Use of electricity The main consumer of electricity is industry, which accounts for about 70% of the electricity produced. Transport is also a major consumer. An increasing number of railway lines are being converted to electric traction.
About a third of the electricity consumed by industry is used for technological purposes (electric welding, electrical heating and melting of metals, electrolysis, etc.). Modern civilization is unthinkable without the widespread use of electricity. A disruption in the power supply to a large city during an accident paralyzes his life.
Electricity transmission Electricity consumers are everywhere. It is produced in relatively few places close to sources of fuel and hydro resources. Electricity cannot be conserved on a large scale. It must be consumed immediately upon receipt. Therefore, there is a need to transmit electricity over long distances.
Energy transfer is associated with noticeable losses. The fact is that electric current heats the wires of power lines. In accordance with the Joule-Lenz law, the energy spent on heating the line wires is determined by the formula where R is the line resistance.
Since current power is proportional to the product of current and voltage, to maintain the transmitted power, it is necessary to increase the voltage in the transmission line. The longer the transmission line, the more beneficial it is to use a higher voltage. Thus, in the high-voltage transmission line Volzhskaya HPP - Moscow and some others, a voltage of 500 kV is used. Meanwhile, alternating current generators are built for voltages not exceeding kV.
Higher voltages would require complex special measures to insulate the windings and other parts of the generators. That's why step-up transformers are installed at large power plants. To directly use electricity in the electric drive motors of machine tools, in the lighting network and for other purposes, the voltage at the ends of the line must be reduced. This is achieved using step-down transformers.
Recently, due to environmental problems, the shortage of fossil fuels and its uneven geographical distribution, it has become expedient to generate electricity using wind power plants, solar panels, and small gas generators.
Use of electricity The main consumer of electricity is industry, which accounts for about 70% of the electricity produced. Transport is also a major consumer. An increasing number of railway lines are being converted to electric traction.
About a third of the electricity consumed by industry is used for technological purposes (electric welding, electrical heating and melting of metals, electrolysis, etc.). Modern civilization is unthinkable without the widespread use of electricity. A disruption in the power supply to a large city during an accident paralyzes his life.
Electricity transmission Electricity consumers are everywhere. It is produced in relatively few places close to sources of fuel and hydro resources. Electricity cannot be conserved on a large scale. It must be consumed immediately upon receipt. Therefore, there is a need to transmit electricity over long distances.
Energy transfer is associated with noticeable losses. The fact is that electric current heats the wires of power lines. In accordance with the Joule-Lenz law, the energy spent on heating the line wires is determined by the formula where R is the line resistance.
Since current power is proportional to the product of current and voltage, to maintain the transmitted power, it is necessary to increase the voltage in the transmission line. The longer the transmission line, the more beneficial it is to use a higher voltage. Thus, in the high-voltage transmission line Volzhskaya HPP - Moscow and some others, a voltage of 500 kV is used. Meanwhile, alternating current generators are built for voltages not exceeding kV.
Higher voltages would require complex special measures to insulate the windings and other parts of the generators. That's why step-up transformers are installed at large power plants. To directly use electricity in the electric drive motors of machine tools, in the lighting network and for other purposes, the voltage at the ends of the line must be reduced. This is achieved using step-down transformers.
Recently, due to environmental problems, the shortage of fossil fuels and its uneven geographical distribution, it has become expedient to generate electricity using wind power plants, solar panels, and small gas generators.
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Work of students of grade 11 B of School No. 288 in Zaozersk Erina Maria and Staritsyna Svetlana
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Electricity is a physical term widely used in technology and in everyday life to determine the amount of electrical energy supplied by a generator to the electrical network or received from the network by a consumer. Electrical energy is also a product that is purchased by participants in the wholesale market from generating companies and consumers of electrical energy on the retail market from energy sales companies.
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There are several ways to create electricity: Various power plants (hydroelectric power plant, nuclear power plant, thermal power plant, power plant...) As well as alternative sources (solar energy, wind energy, Earth energy)
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Thermal power plant (TPP), a power plant that generates electrical energy as a result of the conversion of thermal energy released during the combustion of fossil fuels. The first thermal power plants appeared at the end of the 19th century and became widespread. In the mid-70s of the 20th century, thermal power plants were the main type of power plants. In thermal power plants, the chemical energy of the fuel is converted first into mechanical energy and then into electrical energy. The fuel for such a power plant can be coal, peat, gas, oil shale, and fuel oil.
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Hydroelectric station (HPP), a complex of structures and equipment through which the energy of water flow is converted into electrical energy. A hydroelectric power station consists of a sequential chain of hydraulic structures that provide the necessary concentration of water flow and the creation of pressure, and energy equipment that converts the energy of water moving under pressure into mechanical rotational energy, which, in turn, is converted into electrical energy.
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Nuclear power plant is a power plant in which nuclear energy is converted into electrical energy. The energy generator at a nuclear power plant is a nuclear reactor. The heat that is released in the reactor as a result of a chain reaction of fission of the nuclei of some heavy elements is then converted into electricity in the same way as in conventional thermal power plants. Unlike thermal power plants that run on fossil fuels, nuclear power plants run on nuclear fuel.
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About 80% of the growth in GDP (gross domestic product) of developed countries is achieved through technical innovation, the main part of which is related to the use of electricity. Everything new in industry, agriculture and everyday life comes to us thanks to new developments in various branches of science. Modern society cannot be imagined without the electrification of production activities. Already at the end of the 80s, more than 1/3 of all energy consumption in the world was carried out in the form of electrical energy. By the beginning of the next century, this share may increase to 1/2. This increase in electricity consumption is primarily associated with an increase in its consumption in industry.
8 slide
This raises the problem of efficient use of this energy. When transmitting electricity over long distances, from producer to consumer, heat losses along the transmission line increase in proportion to the square of the current, i.e. if the current doubles, then heat losses increase 4 times. Therefore, it is desirable that the current in the lines is small. To do this, the voltage on the transmission line is increased. Electricity is transmitted through lines where the voltage reaches hundreds of thousands of volts. Near cities that receive energy from transmission lines, this voltage is raised to several thousand volts using a step-down transformer. In the city itself, at substations the voltage drops to 220 volts.
Slide 9
Our country occupies a large territory, almost 12 time zones. This means that while in some regions electricity consumption is at its maximum, in others the working day has already ended and consumption is decreasing. For the rational use of electricity generated by power plants, they are united into electric power systems of individual regions: the European part, Siberia, the Urals, the Far East, etc. This unification allows for more efficient use of electricity by coordinating the operation of individual power plants. Now various energy systems are united into a single energy system of Russia.
"Distributed generation" - Reliable solutions. Highest efficiency in class. Ensuring the BMW plant's own production needs. Work on non-standard gas fuel. Engine container solution. Equipment. Urgent input of power. Gas engines. Stable growth in the share of small-scale generation. GE Power & Water. Solutions for distributed generation.
“Power Lines” - Solve the problem. Electricity consumers. Length of lines. Electric current heats the wires. The end. Electrical stations. Step-up transformers. Electricity transmission diagram. Electricity transmission. Transformation coefficient.
“Electric energy production” - Wind power plant. Flaws. Energy of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Hydroelectric power station. Solar power plant. Thermal power plant. Production of electrical energy. Tidal power station. Wind farm. PES. NPP. Solar radiation energy. Hydroelectric power station. A nuclear power plant uses the energy of nuclear fuel to generate steam.
"Electricity in Moscow" - Renewable energy sources - RES. Prospects. Tariff menu. Green suppliers. Price dynamics. Green energy project at MES. Organization of a project to sell electricity to customers. Work organization. Classification of renewable energy sources. Certificate. Moscow region.
"Electric power" - Fluctuations in water levels near the shore can reach 13 meters. The first geothermal power plant was built in 1966 in Kamchatka, in the Pauzhetka River valley. Solar energy uses an inexhaustible source of energy and is environmentally friendly, that is, it does not produce harmful waste. Use of renewable energy sources in the electric power industry.
Sort things according to material. Tidal ES. Energy of sun. If you wash at 30 degrees, you can save up to 40% of energy. Energy saving. Disadvantage: Weak solar energy density. Wind energy. Buy devices that are classified as Category A in terms of electricity consumption. Read the labels carefully!
There are a total of 23 presentations in the topic
summary of other presentations“Electromagnetic oscillations, grade 11” - Oscillations occur with high frequency. Definition. Grade 11. Frequency and period of oscillations in the circuit. Electromagnetic vibrations. Free and forced vibrations. Equations of electromagnetic oscillations. Electric field energy of a capacitor. Oscillatory circuit. Rice. 4.4 p.83. Harmonic oscillations of charge, current and voltage in the circuit are described by the equations: Energy of the magnetic field of the coil.
“Radio communication physics” - Receive and process the signal received from the satellite. Questions. Calculate that for waves with a length of 10 and 1000 meters, the frequency is ...?..... Thus, what is the main task of the modem? The frequency of electromagnetic oscillations is equal to: What is the period? Topic: Principles of radio communication. E/m wave speed? What is the difference between an open oscillatory circuit and a closed one? Radios - operate in the radio range, use their own sets of frequencies and protocols. What does modem speed affect?
"Optics 11th grade" - ? = 90. Through the eye, not with the eye, the mind knows how to look at the world. The image of distant objects on the retina appears unclear. Types of light reflections. Presentation project: “From a sunbeam to geometric optics.” Mirror reflection. Mirror. Diffuse reflection. Reflection of light. Myopia. How is the law of light reflection used in everyday life? Problematic question. The role of mirrors in human life, in everyday life and technology.
“Electromagnetic radiation scale” - Expert assessment of the “firm” (each point is assessed on a 5-point system). What is the difference between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves? The lesson is a business game. Grade 11. What is the source of electromagnetic waves? What does the phenomenon of polarization prove? They propagate in a vacuum at a speed of 300,000 km/s. Electromagnetic radiation scale. Why? What is an electromagnetic wave?
“Use of electrical energy” - Transmission and distribution of electricity. An increasing number of railway lines are being converted to electric traction. Production, use and transmission of electricity. The bulk of industrial enterprises operate on electrical energy. Electricity use. Most scientific developments begin with theoretical calculations. Transport is also a major consumer. Electricity consumption doubles in 10 years.
“Radiation and spectra” - For example, the northern lights, inscriptions on stores. Spectral analysis. Atomic radiation. Heat sources are: the Sun, a fire flame, or an incandescent lamp. The simplest and most common type of radiation. In nature, we can observe the spectrum when a rainbow appears in the sky. Spectra, Start viewing. Cathodoluminescence. Striped spectrum. (Lat. Catholuminescence. Electroluminescence. Skip to content. Continuous spectrum. Spectra in nature. Spectrum. Line spectrum.
