. The suspension system provides soft shoulder straps of the original design and a comfortable waistband.

Hoses. The hoses used as part of the apparatus are distinguished by high strength, oil, gasoline and frost resistance, as well as resistance to solutions of surface-active substances (surfactants). Air hoses are routed in such a way as to completely eliminate accidental breakage during operation and ensure maximum safety. The breathing air hose has a tee equipped with two quick couplings for connecting the main mask and the rescue device mask. The chest location of the tee on one of the shoulder straps distinguishes this device from others with improved ergonomics and a higher level of safety.

Lung machine AP-98-7KM. The miniature lung governed demand valve with a servo drive is made of high-strength plastic, has a bypass and an overpressure switch-off button. The lung machine is attached to the mask on the side and does not interfere with the tilt of the head. Turning the bypass on and off is done by turning the handwheel on the body of the lung machine, which leaves hands free during high physical exertion.

Lung machine AP-2000. Made of high-strength polycarbonate, on the body there is a multifunctional button for turning off excess pressure / turning on additional air supply (bypass). The connecting thread of the lung machine complies with the requirements of NPB-165-2001.

Lung machine AP "Delta". The first Russian lung machine with a servo drive mechanism, which allows not only to minimize the size of the lung machine, but also to reduce the friction force to almost zero, which eliminates internal mechanical damage during operation of the mechanism. Thanks to small mechanisms, the lung machine does not interfere with turning and tilting the head while using the device inside the suit. The design provides for two options for bypass operation: “permanent”, which is activated by a fixed turn of the handwheel, and “periodic”, which is activated by pressing and holding the central button of the lung machine by hand.

The location and dimensions of the overpressure shut-off lever make it easy to turn off the lung machine with a hand in a fire glove or mitt. Assembly / disassembly of the lung machine is not difficult for the user, it is carried out without the use of special tools. It is used in breathing apparatus: AP "Omega", AP "Omega-S", AP "Omega"-North, DShA "Vector", in ADA-Pro self-rescuers.

Mask PM-2000. Developed by JSC "KAMPO" specifically for use with breathing apparatus of the AP series.

Differs in the improved ergonomics and quality of the used materials. Used together with breathing apparatus: AP "Omega", AP "Omega-S", AP "Omega"-Sever, AP-98-7KM, DSHA "Vector" and self-rescuers ADA-Pro

Mask "DELTA". Developed by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for any type of breathing apparatus with compressed air having excess pressure in the undermask space. The mask has a modern design, created using new materials. The mask is characterized by increased ergonomics, low inhalation and exhalation resistance. The air flow uniformly blows over the sight glass, which eliminates its fogging and frosting when the mask is used in a wide range of operating temperatures from -50°С to +60°С. A communication headset can be installed in the Delta panoramic mask. The design of the mask with fastening to the helmet of a firefighter and a rescuer has been developed.

Mask "PANA SEAL" Panoramic mask with lateral connection of the lung machine. It is made of neoprene or silicone, can have a belt or mesh headband. It is possible to use a mask with a welding shield. Used with breathing apparatus: AP-98-7KM, AP "Omega", AP "Omega-S", DShA "Vector" and self-rescuers ADA-Pro.

Alarm device with pressure gauge. It is located on the shoulder strap and has a convenient swivel joint. The pressure gauge is certified by the State Standard of the Russian Federation.

Full face masks.

For use with the device AP "Omega" apply:

• panoramic mask PM-2000 with lung machine from AP-2000 or AP-98-7KM,
• Panoramic mask Pana Seal with a lung machine from the apparatus AP-98-7KM.

All masks have replaceable impact-resistant polycarbonate glasses and are equipped with metal speaking membranes. Pana Seal masks can be supplied with strap or mesh headbands. In accordance with NPB 178-99, masks have increased heat resistance, in particular, they withstand exposure to an open flame for 5 s and a heat flux of 8.5 kW/m 2 for 20 minutes.

Reducer. A simple and reliable reducer with a built-in safety valve provides a stable reduced pressure throughout the entire service life of the device and does not require adjustments during operation. The swivel mount facilitates the removal/installation of the cylinder(s).

Optional equipment.

• Connection of a rescue device (additional mask with a lung machine) using a special hose with a quick-release lock;
• Possibility of installation of the device "Quick Fill" for fast charging of a cylinder with compressed air by bypass from a transport cylinder;
• Installation of a communication headset built into the mask;
• Mounting the welding shield on the mask.

High pressure cylinders and valves. As part of the apparatus, cylinders of two types are used: steel production in Russia or Italy and metal-composite production in Russia or the USA. All cylinders comply with the requirements of NPB 190-2000. Cylinder valves are made with both vertical and horizontal handwheels. The following valve options are available:

• With a membrane-type safety device designed to protect the cylinder from explosion when the pressure rises above the permissible level due to excessive heating in an emergency, etc.;
• With a shut-off valve designed to prevent the formation of a jet stream when the valve breaks;
• With safety device and shut-off valve.

Specifications

Symbol apparatus	Protective action time, min, not less, at temperature, °C			Weight*, kg, no more	Overall dimensions, mm, no more
	+(25±1)	minus (40±2)	minus (50±2)
AP "Omega"-1-L68	60	45	-	10,2 (11,2***)	650x280x220
AP "Omega"-North-1-L68			42
AP "Omega"-1-L69			-	10,2 (11,2***)	650x280x220
AP "Omega"-North-1-L69			42
AP "Omega"-1-A68			-	10,4 (11,4***)	640x280x220
AP "Omega"-North-1-A68			42
AP "Omega"-1-AT68			-	10,4 (11,4***)	650x280x220
AP "Omega"-Sever-1-AT68			42
AP "Omega"-1-S9	80	60	-	12,6 (12,9***)	670x280x240
AP "Omega"-North-1-S9			56
AP "Omega"-1-AR9			-	12,6 (12,9***)	670x280x240
AP "Omega"-North-1-AR9			56
AP "Omega"-1-AR10	85	64	-	12,3 (12,5***)	660x280x240
AP "Omega"-North-1-AR10			60
AP "Omega"-2-M4	68	51	-	14,6 (14,9***)	660x280x190
AP "Omega"-Sever-2-M4			47
AP "Omega"-2-S47	82	62	-	13,6 (13,9***)	570x280x210
AP "Omega"-North-2-S47			57
AP "Omega"-2-S68	120	90	-	16,6 (17,9***)	650x330x220
AP "Omega"-North-2-S68			84
AP "Omega"-2-L68			-	16,8 (17,8***)	650x330x220
AP "Omega"-North-2-L68			84
AP "Omega"-2-L69			-	16,8 (17,8***)	650x330x220
AP "Omega"-North-2-L69			84
AP "Omega"-2-A68			-	16,6 (17,6***)	650x330x220
AP "Omega"-North-2-A68			84
AP "Omega"-2-AT68			-	17,6 (17,9***)	650x330x220
AP "Omega"-Sever-2-AT68			84
Notes: * The maximum weight of the device versions is indicated. Weight may be reduced depending on the equipment variant. ** Weight of the machine with hose with plug nipple. *** The weight of the apparatus, complete with a hose with a plug-in nipple and a SOID telemetry system. Explanation of abbreviations: L68 - Luxfer 6.8L L69 - Luxfer 6.9L A68 - Armoteck 6.8L AT68 - Armoteck 6.8l S9 - SCI 9L AR9 - Armoteck 9L AR10 - Armoteck 10L M4 - MASHTEST 4l S47 - SCI 4.7l S68 - SCI 6.8l

Cylinders included in the breathing apparatus with compressed air AP "Omega"
- R-EXTRA-5, "Worthington Cylinders GmbH", 6.8 l (steel) with valve (M18x1.5)
- RBMKT6,8-139-300, ARMOTECH s.r.o., 6.8 l (metal composite) with valve (M18x1.5)
- BK-4-300S, CJSC NPP "Mashtest", 4 l (metal composite) with valve (W19.2)
- BK-7-300S, CJSC NPP "Mashtest", 7 l (metal composite) with valve (W19.2)
- ALT 865, "SCI", 9 l (metal composite) with valve (M18x1.5)
- ALT 894, "SCI", 4.7 l (metal composite) with valve (M18x1.5)
- ALT 896, "SCI", 6.8 l (metal composite) with valve (M18x1.5)
- R-EXTRA-5, "Worthington Cylinders GmbH", 6.8 l (steel) with valve (W 19.2)
- L65FX, "LUXFER Gas Cylinders S.A.S.", 6.9 l (metal composite) with valve (M18x1.5)
- L65CX, "LUXFER Gas Cylinders S.A.S.", 6.8 l (metal composite) with valve (M18x1.5)
- BMK6,8-139-300, ARMOTECH s.r.o., 6.8 l (metal composite) with valve (M18x1.5)
- RBMK9-165-300, ARMOTECH s.r.o., 9 l (metal composite) with valve (M18x1.5)
- RBMK10-165-300, ARMOTECH s.r.o., 10 l (metal composite) with valve (M18x1.5)

1. The device is operational at air pressure in the cylinder from 29.4 to 1.0 MPa (from 300 to 1000 kgf / cm 2);
2. In the undermask space of the front part of the device, during breathing, excess pressure is maintained with pulmonary ventilation up to 85 l/min and the ambient temperature range from -40 to +60°C;
3. Excessive pressure in the mask space at zero air flow - from 200 to 400 Pa (20 - 40 mm of water column);
4. The time of the protective action of the device with pulmonary ventilation of 30 l / min (moderate work) corresponds to the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in the table;
5. The alarm device is triggered when the pressure in the cylinder drops to (50 - 60 kgf / cm 2), while the signal sounds - at least 60 s;
6. Cylinders of the apparatus withstand at least 5000 loading cycles (fillings) between zero and working pressure;
7. The service life of the cylinders of the apparatus is:
   • 20 years for metal-composite firm "SCI";
   • 20 years for the steel company "FABER";
   • 11 years for steel GNPP "SPLAV";
   • 10 years for metal-composite CJSC NPP "Mashtest" and NPO "Poisk";
   • 15 years for metal-composite firm "Armoteck".
8. Service life of the device - 10 years, warranty period of operation - 1 year;
9. The mass of the equipped apparatus (without rescue device and with a hose with a plug-in nipple) is indicated in the table;
10. The mass of the mask does not exceed 0.7 kg.

AP "Omega"

Design features: the suspension system is made of molded panel and padded shoulder straps; the connector for connecting the rescue device is located on the left shoulder strap at the level of the user's chest; there is a soft waist belt with shock-absorbing padding, a rubber damper on the lower base of the panel, which protects the cylinder valve from vertical impacts when the device falls; lung machine, characterized by increased fire resistance and impact resistance (Fig. 5.1).

harness shoulder straps

Slots for attaching shoulder straps

signal

device

loop for attaching the quick refill hose

Lung machine AP-2000

lodgements for "fixing cylinders

slots for cylinder straps

lung machine hose

Hose for rescue device connections

compressed air cylinder

cylinder valve

Rice. 5.1. General view of the breathing apparatus AP "Omega"

High pressure

COMPOSITE PANEL

materials

Design features: side location of the flywheel of the cylinder valve, a miniature lung machine with side or front bayonet fastening to the mask, which does not interfere with turning and tilting the head when the device is used inside a chemical protection suit or a heat-reflecting suit (Fig. 5.2).

Rice. 5.2.

AP "North"

It can be used at low temperatures, as the sealing rings of the reducer, the medium pressure hose and the diaphragm of the lung machine are made of special materials that do not change their characteristics at low temperatures (Fig. 5.3).

Rice. 5.3.

PTS "Profi"

Design features: heat- and fire-resistant suspension system, plastic profiled back, chest strap, soft shoulder pads, universal cylinder attachment system, constant overpressure of air in the undermask space during any physical activity, adapter with quick-release connection for connecting a rescue device; the lung governed demand valve hose can be made with a connector (Fig. 5.4).

Rice. 5.4.

It is used at ambient temperature from -40 to +60 °C.

PTS "Basis"

Advantages over PTS "Profi": lung machine of small mass and high performance, high-performance gearbox (up to 1000 dm 3 / min) (Fig. 5.5).

Does not change the technical parameters after being in an environment with a temperature of 200 ° C for 60 s and withstands exposure to an open flame with a temperature of 800 ° C for 5 s.

PTS "Rescuer"

Design features: cylinders in covers, it is possible to complete with a rescue device. Does not change the technical parameters after exposure to temperatures specified for the PTS "Basis"; during the protective action time it is resistant to gases - ammonia, chlorine, as well as drops of gasoline, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, mineral oil; withstands at least 10 treatments with degassing solutions. Allows you to be under water for 15 minutes at a depth of up to 5 m (Fig. 5.6).

Rice. 5.6.

Design features: ergonomic suspension system from MSA AUER; lung machine provides excess pressure under the front part; the possibility of obtaining an additional rescue device; it is efficient in the range of ambient temperatures from -40 to +60 °С (Fig. 5.7).

IVA-40/Iva-40K

Joint development of OJSC PKP Respirator and MSA AUER GmbH.

Design features: the new gearbox provides a protective action time of up to 120 minutes due to the configuration with two metal-composite cylinders; lung machine LA96 and face mask 3S manufactured by MSA AUER (Fig. 5.8).

Rice. 5.8.

RA 94 Plus Basic

Used with Panorama Novan Futura 2 (F2) face masks.

Design features: the supporting structure is made of high-strength carbon-composite polyamide, chemical shock-resistant; there are built-in handles for easy carrying; shoulder straps are equipped with pads; the weight of the device is concentrated on the hips, which reduces the load on the back; the high-performance gearbox does not require maintenance for 6 years (Fig. 5.9).

Equipped with high-performance pneumatics of the Drager Plus series.

Design features: adjustable articulated base frame design, high degree of chemical, thermal, fire and wear resistance, new fitting technology; equipped with a standard whistle pressure gauge or an electronic cylinder air pressure control system (Fig. 5.10).

Rice. 5.10.

Zrkotays-S^

Breathing apparatus with compressed air manufactured by ICHTEIZRIJU (Sweden) Zrzotais-OB (Fig. 5.11) is a modified version of the Bryotais 90 apparatus.

Design advantages: rotating belt on the carrying back; type 5 full-face mask, which is part of the standard set of Brzotays-OB, is equipped with a valve for switching to breathing air from the atmosphere, which saves compressed air in the cylinder, while the fireman (rescuer) is in a non-gassed atmosphere; transverse fastening of the lung machine reduces the possibility of engagement in cramped spaces; high capacity of the reducer - up to 1350 dm 3 /min; the ability to connect a mask for the victim and the ventilation system of the insulating suit; the cylinder is equipped with a valve with a mechanism to prevent accidental closure (Fig. 5.11).

Rice. 5.11.

Available in three types: S - with a warning signal that works independently of the pressure gauge and is located near the user's ear; Z - with connection of a rescue kit; Q - with quick-fill connection for quick refilling of cylinders. Refueling of cylinders takes less than 1 minute, while the breathing apparatus is not removed. Quick-fill is used only in cylinders with a pressure of 300 MPa.

Design features: 3-position length adjustable chest strap, optimal harness, padded hip belt with limited swivel range for optimal weight distribution, easily adjustable waist belts, freely rotating pressure gauge with luminescent dial. Can be supplied with an integrated ICU monitoring device that monitors tank pressure, remaining run time, temperature, user movement. Additionally, a computer software is provided for reading the operating parameters of the breathing apparatus and for changing the device settings. The AutoMaXX lung governed demand valve is available in two types: normal and overpressure. Made in the form of a hemisphere (Fig. 5.12).

Rice. 5.12.

Like AiMaXX, the device is available in three types.

Design features: lodgement made of impact-resistant and antistatic duroplast, made in accordance with the anatomical features of a person; fastening of belts on the bearing plate allows their quick replacement. Belts are made of non-combustible Nomex/Armid material. Shoulder pads provide a comfortable fit and gentle load distribution, a padded waist belt makes it possible to mount the breathing apparatus on the hips (Fig. 5.13).

The device is used in cases where there is a possibility of the unexpected appearance of hazardous chemicals or the reduction of oxygen to a dangerous level. It is also produced in the Z version - with the connection of the rescue kit. Optimally matched equipment: lodgment, pressure reducer, pressure gauge and lung machine. The lung governed demand valve connects the mask to the pressure reducer through a medium pressure hose without a coupling.

All breathing apparatus can be equipped with 3S or Ultra Elite series masks, compressed air cylinders with a capacity of 2 to 6.8 dm 3 and a pressure of 200 or 300 MPa. Operating temperature range from -40 to +60 °С (Fig. 5.14).

Rice. 5.14. Breathing apparatus BD Compact

Compressed oxygen isolation apparatus with oxygen generation

The set of such devices includes: the front part in the form of a mask or a helmet-mask with a connecting tube, a regenerative cartridge, a breathing bag with an overpressure valve, a frame, a bag for storing and carrying the device.

The exhaled air enters through the connecting tube into the RP, where it is purified from carbon dioxide and water, and into the breathing bag. RP contains a substance that releases oxygen when it absorbs carbon dioxide and water. The oxygen-enriched gas mixture, when inhaled from the breathing bag, again passes through the RP and enters through the connecting tube into the submask space of the front part to the respiratory organs. Breathing apparatus of this type have a smaller mass with a relatively long time of protective action.

The front part of MIA-1 is equipped with a membrane-type intercom, the connecting tube is covered with a cover, anti-fogging films and insulating cuffs provide visibility throughout the entire temperature range of using the device. The attachment system allows the device to be used when it is positioned on the side or on the back (Fig. 5.15).

Specifications

340 x 290 x 165 ............4

heavy, no less..............

middle ..............................

light ...............................

Temperature range of use, °C

Overall dimensions, mm..................

Weight, kg, not more than.......................

It differs from the IP-4M in the location of the breathing bag (when the device is worn, it is located on the user's neck), the design of the RP and the case for storing and carrying the DA (Fig. 5.16).

Specifications

Protective action time, min, during physical activity:

°C.... -20...+50

330 x 240 x 125

heavy, no less

medium ........................

easy.........................

Temperature range of use,

Overall dimensions, mm...............

Weight, kg, not more than ..............

Rice. 5.16.

Differences from RH-90T: electronic flow control, optical and acoustic warning at 20- and 5% residual gas mixture for breathing (Fig. 5.17).

Time of protective action - from 2 to 4 hours depending on physical activity, weight - no more than 12 kg.

Connector with auto start

Replaceable battery

Blower

Oxygen control sensor

Distributor

Breathing bag with two inspiratory and expiratory modules

Charger

Electronic

control

Excess

Regenerative cartridge

Ventilation tubes and cooler

Rice. 5.17. Breathing apparatus Air Elite

Differences from IP-4M the presence of a timer with a countdown time (counting the remaining time of the protective action), an automatic activation system. The protective action time is at least 30 minutes (Fig. 5.18).

Breathing apparatuses are quite complex products. Maintenance and work with them must be carried out by well-trained users, fit for health reasons to significant physical and psychological stress.

To repair such devices, specialized service centers are being created both in the regions and at manufacturers of breathing apparatus. Currently, devices are being developed, the systems of which do not require adjustment, replacement during storage and operation.

The simplicity of the design and the minimization of the number of assembly / disassembly operations make it possible to cope with the malfunction that has arisen on the spot, in the field. Developers are trying to improve ergonomic characteristics, increase the time of protective action, reduce weight and size characteristics.

An important direction in the improvement of breathing apparatus is the development of signaling devices that allow not only

Rice. 5.18.

to assess the suitability of the device in a gassed area, but also the well-being of the user, the possibility of detecting it in conditions of poor visibility and providing him with timely assistance. There is a continuous search and development of new materials, enterprises for the assembly and manufacture of modern devices are being created.

Requirements for safety and ergonomics are priorities for life support equipment and become more stringent every year. The designs of components and parts, their location are changing, which brings certain benefits in the operation of the breathing apparatus. For example, field experience has shown that the quick-release lock for connecting a rescue device should be at the level of the user's chest, since this position guarantees a quick and reliable connection in conditions of poor visibility and limited space.

The new low-pressure lung governed demand valves and lightweight ergonomic face masks, as well as the device as a whole, have a significant impact on the user's work efficiency, creating a feeling of comfort and safety.

Another novelty was the development of a special communication headset for breathing apparatus, which increases the coordination of the actions of units and crews, as well as the safety of participants in fire fighting and elimination of the consequences of accidents working in difficult and dangerous conditions.

Security questions for chapter 5

• 1. Give a comparative description of DAWS.
• 2. Describe the operation of a compressed oxygen containment apparatus with oxygen generation.
• 3. Name the main fundamental differences between DASA and DASC.

Questions for self-study

Learn the basic design features of breathing apparatus.