"Stick" - the place where the valves and the piston meet cannot be changed.
There were no problems with valve bending when the piston and valve met on VAZ engines - it coped with its task perfectly. But the appearance of front-wheel drive models required new engines, since the Zhiguli engine was with a chain in the block, its dimensions were not suitable for transverse installation. With the help of Porsche specialists, a 1.1 liter engine was developed. with a timing belt and an aluminum block installed transversely. It all started with him.
With the use of the timing belt, there was a risk of breaking it, which means that it could happen " stick". But on the first engines complying with Euro 2, there was no such problem - the belt sometimes broke, but without consequences. The distance between the valves and the piston was sufficient, and during desynchronization, the piston did not reach the valve.
With the advent of Euro 3 standards, a broken belt began to lead to a "meeting" of valves and a piston: the motor, "strangled" by eco-standards, needed to compensate for the loss of power. This can be achieved by increasing the compression ratio. The piston at its top dead center (TDC) has become closer to the valves. It turns out that as a result of the race for better ecology and power, almost all cases of belt breaks began to lead to bending of the valves.
It happens as follows: the timing belt breaks - the camshaft stops, but not immediately, but rotates in the same mode. The piston goes up and meets a stuck valve at TDC. Impact - the valve is bent in a weak spot, under the "plate". The car cannot move further.
In the best case, 1-2 valves suffer, but in the worst case, everything. Repair involves and. The pleasure is not cheap, and most importantly - unpleasant, because who likes to open a generally serviceable engine?
How to avoid
Often " pluglessness»Is achieved by using non-standard pistons with special milled sections on the piston bottom to match the valve shape. VAZ has such engine modifications. As a rule, these are eight valves. Also, third party milled pistons are used.
The inevitable increase in the combustion chamber, which can cause the engine to dull due to a decrease in the compression ratio, is compensated by the stamping on the piston bottom. However, as practice shows, this measure does not always save the piston and valve from "meeting". We list those motors that, according to the manufacturer, are devoid of the risk of a collision between the piston and valves:
VAZ 2111;
VAZ 21083;
3;
VAZ 21124;
VAZ 2113;
VAZ 11183;
.
But the only reliable remedy is timely. It's just that in the case of a VAZ, it should be done more often than the manufacturer recommends. By the way, there are also “risky” internal combustion engines in foreign cars, but correct operation and timely service negate the negative statistics of “plugs”.
When buying a car, not all motorists are interested in whether the power plant installed on the car is "plug-in" ie. whether the valve bends on it when the timing is broken. And this question is quite important and the answer to it depends on how laborious and how much it will cost to repair the engine in the event of such a breakdown.
What is a plug-in motor?
This concept characterizes the likelihood of collision of pistons with valves, as a result of which the latter are damaged - they bend.
This situation arises when the timing drive is broken, when the gas distribution mechanism stops, and the crank continues to operate by inertia.
"Plug-in" and "non-plug" power units are in the lineup of almost all car manufacturers, including VAZ. In this case, the second option of engines, of course, is a higher priority when choosing a car.
If we consider the products of AvtoVAZ, then this manufacturer has a fairly extensive line of power plants, and in some motors, when the timing drive is broken, the valve bends, while in others such a breakdown does not occur.
The problem when choosing a VAZ car for purchase is the fact that both "plug-in" and "non-plug" units can be installed on the same model, which can confuse the buyer.
What engines are on some VAZ models, see below.
It is worth noting that the type of timing drive affects the likelihood of valve bending. For example, on the VAZ of the classic family (VAZ-2101-2107) as well as the "Niva", only "plug-in" engines were installed. But on the motors of these cars, a timing chain drive is used, which is highly reliable. Therefore, on classic VAZ and Niva, the problem with valve bending due to a collision with the piston is, in fact, not relevant due to the low probability of its occurrence.
Starting with the VAZ-2108 and ending with the latest models - "Priora", "Grant", "Kalina", etc., only the timing belt drive is used. Here it can break off and the damage that the motor will receive depends on whether it is "plug-in" or not.
Why do engines bend valves?
One of the ways is to ensure the most efficient filling of the combustion chambers with a fuel-air mixture and the removal of exhaust gases. And this is done in two ways - by increasing the number of valves per cylinder and increasing the throughput of the intake and exhaust ports.
The second method is realized by increasing the distance of the valve exit from the seat, and it is this that causes it to collide with the piston, followed by bending.
Thanks to the drive of the gas distribution mechanism from the crankshaft, synchronous operation of the timing and KShM is ensured. During normal operation of the power unit, on the approach of the piston to the TDC, the valves are in the closed position, which excludes their contact.
If the drive of the gas distribution mechanism is cut off, the connection between the mechanisms is lost, and the timing stops immediately, and the KShM continues to function (due to the inertia of the flywheel). In this case, the return valve springs set the camshaft in a position in which most of the cams of the shaft do not press on the valves (they are closed), but some of them still turn so that they act on the valves and the latter turn out to be open.
In "non-stick" engines, it is structurally provided to maintain the distance between the valve plate and the piston crown, which is at TDC, therefore, even with the valves open, contact does not occur.
On these power plants, a break in the gas distribution mechanism drive does not lead to any internal damage to units and parts, and to restore the power unit's performance, it is enough to install a new belt and perform adjustment work (set everything according to the marks).
But if the power plant is "plug-in", strongly protruding valves collide with the piston, which leads to their bending. On such motors, a break in the timing drive is usually accompanied by a strong single knock. In this case, engine repair is laborious and expensive, since it is necessary to change damaged parts and restore the cylinder head.
On VAZ power units subject to valve bending when the drive is broken, timely and periodic diagnostics of its condition, checking and adjusting the tension are especially relevant. Such measures are practically the only ones to prevent valve breakage.
VAZ engines - "non-stick" and "risky"
Since several power plants are installed on each of the VAZ models, it is important to know which of them are "plug-in".
As already noted, on the classic VAZ (2101-2107) and VAZ "Niva" power units were installed, in which the valves bend. But since the timing drive on these motors is a chain drive, "sticking" can be disregarded.
Samara
On cars of the "Samara" family (VAZ 2108-21099) were installed:
- Units marked VAZ 21081, 2108 (carburetor and injection);
- Motors 21083, 21091;
- 8-valve VAZ-2111 (models of later years of production).
Of these, units 21083 and 2111 did not bend the valves when the timing belt broke, but versions 21081 and 2108 were "risky".
VAZ 2110-2112
On the models of the 10th family (VAZ-2110-2112), the line of power plants is even more extensive. Some units were installed on all cars of this family, and some were offered only for certain models.
Common to all models were motors with indices VAZ-2110, 2111 (8-valve), 2112, 21114, 21124. Of these, the VAZ-2112 and 21114 engines are "plug-in", and the rest of the valves are not bent.
In addition, the VAZ-2112 model car was equipped with a VAZ-21128 power unit, which is also "risky" and if the timing belt breaks, it bends the valves.
Samara-2
Cars of the Samara-2 family, to which the VAZ 2113-2115 models belong, are equipped with units of the VAZ-2111, 21114, 21124 and 21126 brands. Of these, only the VAZ-2111 and 21124 engines are “risk-free”.
Also, for the VAZ-2113 and 2115 versions, a motor with an index of 11183 was offered, in which a broken belt does not lead to bending of the valves.
"Granta", "Kalina", "Priora"
Lada "Granta" is equipped with a line of installations of the following brands: 11183, 11186, 21126 and 21128. The latter two of them are also equipped with the version of "Grant Sport". Of all the motors, only version 11183 is "non-stick", the rest are bent valves.
For Lada Kalina, engines of the brands VAZ 11183, 11186, 11194, 21126 and 21127 are offered. The latter two units are also installed on the Kalina Sport model, and the Cross version is equipped with engines 21127 and 11186. Of the entire line, only the VAZ-11183 engine does not bend the valves when the timing belt breaks.
Lada "Priora" is equipped with installations with indexes 21114, 21116, 21126 and 21127. All these motors are "plug-in".
Note that only the main brands of power plants are indicated above, with which certain models are equipped. But AvtoVAZ almost always “sins” with experimental small-scale production, when units that are uncharacteristic for it are installed on some cars.
For example, an engine with an identical index was installed on the VAZ-2109, which differs from version 2108 in a lightweight design, and a small series of VAZ-2108 was completely equipped with a rotary installation marked VAZ-415.
READ BY TOPIC: Other characteristic and other models in the series.
Foreign cars
Let's touch on the topic of foreign cars a little. Below is shown on which engines from Toyota, Suzuki, Daewoo, Chevrolet, Citroen, Hyundai, Renault, Volvo, Kia, Fiat, Mercedes, Peugeot, Honda, Ford, Geely, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Audi, Volkswagen, Skoda, Opel, Lifan, Chery, Mazda, Subaru bending the valve.
Determine which engine is risky
A large number of VAZ power units and the likelihood of falling into an experimental model makes it difficult to determine whether the engine on a particular car is "plug-in". Moreover, even studying those. the documentation does not always give a reliable answer.
To determine whether the valve bends on the engine, it is only possible to check it physically. This operation is not entirely simple, especially for 16-valve units, but it allows you to accurately establish their susceptibility to valve bending.
This method is suitable for checking cars from other manufacturers.
The verification work algorithm is very simple:
- Remove the timing belt from the engine;
- Install the piston of the first cylinder at TDC;
- We turn the camshaft (16-valve version - two) two turns;
- We set the TDC on the second cylinder and again make two turns.
If, during the check, the camshafts rotated without stopping, the engine does not bend the valves.
Although this method of verification is laborious - it is necessary to disassemble the timing drive, then reassemble, set according to the marks, but it gives an exact answer.
Ways to solve the problem
Since the collision of pistons with valves has rather serious negative consequences, many motorists are interested in whether this situation can be influenced.
There are several methods that make it possible to make a valve-bending motor into a "plug-free" one.
The simplest of these is the installation of grooved pistons. By the way, on some VAZ engines this is exactly how the problem with "sticking" is solved.
On the bottom of such pistons there are special recesses for valve discs. Due to this, the latter in the open position do not come into contact with the pistons installed at TDC.
But not all motors can be modernized in this way, for the reason that it is not always possible to find pistons with factory-made grooves to replace the "native" ones.
The second method is to make the grooves on the piston yourself. This method is suitable for those who have not found "non-stick" replacement pistons. But this method has a significant drawback - it is very difficult to make the same indentations on all pistons. As a result, an imbalance of pistons by weight may form, which will affect the resource of the KShM. Also, grooves of different sizes can cause, and this problem cannot be eliminated.
The third method is to increase the height of the combustion chamber. This is done by installing 2-3 gaskets under the block head. This method has a negative side - an increase in the volume of the combustion chamber, which entails a fall, and as a result - a decrease in power and an increase in fuel consumption.
Tuning and its impact on "sticking"
VAZ is an excellent option for, which many owners use. One of the main types is to increase its power, and this is done in the same way that designers use - ensuring better filling of the cylinders with an air-fuel mixture. To do this, it is enough just to install a tuning camshaft instead of a standard camshaft - with a higher cam height.
But the increase in power with the help of the tuning shaft also has a negative side - the valves leave the seats for a greater distance, which means that they are more likely to collide with the pistons when the timing drive is broken. Therefore, such tuning makes even a "risk-free" motor "plug-in".
In order not to make the engine "risky", during tuning it is better not to make adjustments to the timing design, but if it is decided to make an upgrade, then you should be ready to constantly monitor the state of the drive.
Finally, we note that if the engine is "plug-in", this does not mean that it is very problematic. With timely maintenance of the timing drive, the likelihood of such a breakdown as valve bending is very low and it may not occur throughout the entire period of vehicle operation.
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On what motor VAZ valve bends
Many motorists are interested in this question, on which cars, or rather engines, valve bends at broken belt Timing? It is not difficult to figure out these engine modifications.
Let's start in order. When the first VAZ 2110 cars appeared, then 8-valve engines were installed on them, with a volume of 1.5 and later with a volume of 1.6 liters. On such engines, in the event of a belt break, the valve did not bend, because the pistons did not meet the valves.
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A little later, in the tenth VAZ family, a VAZ 2112 car appeared with a 16-valve engine, with a volume of 1.5 liters. Here the first obstacles for the first owners of these cars also began. The design of the motor has changed quite a lot, thanks to the 16-valve head, and the power of this motor has increased from 76 horsepower to 92 hp. But in addition to the advantages of such a motor, there were also shortcomings. Specifically, for broken belt Timing on such engines, the pistons met with the valves, as a result of which the valve bent. And after all this, the owners of cars with such engines expected expensive repairs, which would cost more than 10,000 rubles.
The reason for such a breakdown, like bent valves, is in the design of a 1.5 16-valve motor: in such motors, the pistons do not have recesses for the valves, as a result of which, when the belt breaks, the pistons beat on the valves and the valves are bent.
On what VAZ engines does the valve bend?
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WHAT ENGINE DOES A VALVE, AND WHAT DOES NOT!
WHICH THE ENGINE BELTS THE VALVE, WHAT IS NOT ON - in this video I show how, without delving into any technical.
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A little later, new 16-valve engines with a volume of 1.6 liters began to be installed on the same VAZ 2112 cars. The design of such engines was not much different from the previous ones with a volume of 1.5 liters, but there is one fundamental difference. In a new engine, the pistons are already installed with grooves, so if the timing belt breaks, the pistons will no longer meet the valves, which means that expensive repairs can be avoided.
A couple of years have passed, and Russian car owners are already accustomed to the fact that 16-valve engines have become reliable, so to speak, injury-safe in relation to the valves. But a new car came off the assembly line, one might say a refreshed 10-ka Lada Priora. All owners thought that since the Priors had a 16-valve engine volume of 1.6 liters, then the valve bend will not. But as practice has shown, in cases of a break in the timing belt on the Lada Priora, the valves meet with the pistons and bend them. And repair for such engines will be even more expensive than on the twelfth engines. Undoubtedly, the possibility that the belt will break on the Priora is not the highest, because the timing belt is actually twice as wide as on the twelfth engines. But, if you come across a defective belt, then the possibility of a belt breaking increases significantly and it is simply unrealistic to find out when a break will occur.
Also, on new engines that are installed on: 1.4 16-valves, there is also the same problem, when the belt breaks, expensive repairs cannot be avoided. So, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the timing belt at all times. Muting the EGR valve (EGR) on the Nexia Muting the EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) valve on the A15MF engine (16-valve Nexia N-100). The EGR valve (EGR) is used to reduce the toxicity of exhaust on 16-valve Nexia engines by diluting the freshest air-fuel consistency with exhaust gases taken from the exhaust ...
Of course, for many experienced car owners, the question such as "is the valve bending on the Priore" has long been studied. But there are many newcomers among drivers who do not have information on this matter. It is for such motorists that this post will be written.
It is worth noting that several engine modifications were installed on Lada Priora cars. And of course, the answer to the question about bent valves will depend on which power unit is installed on your car.
On what engines does the Priory bend the valve?
- VAZ 21126 is a classic Priorovsky engine, which was the first on these machines. Thanks to changes in the design, namely, the lightening of the connecting rod-piston group, there is no room for valve recesses in the pistons. As a result, when the timing belt breaks, which sometimes happens on the Priore, the valves are bent, and sometimes even the pistons are damaged.
- The VAZ 21116 engine is a simpler 8-valve engine that Priore got from Grants. In appearance, it practically does not differ from a conventional 8-valve injection valve, but inside there are again lightweight pistons, which leads to the already familiar consequences in the event of a timing belt breaking - the valve bends. But it is worth noting that the load on the timing for 8-valve engines is slightly lower than for 16-cl., And such problems are less common on such power units.
- VAZ 21127 is an improved 126 engine, which develops not 98, but as much as 106 hp. Of course, here, too, the valve bends when they meet the pistons, because having increased the power, it was impossible to increase the pistons at the same time in order to make the necessary recesses. In fact, the piston remained the same, and the changes affected only the intake receiver.
On what engines does the valve not bend when the timing belt breaks?
It so happened that only one engine was available for Priora, which did not suffer from a problem with valve bending. This is model 21114, which was mainly installed only on the "standard" package, that is, the cheapest versions. But in recent years, it is simply impossible to find Priora with such motors, since this reliable unit was replaced by the 116th from Grants.
In general, everything leads to the fact that the piston group is constantly being lightened, modified, making the engines more powerful and at the same time economical. And of course, this happens to the detriment of the reliability and reliability of the motor when the timing belt breaks. Well, to make sure that the valve bends on the Priora, you can watch a special video review below, which even shows an example with a belt that just jumped over several teeth.
As you can see, even when the belt jumps over several teeth, all the intake valves have already turned out to be bent. I think that the answer to the questions on this topic has been received and if you have something to add in essence, you can unsubscribe below in the comments.
Once I wrote about the engines "PRIORA", I was asked - "", read it very informative. In this article, I promised to talk about the very principle of why this happens on some engines and not on others. In general, about the breakdown process itself, today I will try to sort everything out on the shelves, just for you "beginners". I will not delay, let's go ...
So the valve is part G azorasp R a separate m car mechanism (timing). It should be noted that the part is quite important, without them there would be no exhaust gases release, and compression in the cylinders would not be created during fuel injection and ignition. In modern engines, their number varies from 8 to 32. But in most, variants with are used, they are the most common of all.
Principle of operation
"Makes" them work to open and close the camshaft, which is located on top, in the head of the block.
It spins up and, thanks to special ovals, presses on the valve - it opens, or releases it - it closes. In turn, the camshaft runs on a belt or chain drive from the crankshaft.
The distribution and the crankshaft are necessarily synchronized so that the opening of the valves and the movement of the piston coincide in a certain sequence - when the piston goes down, the valves open ("sink" into the chamber), when the piston goes up, they close (go up), thus creating pressure in the combustion chamber, then the candles ignite the mixture and the piston goes down under pressure. This cycle is repeated many times. Here is a short video clip of work for understanding.
This is a perfectly working scheme, with proper maintenance (timely replacement) everything will travel many thousands of kilometers.
The reason why the valve bends
I would like to note that it can be either 8 or 16 valve engine. The reason is simple - it is a broken belt or timing chain. For the sake of fairness, it is worth noting that the "chain" very rarely breaks, it basically stretches out and the "hook" sprockets begin to jump, which may also be the reason.
When a break occurs, the camshaft stops abruptly, but the crankshaft continues to push the pistons. Thus, the valves are lowered and "drowned" into the combustion chamber, the piston also goes up - which should not be the case during normal operation. They meet at the "high point" and the piston, possessing high energy, simply bends or breaks the valve. As you can see, everything is quite commonplace.
Such a breakdown is very expensive - you need to "half" the motor and pull out the bent elements, sometimes even the block head itself suffers (but rarely), so it will also need to be changed. You can also find damage to the pistons (the valve breaks it), but here it is even more serious, it will be necessary to remove the camshaft and pistons with "connecting rods".
Why does the belt tear and how to protect yourself from it
1) The most common reason is simply not following the manufacturer's instructions for replacing the belt. As a rule, if you have a warranty car, then the replacement will be under warranty, but if you service it yourself, then many people forget or save on replacement. It "comes out" sideways.
2) Poor-quality belt, now there are just a lot of fakes, especially for our VAZ. In fact, they don't even walk 5,000 kilometers (they were in a company car several times), so take the best proven options. Or change to a service station with a guarantee.
3) The pump fails. In some car models, it is also in the engagement of the belt and if it fails, then it will simply wedge, it will wipe the belt in a matter of hours.
4) The camshaft itself wears out. It is made of metal and it is clear that after some time it will wear out (it can jam), although a very long time must pass (high mileage).
5) Timing system tension rollers fail. They can fall off, they can get jammed - in any case, the belt will either break or it will fly off - there is one end, the valve will bend.
The guys are only protected here. Change the belt in time, as well as the tension rollers and other elements of this system, which are assigned to you according to the regulations. Take "consumables" at official or verified store stations, because fakes are sold much less than originals, here you risk every thousand kilometers, in general, a belt is not a spare part that is worth saving on.
Are there options that don't bend?
Of course there is, but now they are very rare. Once again I advise you - there are models of motors that have not been "bent" before. However, unfortunately, there are practically no such people now. Therefore, many are doing - such tuning of power units.
The bottom line is also banal, simple - instead of conventional pistons, they are installed. Then, even if a break occurs, the valves will simply fall into these pits and nothing terrible will happen. You will need to install a new belt and synchronize the camshafts and crankshafts.
“Great,” you say. BUT why, then, such pistons are not put on all models? After all, this is 100% protection.
Again, everything is simple - such pistons eat up part of the engine's power, and decently. There are still debates about "how much." Some say that by about 5 - 7%, and this is excuse me - GREAT! The thing is that such a piston is heavier, and the compression is not as effective. That is why many have rejected this decision. Many - but not all!
