What dandruff looks like is familiar to everyone: there is hardly a person who has not seen a scattering of light grains of different sizes on his or someone else's clothes. This nuisance, although not a threat to life, can significantly complicate it. Dandruff is not only a little aesthetic - it is often accompanied by skin itching, impaired secretory function of the sebaceous glands and inflammatory reactions.
What is dandruff
Dandruff is small flakes that flake off the scalp in excessive amounts. Normally, cells, originating in the depths of the skin, slowly move towards its surface. Along the way, they thin out and dry out. After the final keratinization, the cells easily leave the surface of the body and hair during washing. This is how the scalp renewal process takes place, which takes about 30 days.
However, in some pathological conditions (skin diseases, changes in the activity of the sebaceous glands), the duration of the cycle is reduced. Not having time to completely keratinize, the cells reach the surface of the skin, stick together and leave the head, forming a large number of light flakes and grains visible to the eye.
What pathological processes provoke the appearance of dandruff? Most often it is seborrhea - a disease that affects the skin of the entire body. One of its signs is dandruff, which in severe cases is formed not only on the head, but also on the skin under the eyebrows, the scalp or back. Moreover, most experts are of the opinion that dandruff as such is a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis, and therefore these concepts are often used interchangeably.
Less commonly, dandruff appears due to an unbalanced diet, stress, gastrointestinal diseases, and other skin diseases.
The main causes of dandruff
On the surface of the human body lives a large number of microorganisms that do not harm a healthy body. The permanent residents of the scalp are the fungi species Malassezia and Pityrosporum, which have recently been recognized as varieties of the same species.
However, as soon as the normal course of physiological processes is disturbed, the activity of these microorganisms becomes several times more active, and the fungi themselves begin to multiply rapidly.
The scalp, covered with hair and supplied with sebaceous glands, is in itself favorable for the activity of Malassezia / Pityrosporum fungi, which need warmth and high levels of moisture. Changes in its condition (for example, increased secretion of fat) creates a breeding ground for fungi in which their numbers begin to multiply.
The activity of fungi leads to an increase in the amount of fatty acids on the surface of the head, which causes itching and irritation. As a result, the skin reacts with the appearance of inflammatory reactions, peeling and the appearance of dandruff.
Combing itchy places, a person violates the integrity of the skin, which is why local immunity becomes lower and lower: crusts, suppurations, inflammations, etc. form on the damaged areas. So the disease becomes chronic.
What causes can change the normal course of the physiological processes of the body and thereby contribute to the activation of fungi? Most often these include the following factors:
Genetic Conditioned Features: the number of sebaceous glands, the composition of the secret produced by them, the sensitivity of the glands to hormonal changes, etc.
Features of female physiology: changes in hormonal balance during periods of ovulation or pregnancy can aggravate the sensitivity of the scalp, which can lead to inflammatory formations.
- Diseases of the digestive system.
- Violations of the activity of the endocrine glands.
- Immune diseases.
- Lack of proper hygiene.
- Emotional stress, depression, diseases of the psyche and nervous system.
- , unbalanced diet.
- Skin diseases.
- Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Types of dandruff and their features
The types of dandruff are determined depending on the functional state of the sebaceous glands and the composition of their secretion. After analyzing the signs of the disease and the features of its course, the following types of seborrhea can be distinguished:
Dry. Its occurrence is associated with disturbances in the activity of the sebaceous glands: the secret produced by them is highly viscous and therefore poorly excreted. Because of this, the surface layer of the skin becomes dry, the hair thins and breaks easily, and their ends are usually split. The scalp becomes capricious, because. her sensitivity is markedly increased. Dry seborrhea is often accompanied by itching and hair loss. Sometimes red or pink spots may appear. Dandruff of this type easily falls off the scalp, practically without getting stuck in the hair.
oily. The main feature of this type of dandruff lies in its name. The surface of the hair and skin becomes oily and shiny due to excess sebum production. Depending on its consistency, two forms of this type of seborrhea can be distinguished:
- thick: the consistency of the secretion of the sebaceous glands resembles uncooked dough. This form of the disease is characterized by dense and inelastic skin, hard, coarse hair. The sebaceous glands are enlarged and at the same time clogged with “plugs” of keratinized skin cells. Inside they are filled with thick contents. In some cases, the disease is accompanied by the appearance of staphylococcal or streptococcal ulcers;
- liquid: the consistency of the secret in density resembles vegetable oil. Dandruff in the form of large flakes covers the hair, which is covered with fat and sticks together in separate strands a day after washing. Itchy pustules can form on the skin, caused by clogged hair follicles. After combing or opening them, crusts form on the skin.
mixed. This type of seborrhea combines the signs of both forms of the disease discussed above. For example, on areas of the skin covered with hair, there may be pockets of thick oily seborrhea, and on the face - liquid or dry.
A good help in the fight against dandruff are traditional medicine recipes, which usually use the most familiar and affordable ingredients. However, before using them, you need to carefully study the composition of the product: whether it contains allergens. The use of masks or shampoos alone will not bring the desired effect without deep cleaning - peeling of the scalp. Making it at home is also easy. Treatment of the scalp with peeling contributes to a better removal of skin flakes, improves blood circulation, and facilitates hair nutrition.
Recipes for peeling the scalp
It is recommended to do a deep cleaning of the scalp once every 14 days for owners of dry hair, and twice for the same period for those whose sebum is produced in excess. Most often, soda and salt are used for peeling. Depending on the type of hair, the exfoliating mixture can be supplemented with lemon juice, coarsely ground coffee, essential oils. The finished composition is applied to the scalp with massaging movements and left for 5-10 minutes to act. Then it is washed off under running water.
The simplest peeling recipes are as follows:
- Mix a tablespoon of your shampoo with a teaspoon of baking soda and wash your hair with the mixture. This method is suitable for owners of any type of hair. Often, ground coffee is added to shampoo instead of soda. This option of peeling is not bad, but it is much more difficult to wash it off.
- Salt solution can also be used for any type of dandruff. The mixture consists of table salt and water in equal parts. Mix the ingredients and then apply the resulting solution to the scalp, massage a little and rinse off after 5 minutes.
- Owners of oily hair will appreciate peeling, for which egg yolk is mixed with a tablespoon of salt and the juice of half a lemon.
Options for home masks
Treatment of dandruff with folk methods is not only effective, but also economical. From inexpensive and familiar products, excellent therapeutic masks are obtained.
The following recipes have earned great popularity and good reviews:
- Massage the scalp before washing with apple cider vinegar for 1-3 minutes.
- Apply kefir on an unwashed head, and after 10-15 minutes wash it off using a shampoo suitable for the type of hair. This mask can be used daily. As soon as dandruff becomes less, it will be enough to apply kefir once every 10 days.
- Rubbing tea fungus infusion into a clean scalp for about 2-3 minutes, followed by rinsing the hair.
- A mixture of castor oil, black tea leaves and vodka in equal parts also helps to fight dandruff. The resulting mass, slightly rubbing, is applied to the scalp and left to act for one and a half to two hours. Then you need to wash your hair with shampoo. This mask can be applied every other day.
- Burdock root, 20 gr. which you need to pour a glass of water and cook until the amount of liquid is halved. The broth should cool to a temperature that is comfortable for you, then it remains to strain and use it, rubbing it into a clean scalp daily for 10 days.
- A mask made from the juice of one small onion, yolk and a tablespoon of honey will help to soothe itchy scalp and stop hair loss. It should be applied to the scalp before washing for 30-50 minutes. For a noticeable effect, the mask should be repeated every 2-3 days. In total, 10 procedures should be done. Its only drawback is that the smell of onion will appear on wet hair for about six months after the end of treatment. Dry hair will not contain any foreign odors.
- Rinsing the scalp with a decoction of oak bark helps to cope with oily seborrhea. Three tablespoons of bark is poured with a liter of water. After 15 minutes of boiling, the broth is infused for half an hour and then filtered. You can rinse your head with it after each wash for 1-2 months.
- A very popular mask recipe with aloe juice (5 parts) and alcohol (1 part). After mixing the ingredients in the indicated proportion, you need to rub the resulting mixture into the scalp every other day. The solution can be prepared with a margin, because it is perfectly stored in a dark, cool place.
- With any kind of dandruff, nettle has a good healing effect. With dry seborrhea, 3 tablespoons of herbs are poured with half a glass of vegetable oil. The mixture should stand for a week in a dark and cool place, after which it can be used by rubbing into the scalp before each wash. With oily seborrhea, nettle (50 g) is poured with boiling water (300 ml). The composition must be brought to a boil, strained, cooled and used to rinse hair after washing.
- A mask made from a glass of natural yogurt (you can buy it or cook it yourself) and 1-2 tablespoons of lemon juice will help not only rid your head of dandruff, but also treat your hair. If the hair is very oily, the amount of juice can be doubled. Mix the ingredients until smooth and apply the resulting mixture to a clean scalp. Then put on a warming cap and wait 40-50 minutes. Then the composition can be washed off the hair with a regular shampoo.
Using folk remedies for treatment, it is important to remember that masks with alcohol can dry out the skin excessively, and therefore you should not abuse them. In addition, the mixture applied to the skin and hair should be washed off immediately if you suddenly feel a burning sensation or other unpleasant symptoms.
For those who do not want or cannot use the recipes of traditional medicine, the achievements of pharmaceuticals will help. Today in any pharmacy you can find a large number of medicated shampoos designed specifically for the treatment of dandruff. These drugs are effective, but their price rarely drops below 300-400 rubles for a small bottle.
Dandruff shampoos can be divided into two types:
Exfoliating- help to thoroughly cleanse the skin, as well as soothe itching and reduce inflammatory reactions. Such shampoos dry out the skin, therefore, with dry seborrhea, they should be used with caution. The following brands are very popular:
- Friderm Tar;
- Selegel containing selenium sulfide;
- Tar shampoo from the brand "One Hundred Recipes of Beauty";
- Kerium from the brand La Roche-Posay.
Proprietary medicated (antifungal) shampoos. They include substances that prevent the reproduction of fungi: clotrimazole, pyrithione, etc. These include:
- Nizoral, which is based on ketoconazole. Effective against a large number of fungi;
- Sulsena (shampoo and paste), the active ingredient of which is selenium disulfide. It not only allows you to deeply cleanse the skin, but also prevents the growth of fungi;
- Sebozol containing the same active substance as Nizoral mentioned above;
- Dermazol, the basis of which is ketocotonazole. Helps not only to cope with dandruff, but also with other skin diseases (eczema, lichen);
- Seborin, which acts on the fungus with the help of climbazole, which is part of the composition.
Use the selected shampoo in accordance with the instructions. Do not wash your hair more often than recommended in it. This will not speed up the healing process of the scalp, but rather add new problems.
No one is immune from the appearance of dandruff, because. it is impossible to predict what stressful situations you will have to endure or what diseases you may encounter in the future. However, anyone can take simple preventive measures that will reduce the likelihood of encountering this nuisance.
Most of the actions aimed at preventing dandruff follow the principles of a healthy lifestyle. This means that with the help of preventive measures, you can not only defeat dandruff, but also join proper nutrition.
Particular attention will need to be paid to the following factors:
- A balanced diet that includes proteins, fats and carbohydrates. You should reduce the consumption of fatty, salty, too spicy foods. The body will also benefit from the rejection of carbonated drinks and an excess of simple carbohydrates (sugar, white flour products, etc.);
- Drinking regime: to maintain all metabolic processes in the body, you should drink enough clean water (about 2 liters daily). Tea, juices, compotes and other drinks are not taken into account;
- Hygiene: it is forbidden to use other people's towels, combs, hair accessories, etc.;
- Personal care: it is necessary to choose suitable and non-aggressive body and hair care products. You should use styling products less often (gel, foam, varnish, etc.) and do not be lazy to wash them off before going to bed. No need to abuse shampoos with a preventive effect, the optimal frequency of their use is 1-2 times every two weeks;
- Emotional background: it is necessary to avoid unnerving situations whenever possible. You should not only work, but also fully relax, try to get enough sleep. Moderate physical activity, appropriate to the level of training, will successfully withstand stress.
Dandruff does not appear without a reason. Most often, its formation is associated with a violation of some physiological processes in the body. Identifying the source of the problem and working on it, as well as appropriate skin and hair care, will solve this problem. But even after dandruff is defeated, you should not let the situation take its course. Timely preventive measures taken will help to avoid a re-encounter with her.
Video: how to get rid of dandruff
Dandruff is a condition in which the rate of scaly exfoliation of skin particles is very high over a long period. It is usually seen on the scalp with thick hair.
Each person has seen dandruff at least once in his life, and, in simple terms, this ailment looks like quickly exfoliating small parts of keratinized skin cells from the top layer.
Scale shapes:
- foliate;
- pityriasis;
- rough;
- layered;
- with pronounced peeling;
- different colors (grayish-silver, whitish, yellowish);
- firmly attached to the skin.
From how dandruff looks, its appearance is characterized. Doctors determine the form of detachments, depending on this, they make a diagnosis.
There is a medical name for this disease - seborrhea. This disease occurs against the background of a violation of sebum formation, which is due to increased or reduced production of the secretion of the sebaceous glands. And also the changed composition of the fat of the skin can affect the appearance of such a disease.
The symptoms of seborrhea are pronounced, it is simply impossible not to notice the manifestations of this disease. Women are especially attentive to their hair, and the appearance of dandruff becomes a real tragedy for ladies.
Symptoms:
The appearance of dandruff can be anywhere where there are a large number of sebaceous glands, this is the area of the head, back, chest, face. Seborrhea manifests itself in all areas with increased oiliness of the skin, noticeable open pores, but keratinized scales are observed in almost all cases on the head.
Reasons for education
The main cause of this disease is a disorder of the sebaceous gland. This circumstance can be caused by several factors.
What affects the functioning of the sebaceous gland:
Sebum is produced in different quantities and qualities. It depends on many circumstances, for example, the person's age, gender, and general health.
Lack of vitamins and improper diet also negatively affect the process of sebum production.
It is known that in the pubertal period, the largest production of sebaceous secretion occurs, which is associated with the hormonal background. And in old age, these processes fade, since the body does not have enough of some hormones that affect the functioning of the sebaceous glands.
Types of seborrhea:
- Liquid form of seborrhea;
- Dense form;
- Dry seborrhea;
- Mixed type of this disease;
- Seborrheic dermatitis.
Each type of such manifestations has its own symptoms and looks different.
In some cases, the sebaceous duct is blocked by the formed scales, which causes an inflammatory process in this area. If this place is opened, then pus will stand out from the affected area, and later a noticeable scar will form.
Atheroma - a sebaceous gland cyst can also be a complication of disorders in this area.
Seborrhea is not an independent disease, therefore, before starting treatment, a trichologist finds out the causes of this pathology.
Only by eliminating diseases that provoke a violation of the secretion of fat from the sebaceous glands, you can completely get rid of seborrhea.
However, there are a huge number of folk methods of treating this skin condition, which can save a person from dandruff, eliminate itching and improve the activity of this area.
Diseases and dandruff
Many diseases provoke the appearance of dandruff, and there are reasons for this.
Folk remedies for dandruff
Lotions
With seborrhea, lotions are used quite effectively, they regulate the secretion of the sebaceous glands and dry out oily skin.
There are lotions that can be prepared at home, and products sold in pharmacies.
- Home lotion. Requires 2 tbsp. spoons of herbs St. John's wort, nettle, yarrow. Mix all the ingredients, pour boiling water, about 200 gr. Insist 7-8 hours, strain. Do not throw away the used herb, but pour 0.5 cups of vodka, leave for another 7-8 hours, strain. Mix both parts of the lotion. Apply to hair daily for half an hour and rinse with water. Keep refrigerated;
- Lotion Biffon (Bifonazole). This pharmacy drug is designed to combat dandruff caused by a fungus. There are several analogues of this remedy, these are Nizoral and Dermazole shampoos.
It is impossible to say which remedy is more effective, but the folk remedy is made from natural ingredients and has no contraindications, unlike the pharmacy one.
homemade masks
Homemade homemade masks are no less effective for dandruff.
You can use many components for masks. Add herbs or other herbal ingredients as you wish.
Means for rinsing and washing the head
Such methods can reduce the treatment time. With the help of these methods, you can quickly and permanently get rid of dandruff.
- Lemon water. To prepare this remedy, you need 4 lemons. Pour the peeled lemon peel with 1 liter of water, boil for 10-15 minutes. Cool and rinse hair after shampooing. You can repeat the procedure often. The remaining lemons can also be used to good use. Squeeze out the juice and mix in equal proportions with coconut oil, use this remedy as a dandruff mask.
- Apple cider vinegar 6%. Washing your hair with this solution is very useful not only for dandruff. This will saturate the hair follicles with many useful elements, the hair will be beautiful and look healthy. Before use, vinegar must be diluted with water 1: 1. Apply this method, perhaps daily, for 1-2 weeks.
- Tar soap. Washing your hair with tar soap is a great way to get rid of dandruff. After lathering your hair well, you need to rub the foam into the scalp with your fingers. Hold the soap for 1-2 minutes, rinse. This method fights not only dandruff, but also cracks and wounds on the skin.
Such methods are considered easy to prepare and apply. Their action comes quickly.
Compresses for dandruff
Such methods require much more time than others, but they can be called the most effective.
When using this method, it is necessary to massage the head well.
Infusions and decoctions
Herbs have been known for their medicinal properties for a very long time. When dandruff appears, do not ignore these natural healers:
- calendula;
- thyme;
- mint;
- basil;
- chamomile.
Mix all herbs in equal proportions. Take 1 tbsp. a spoonful of raw materials, pour a glass of boiling water, insist, strain and rinse your head every day. It is possible to use herbs individually, but the effect will not be as strong.
Some people treat dandruff as a temporary cosmetic problem without wondering how to get rid of it. Meanwhile, scaly exfoliation on the scalp can signal disorders in the body and cause psychological distress.
The most effective remedy for dandruff
When a person is faced with the problem of dandruff, the first thing that comes to mind is to go to the pharmacy for a suitable drug to get rid of it. It is not always possible to buy an effective remedy. Falling for advertising, we often purchase an expensive drug that does not justify our hopes. You need to choose a remedy for dandruff in pharmacies after determining the cause of the appearance of white flakes, a trichologist will help to establish it.
The main active ingredient of sulsenic paste is selenium disulfide, which has a triple action against small scales on the head:
- cytostatic, in which the process of cell formation is normalized;
- keratolytic, due to which there is a rapid exfoliation of the epidermis, prevents the appearance of dandruff;
- fungicidal against yeast fungi, which selenium disulfide does not allow to multiply, reduces growth.
Anti-dandruff shampoo
Among the products that help get rid of dandruff, shampoos occupy the first place in popularity. They are divided into three types:
- Tar. The tar included in the composition is birch, pine, juniper and coal tar. Tar antifungal shampoo helps to slow down the formation of flaking scales.
- Antifungal. They contain substances that prevent the reproduction of fungi: clotrimazole, pyrithione, ketoconazole and others. Antifungal shampoo is used no more than once a week.
- Zinc. Zinc shampoo is recommended for oily seborrhea. The tool will help regulate the secretion of sebum, dry the scalp, stimulate metabolic processes. Zinc medicated shampoos should not be used unnecessarily.
Ampoules
Pharmacy ampoules are an effective remedy for seborrheic dermatitis and hair loss. Treatment of dandruff is noticeable after the first application: irritation of the scalp disappears, inflammation decreases. In addition, the active substances olamine, white lupine extract and PP vitamins protect hair from excessive ultraviolet radiation, fight bacterial and fungal flora, stimulating the rapid growth of strands. Use this medicine for dandruff strictly according to the instructions.
Lotions
These medications can be homemade or professional, which are sold in a pharmacy. The active substances of lotions are salicylic acid, sulfur, zinc and others. The funds are applied to the scalp, kept for 15 to 40 minutes, then washed off. The lotion not only helps with dandruff, but also contains ingredients that heal and soothe the skin.
Medicated dandruff shampoo in a pharmacy
Almost all men and women who are faced with the problem of dandruff immediately go to the pharmacy for medicated shampoos. Their popularity lies in the short-term use and the rapid achievement of a positive result. A second course of treatment is carried out only after a certain time. These dandruff remedies are sold in pharmacies and shopping centers at an affordable price.
Nizoral
In the ranking of the most popular therapeutic shampoos, Nizoral is in first place. The active ingredient of the drug is ketoconazole, which is used as an antifungal agent to get rid of seborrhea and other diseases of the scalp. According to the instructions, you need to wash your hair with Nizoral for 14 to 30 days a couple of times a week. According to consumer reviews, the tool helps to remove dandruff for a long time after 2-3 applications.
Ketoconazole
It has properties that can disrupt the synthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids that form the cell walls of the fungus. With the help of shampoo, both adult and children's dermatitis is successfully treated. In modern medicine, Keto Plus shampoo and Ketoconazole tablets are used to treat candidiasis, dermatophytosis, and lichen multi-colored. Before using this drug, it is advisable to go to a consultation with a dermatologist.
Sebazol
Active dandruff remedies in the pharmacy include Sebazol shampoo. It not only washes away the exfoliated epidermis, but also removes the cause of the disease. In addition, the drug has an effect in the fight against yeast lesions, improves the condition of the scalp, and has excellent washing properties. With regular use (2-3 times a month) it helps to improve the general condition of the hair.
Cyclopyroxolamine
The fungicidal properties of ciclopiroxolamine are more powerful than those of ketoconazole, since ciclopirox is active against all types of pathogenic fungi. As part of medicinal preparations, the component has an antipruritic and anti-inflammatory effect. Cyclopyroxolamine-based shampoos treat seborrheic dermatitis that other drugs cannot help. After the first application, you can get rid of itching, increased oiliness of the hair, and after 2-3 shampoos, dandruff disappears.
Tar shampoo
Tar has multiple medicinal properties: drying, antiparasitic, antiseptic. Tar shampoo has been known for a long time to combat fungal manifestations, which has an antimicrobial effect. The composition of the domestic medicinal product includes birch tar, organic acids, burdock extract, allantoin. All these components enhance the effect of tar, and also promote skin renewal and relieve itching.
Reading 13 min. Views 10.2k. Published on 11.10.2018
Dandruff is a fairly common problem among both women and men. The mechanism of dandruff formation is different in each individual case. The main causes of the syndrome are improper functioning of the sebaceous glands or a fungus.
What is dandruff
Dandruff is a disease characterized by profuse exfoliation of dead cells as a result of improper functioning of the sebaceous glands. Excess sebum leads to clogged pores and ducts, causing premature aging of skin cells. Horny scales may have a different color and shape.
There are 3 types of dandruff:
- oily;
- dry;
- mixed.
In the first case, the scalp resembles puff pastry. The sebaceous ducts are clogged with dead cells soaked in sebum. Skin tone is brownish grey. Sometimes there are ulcers, cysts of the sebaceous glands and comedones(thick form). 
- For oily form seborrhea is characterized by the formation of an oily reddish film on the hair and skin. Yellowish scales tightly envelop them, which leads to the formation of boils, and sometimes pigment spots. Skin.
- Dry dandruff does not mean that the scalp is overdried. Sebum has a high viscosity, so it is released from the glands slowly. Such dandruff either crumbles easily or stratifies, forming flakes of a grayish-white color. . The cause of dry seborrhea is a fungus and not the sebaceous glands. It is present in most people and is activated only with poor immunity.
- mixed type disease retains signs of oily and dry dandruff in certain areas of the scalp. Characteristic for dermatitis and psoriasis.
Causes of dandruff
Dandruff can occur for various reasons. Any disease, hormonal failure or reduced immunity affect the hair in the first place. Often the syndrome manifests itself under constant stress and poor ecology.
Violation of the metabolic process is the most common cause of malfunction of the glands. As a result of this, the sebaceous ducts rebuild their work, receiving a greater load. At the same time, there are not enough nutrients for recovery. Their work slows down, and the upper layer of the epidermis dies off faster. With prolonged disruption of the glands, this leads to the formation of a thick, oily form of seborrhea.
The main reasons for failures are:
- Mental disorders;
- Nervous stress;
- Improper nutrition(excess fat and salt);
- Frequent intake of hot foods;
- Hormonal shifts, menopause.
Important. Dandruff resulting from sebaceous gland disorders can be cured within 3 weeks. A special diet and fix the result for a long time.
hormonal disruptions, caused by mild seborrhea, are associated with a violation of estrogen production, as a rule.
With its increase in the male or female body, the outflow of sebum is accelerated. Skin fat becomes more viscous, which leads to the need for long-term treatment not only of the scalp, but also of the endocrine system. 
The main causes of hormonal disruptions include:
- Prolonged hypovitaminosis;
- Endocrine disorders in the body;
- Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- Viruses, infections and fungus;
- Chronic stress and lack of sleep.
Important. Dandruff caused by hormonal changes is treated comprehensively. The main tests for the level of hormones are given and only after that they select the appropriate therapy ( hormones, shampoo, ).
Nature has endowed a person with a protective water-lipid mask that covers the scalp and maintains the desired pH balance.
When the fungus enters the bloodstream or directly on the skin, a protective reaction occurs in the body: sebum is produced in large volumes to remove harmful microorganisms through the sebaceous ducts. A special type of fungus (Pityrosporum ovale) is present in the acidic environment of this mask.
When a person reaches optimal conditions for the reproduction of this fungus, the body becomes clogged with the products of its vital activity. Plaques of pus and keratinized scales often form on the head, which are difficult to exfoliate from the dermis.
The reasons for the active reproduction of the fungus are:
- Improper nutrition;
- Metabolic disease;
- Diseases of a chronic nature;
- Physical and emotional overstrain;
- Using aggressive shampoos;
- Drying with a hair dryer; neglect of warm hats in the cold;
- hereditary predisposition.
Important. Dandruff caused by a fungus is treated with. Depending on the stage of infection, various forms (local, oral) can be used. That is why in the formation of dandruff it is necessary to identify its true cause.
Skin diseases
Dandruff is also manifested as a consequence of severe skin diseases of the head and hair. Their effects are reflected in the sebaceous glands, especially during the recovery period.
The main diseases include:
Important. Treatment is based on antibiotics. In case of complications apply. As an additional help, tar cosmetics are useful, which exfoliate excess dead particles and dry the dermis.
5. Indirect factors
An important role in the destabilization of the work of the glands is played by any manipulations with the hair: frequent styling with a hairdryer, the use of low-quality styling products.
Staining and. Even daily hair washing destroys the natural balance, washing away the natural lubricant.
How dandruff remedies work
Dandruff remedies eliminate not only the symptoms of the syndrome, but also effectively fight the cause.
If dandruff is formed as a result of a fungal infection, and restore the microflora of the epidermis, heal the affected areas and improve blood circulation.
Thus, rejuvenating skin cells. As a result, dead skin cells disappear.
If dandruff is caused by dysfunction of the sebaceous glands, the active components of the preparations normalize and restore the usual pace of their work thanks to the exfoliating composition, vitamins and minerals.
Benefits, pros and cons
Preparations and have a wide spectrum of action:
- Destroy pathogenic microflora and fungus;
- Have an antiseptic effect, which slows down or prevents the development of the disease;
- Normalize work on the intracellular level, preventing premature aging of the epidermis and the formation of keratinized scales;
- Reduce skin flaking, cleanse the sebaceous ducts, prevent their blockage;
- Prevent inflammation thanks to the vitamin or therapeutic composition;
- narrow down pores, dry the skin, normalize the work of the sebaceous glands;
- Strengthen hair follicles, prevent .
However, the wrong selection of funds (by type of dandruff) may not have the desired result or, conversely, cause harm.
Preparations:
- Dry skin, as a result of which, the sebaceous glands begin to become even more active (inherent in the fatty type of the dermis);
- Not giving 100% results without constant cleansing and exfoliation (peeling, massage);
- Are not multicomponent, which have an antifungal, anti-inflammatory and exfoliating effect;
- Have a number contraindications;
- Requires complete hair care for the duration of treatment (masks, rinses);
- Selected individually according to the test(not every product line has the same effect on the skin of a certain type);
- May cause chemical burns(ointments and lotions containing acids);
- Have an unpleasant odor which lasts after washing out of the hair.
Contraindications
Dandruff shampoos have one limitation in use: the composition should correspond to the type of skin and dandruff. Pharmacy ointments and tablets have a high concentration of active ingredients, so their use is associated with a number of contraindications. 
Before use, make sure that there is no:
- Allergic reactions or individual intolerance to the components;
- Indications of the undesirability of use in case of skin dermatitis, eczema or irritation (with wounds);
- Increased skin sensitivity.
In some cases, drugs are prohibited for use during pregnancy and lactation.
Pay special attention to taking pills. Antihistamines and glucocorticosteroids containing hormones have a wider list of contraindications. Among them are kidney and liver failure, heart and respiratory diseases.
Medical treatment for dandruff
Any drug for the treatment of dandruff has a special composition and acts narrowly. The main components can be:
- Ketoconazole;
Important. The antifungal and antiseptic effect is provided by ketaconazole, zinc and tea tree oil. Sulfur and salicylic acid have an exfoliating effect. Selenium sulfide resists premature cell aging.
There are also complex drugs, which include many active substances. So the use of additional ointments or lotions will be optional.
Dandruff tablets
The active substance of the drug is ketoconazole. It has a pronounced antifungal effect of a wide spectrum of action. It is a quality remedy in the fight against dandruff. Taken orally after every meal. Treatment continues with courses to consolidate the result. Used for fungal dandruff. 
The active ingredient in aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid. It is an exfoliating and drying agent for the skin. To combat dandruff, two crushed tablets are added to the shampoo before each wash. The hair is thoroughly massaged until a thick foam appears.. The effect of aspirin is to relieve itching by stimulating even more exfoliation. Acid also normalizes blood circulation and the sebaceous glands.
Nystatin is a specific anti-dandruff agent. Contains an antibiotic that kills the fungus. Not suitable for dandruff caused by dermatological diseases. For the treatment of the syndrome, it is dissolved in a single dose of shampoo (3 pcs.). The course includes 5 sessions. Calcium in the composition restores the functioning of the sebaceous glands. The rehabilitation period requires the application of restorative masks (vitamins).
The action of fluconazole is selective. It destroys only pathogenic fungi alien to the body. Taken orally for a week. Requires complex treatment with the use of local ointments (anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic). In many cases, the drug shows high efficiency and speed.
Antifungal creams
Ketoconazole
The ointment is non-hormonal antifungal substance. The active ingredient is ketoconazole, which fights many types of fungi. Apply daily to the scalp after washing the hair. The course of treatment is 1.5 months. Used for dandruff without skin lesions.
Miconazole
It acts as an active substance. It is an antiseptic and fights microorganisms and fungi. The composition is designed for any type of dandruff. The cream quickly relieves itching, irritation and flaking. Used 2 times a day(morning and evening) as recommended by the doctor (at least a month).
dandruff ampoules
Ampoules of the Hungarian brand Hair Botox Anti-Dandruff (60 ml) are used as an aid in the treatment of dandruff. The composition includes collagen, hyaluronic acid and keratin. The effect is to improve blood circulation, hydration, nutrition (protein) and softness to the hair. It also normalizes the pH of the skin.
Russian-made herbal complex (35 ml) can be used as a remedy for fungal infection. The composition contains climbazole, which kills mycotic foci. Organic oils restore the dermis. The anti-inflammatory effect is achieved due to natural antioxidants.
Complex Londa Anti-Dandruff Serum (60 ml) is also effective in the fight against fungal dandruff (climbazole). Green clay quickly eliminates itching and flaking. Jojoba oil and calendula extract heal and nourish the skin, giving strength and strength to the hair.
Inexpensive dandruff remedies in a pharmacy
Tar shampoo (70 rubles)
Birch tar in the composition has an antifungal effect, dries the skin and normalizes the sebaceous glands. Suitable for all types of dandruff. Not recommended for use on light hair (darkens tone).
Sulfur soap (35 rubles)
Has a healing effect. Sulfur cleanses pores, has a peeling effect (scrub). Frees the sebaceous ducts from dirt and fat (penetrates into the deep layers of the dermis).
Ichthyol ointment (50 rubles)
Perfectly copes with seborrhea and dandruff, accompanied by the appearance of abscesses and boils. For the treatment of dandruff, a paste with a concentration of 20% is used.. It has a detrimental effect on the fungus, draws out pus and heals wounds. Safe to use and effective in most cases. 
Zinc ointment (30 rubles)
It is used exclusively for oily type of dandruff (for oily skin). Used twice a week without pre-treatment of hair (washing and drying). Ideal for treating dandruff during pregnancy. Ointment is also often prescribed for children.
Mumiyo (150 rubles)
The product has a jelly-like consistency with a full range of vitamins, minerals and fatty acids. The healing effect of mumiyo, the formation of which has not yet been unraveled by scientists, consists in the effect on the skin in all directions: cleansing, nourishing, moisturizing and saturating with protein. "Mountain resin" is spent economically. Against dandruff with mummy make masks, shampoos and lotions.
Effective remedies for dandruff
Shampoos
- (ketoconazole);
- (salicylic acid, caffeine);
- (tar);
- 911 Tar;
- (ketoconazole);
- (salicylic acid);
- (ketoconazole);
- Sulsena(selenium disulfide);
- (selenium disulfide);
- Dermazol(ketoconazole);
- (ketoconazole);
- (salicylic acid);
- (zinc pyrithione);
- Freederm(zinc or tar);
- (salicylic acid, resorcinol, climbazole, miconazole);
- (salicylic acid, tar);
- Kelual DS(keluamide, zinc pyrithione, ciclopiroxolamine);
- Elf(ketoconazole, zinc);
- (zinc, biotin, panthenol);
- (zinc, salicylic acid, ketoconazole);
- Jason Dandruff Relief(salicylic and folic acid, sulfur).
Lotions
- (ichthyol);
- (octopirox, tea tree oil);
- (zinc sulfate, keluamide);
- (tar, zinc);
- (salicylic acid, zinc);
- ExpertPharma from Faberlic(climazol, panthenol, inulin);
- Bifon(citric acid, bifonazole, menthol);
- (salicylic acid, glucocorticosteroid);
- (pomegranate extract);
- (salicylic acid, zinc).
Healing ointments
The paste is produced in 2 versions: for prevention (1%) and treatment (2%). The active substance is selenium disulfide. It is a universal remedy for various types of dandruff and seborrhea. Various regimens and doses are also used for treatment.. The course of treatment is at least a week.
Salicylic ointment (1-5%) is used for oily dandruff or seborrhea with severe dermatitis. The use of the remedy (schedule) is discussed only with the doctor.
Sulfur ointments are used only in extreme cases, if other methods do not help (scabies, psoriasis, mycosis). The agent is kept for no more than 5 minutes. It can be replaced with sulfur-containing preparations, represented by olimetin, Wilkinson's ointment, sulfur-salicylic and sulfur-tar ointments. 
vitamins
In the treatment of dandruff, an abundant intake of vitamins is required. A, B, C, D and E. You can also rub vitamins from ampoules into the scalp or add them to masks (more effective).
As specially designed anti-dandruff vitamin complexes are used:
- Pantovigar for hair and nails;
- Aminexil Pro;
- ;
Based on the use of exfoliating agents with an antiseptic effect. The main components of the masks are clay, henna, soda, laundry and tar soap, onion, garlic, aloe and honey.
For oily kefir masks, apple cider vinegar, lemon juice or herbal decoctions (chamomile, nettle, burdock root, calendula) act as ingredients. 
Especially popular among the people are medicinal products based on oils.. In the treatment of dandruff, rosemary, geranium, horsetail, lavender oils, as well as coconut, castor, burdock and orange oils are highly effective.
Alcohol tinctures from pharmacies are often used (calendula, nettle).
Recipe 1.
Beat two eggs with 50 ml warm water. Apply the mixture to the scalp 10 minutes.
Recipe 2.
2 tsp orange juice and aloe are mixed with egg yolk. The mixture is kept for 40 min. Rinse your hair with a decoction of horsetail.
Recipe 3.
2 tbsp chamomile brewed in 1 l. water(5 minutes over low heat). The cooled decoction is rubbed into the scalp after each hair wash.
Important. To treat dandruff, you need to take flaxseed oil orally. It helps restore metabolism.
The main cause of dandruff is a fungus. To prevent the appearance of white flakes, hygiene rules must be observed.
Combs should be treated with an antiseptic before each use. Wearing other people's hats can also affect the condition of the hair.
Another cause of dandruff can be the frequent use of hair dryers and irons. Styling products clog pores and sebaceous ducts under the influence of hot air.
Such dandruff can develop into a chronic form. You need to style your hair using ordinary hairstyles using hairpins and hairpins.
It is also worth paying attention to the selection of personal cosmetics for hair (). Organic shampoos and masks strengthen hair follicles and do not affect the acid-base balance of the skin. So any malfunction of the sebaceous glands (dandruff) will indicate a hormonal failure or a fungus.
In the fresh air at any time of the year, you should wear a hat to protect against ultraviolet radiation and frost.
Additional prevention of dandruff is a balanced diet and an active lifestyle.
Modern pharmacology and the beauty industry can offer many options for solving the problem of dandruff.
In order to find the right product, it is not necessary to test all brands and brands. It is best to consult a dermatologist and trichologist who will prescribe an effective remedy after computer diagnostics of hair and hormone tests.
Dandruff is an annoying problem, but it can be treated. There are many effective formulations that you can buy or make yourself. If pharmacy products do not help, then traditional medicine is used.
The cause of the unfortunate phenomenon is considered to be a conditionally pathogenic microorganism called Malassezia Furfur. This type of yeast lives on the skin of most people. Under the influence of adverse factors, it is activated and causes unpleasant symptoms. Medicines and cosmetics will help get rid of them, although many today prefer drugs of natural origin.
Dandruff on the head: causes
A number of factors that are associated with internal processes in the body lead to the formation of white flakes. Most often, the appearance is caused by the following reasons:
- smoking,
- endocrine disorders,
- improper care
- decreased immunity,
- unbalanced diet,
- lack of vitamins
- skin diseases,
- stress,
- digestive problems.
Dandruff appeared: what to do?
Having found a cosmetic flaw, you should not be upset and succumb to despondency. First of all, you should reconsider your lifestyle, eliminate stress, balance nutrition. If this does not help, then you need to visit a trichologist, be examined and identify the cause. The doctor will prescribe a treatment that can be supplemented with simple formulations. Before using traditional medicine recipes, you should get the approval of a specialist.
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How to get rid of dandruff on your head quickly at home is not the question that a person who first discovered white flakes on his shoulders should ask himself. It is much more important to understand what causes it. The presence of scales indicates violations in the body that require correction. This should be done under the supervision of a physician, and all the recommendations below are given for informational purposes only.
Folk remedies for dandruff at home include masks, wraps, compresses, rinses that eliminate harmful microorganisms, regulate sebum production and improve hair growth.
How to quickly get rid of dandruff at home in 1 day?
It is possible to fix the problem in a short time. The easier it is to do this, the less the situation is running. Proven remedies are suitable for treatment, as well as everything that helps with dandruff on the head at home quickly and effectively.
colorless henna
Bar and powder henna - the best remedy for dandruff
According to numerous positive reviews, Iranian henna is the best remedy for dandruff. There is colorless henna and one that colors. The powder is dry crushed leaves of non-thorny lavsonia - a shrub common in Africa and Asia. Its application consists of several steps:
- pour the contents of one package with hot water to a consistency resembling sour cream;
- wait a few minutes until the gruel cools to a comfortable temperature;
- spread evenly over the surface;
- cover the head with polyethylene, tie with a scarf;
- wait 20-30 minutes;
- wash off with warm water.
Nettle decoction
Nettle is a well-known medicinal plant that is used to strengthen strands and get rid of peeling. For those who do not know how to get rid of dandruff in 1 day, it can be a real salvation. A decoction is prepared from fresh or dried leaves. The easiest way is to use filter bags from a pharmacy. Two such bags are poured with two or three glasses of boiling water, insisted for half an hour. The resulting liquid rinses the head after washing twice a week, but even one procedure will give a noticeable effect.
Nettle decoction from pharmacy filter bags
mustard oil mask
Cold pressed oil has a rich composition and has a beneficial effect on the skin. Thanks to phytosterols, it has a bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effect. The oil helps fight fungus, irritations, infections, relieves itching and flaking. The procedure is carried out in the same way as in the previous case. Mustard oil strengthens hair follicles, accelerates hair growth.
Burdock oil mask
The product is used alone or in combination with other ingredients. Burdock oil for dandruff is a remedy that has been tested by generations. Buy it at a pharmacy or natural food store. Procedure:
- oil is applied to the surface with a dispenser or hands, carefully treating each area;
- rub for a few minutes with massaging movements;
- hold from 30 minutes to 2 hours, without covering with anything;
- wash off with shampoo.
The procedure is repeated twice a week, although the result will be noticeable after the first time.
prevention, orhow to get rid of dandruff on the head at home quickly and permanently?
After getting rid of the problem, do not relax. For a long-term effect, it is not enough to know how to get rid of dandruff on the head quickly and eliminate the first symptoms that signal problems in the body. It is necessary to constantly maintain health and take measures so that the flakes do not appear again. The problem may return, so it is important to observe the following rules:
- avoid spicy, fatty, sweet foods;
- enrich the diet with fresh fruits and vegetables;
- regularly eat cereals, meat, fish;
- identify allergens, eliminate their effects;
- strengthen the nervous system, avoid severe stress;
- sleep at least 8 hours a day.
How to get rid of dandruff with folk remedies at home?
Proven generations of formulations have proven their effectiveness more than once. At all times, people have known what helps with dandruff. , and use available products. Recipes that are easy to prepare yourself, have a natural composition. They are suitable at the initial stage of the disease, when the problem has not yet started.
Burdock root decoction
The plant contains a rich set of vitamins, tannins, essential oil. Rinsing with a natural remedy fills the hair with vitality. The phytoncides included in its composition relieve harmful microorganisms.
Fresh roots are washed, cleaned, crushed. It is permissible to use dried raw materials. For one tablespoon take two cups of boiling water. Everything is placed in a thermos, insist 1-2 hours. The resulting liquid is filtered, diluted with water and used for rinsing. It is not necessary to wash off the decoction.
It is enough to repeat the procedure 1-2 times a week. As a result, fragility disappears, the fat balance is restored, the ends stop splitting.
Mustard for dandruff
Mustard powder for dandruff
The mask is effective for oily seborrheic dermatitis. It dries up and gets rid of fungus. The mask is not suitable for sensitive skin, a tendency to allergic reactions. Here is the easiest recipe:
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- Pour 30 grams of mustard powder with warm water until a thick consistency is formed.
- Lubricate the skin with olive oil.
- Rub the mass into the roots.
- The mask is kept for no more than 10 minutes, then washed off. If there is a strong burning sensation, then you will have to wash off the composition immediately.
Mustard powder stimulates the growth of curls, has antiseptic properties. It activates blood circulation, warms, so for those who suffer from hypertension or are prone to headaches, the method is not suitable.
Tar soap
It has antifungal and anti-inflammatory action. It should be used no more than once a week, so as not to overdry the body. To do this, take a piece in hand, beat the foam and carefully lather the surface. After that, a light massage is performed for 3-4 minutes, rubbing the foam in a circular motion, and then washed off.
Whether tar soap will help with dandruff depends on the condition of the hair and the degree of neglect of the problem. Soap dries out the skin, making it more sensitive. With dry peeling, it is better not to use it, so as not to worsen the situation.
Dandruff is afraid of tar soap
Coconut oil for dandruff
The healing product will be useful for skin itching, peeling, increased dryness. The oil provides hydration, intensively nourishes the cells, normalizes the microflora of the affected area. It contains vitamins, mineral components that are involved in metabolic processes, improve the condition of the epidermis, relieve brittleness and give the hair a natural shine.
For recovery, a natural unrefined product, devoid of preservatives, is used. It is heated in a water bath, applied to dirty curls with your hands and left overnight. To enhance the action, the head is covered with a scarf or cap. Wash off the mask with shampoo.
Apple cider vinegar for dandruff and itching
The natural product has healing power, inhibits the reproduction of the fungus, strengthens the bulbs. To do this, it is important to purchase natural vinegar made from apples, and not table vinegar. Rinsing makes the curls smooth and silky, and the unfortunate scales disappear after 3-4 applications.
Dandruff doesn't like apple cider vinegar
To prepare the solution, take 2-3 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar and dilute with 1.5 liters of warm water. The resulting liquid is treated with hair after washing, making light massage movements for 3-4 minutes. At the end of the procedure, the composition is washed off with clean water.
In order for the skin to always be healthy, you must follow simple rules:
- do not comb wet strands;
- less use of a hair dryer;
- do not apply shampoo to curls, but first lather in your hands;
- washing should be carried out no more than once every three days;
- avoid nervous and physical overload;
- regularly visit the fresh air;
- eat fully.
Following these recommendations will help you understand how to get rid of dandruff on your head quickly and permanently. To forget about white flakes, it is necessary not only to use folk remedies, but also to strengthen the entire body. If you have any health problems, do not postpone a visit to the doctor. Maintaining immunity, good digestion, elimination of vitamin deficiency and hormonal imbalance - all this will reliably protect against problems and maintain a beautiful appearance.
