XI century after the birth of Christ, distant hoary times, unmarked by anything and, it seems, deservedly consigned to complete oblivion by history. How might a contemporary be interested in an ancient past that has sunk into oblivion - dubious events and inaccurate and approximate chronology? And what, exactly, is the point of delving into something that has not been there for a long time? And you can’t argue, especially today, when we have come to understand the value of the moment “here and now” in human life. However, there is one big “BUT”, and our inquisitive mind, armed with Primordial Knowledge, tries to do a good job, here and there looking for the most curious elements in historical reports, which, connected together, unexpectedly reveal an amazing picture to us. What are we talking about, after all? In our next publications, we will tell you about a wave of spiritual revival, similar to a real tsunami, that swept across the entire planet in an amazing and still incomprehensible way for us. And even though our findings are still a shaky hypothesis and nothing more, and we don’t pretend to be anything else, still this is an exciting journey, we really hope that for many it will become a pleasant surprise, capable of inspiring, encouraging and strengthening on the chosen spiritual path.

And we will begin our journey, with your permission, with the Indian tribes of Mesoamerica. Why from them? To start with at least something.

According to legends and references that have survived to this day about the heyday of the Toltec and Mayan civilization in Central America (present-day Mexico) in the pre-Columbian period, it is clearly seen that the brightest outbreak of its cultural development was the era of the reign of Quetzalcoatl, a very real person who lived in X-XI centuries and elevated to the rank of deity. For the sake of objectivity, I would like to immediately make a reservation that one should still be wary of the time coordinates of those distant events, firmly embedded in the current body of official history, because history itself, as we know, is written by the victors and, as practice shows, chronicles often contain many inaccuracies and conscious distortions, sometimes very far from reality. Therefore, I propose to think soberly; we agree that after a whole thousand years, it is difficult today to talk about an exact chronology, especially since information about those times was barbarously destroyed, again, by some hidden and powerful force, which we constantly mention on our website in a variety of publications. And we will write about it again at the end of this series.

QUETZALCOATL, KUKULKAN, FEATHER SERPENT

First, as usual, let’s turn to Wikipedia:

"Quetzalcoatl(Quetzalcoatl, Quetzalcoatl, ast. Quetzalcōātl - “feathered serpent”; Spanish Quetzalcóatl;) - the name of the deity of ancient America in the Nahuatl language, one of the main gods of the Aztec pantheon and the pantheons of other civilizations of Central America, as well as name of historical figure". On the tongue Maya “Feathered Serpent” sounds like “Kukulkan”, or rather “K’uk’Ulkan”, therefore, this is his second name. What is characteristic here is that the Quetzal (quetzal, quetzal, quezal) is a small bird with bright emerald plumage, it was highly valued in the traditional cultures of America. Quetzal - an ancient symbol of love of freedom: this bird does not live in captivity. Let's note this because we'll have another bird-related character going forward.

"The most famous of the rulers was Se Acatl Naxchitl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl (One Reed Our Lord the Feathered Serpent - Nahuatl) ( 923-947 or 947-1000s. ), legends about which are practically inseparable from legends about God. Currently, the most accepted date for the appearance of Quetzalcoatl in Tula (Tollan) is considered to be 980. According to legends, Quetzalcoatl ruled Tula for more than twenty years. The great ruler taught the people mathematics, medicine, astronomy, writing, jewelry making, and weaving. His name was associated invention of the chocolate drink, introduction of the 52-year calendar, invention of the canons of music and dance".

Here we note that historians are still confused by guesses, they do not have a clear idea in what years this happened, but the 10th-11th centuries are already a good reference point for us.

We also find on the Internet that “Quetzalcoatl was depicted as bearded man in a mask, with huge lips, or in the form of a snake covered with feathers." We also find: "On the banks of the Panuco River (Central Mexico) white bearded people in long-skirted clothes appeared. The friendly newcomers were well received by the local population. They reached Tollan (Tula), where they settled led by its leader Quetzalcoatl. He was a tall white man with a wide forehead, large eyes and long black hair. He was smart, fair and polite. Quetzalcoatl taught people how to process metals and earth, he convinced them that it was necessary to accept a new religion, preached love for one's neighbor, and called for repentance and good deeds. Most of the Toltecs respected him. Quetzalcoatl became very popular and lived in Tollan for several years." (As we can see, there are temporary inconsistencies). The worship of Quetzalcoatl was originally opposed human sacrifice and included the sacrifice of butterflies and hummingbirds, another source says that " he banned human sacrifice and preached peace" Finally, according to the 16th-century chronicler Bernard de Sahagún: "Quetzalcoatl was a great civilizer who arrived in Mexico at the head of a group of foreigners. He brought art to the country and especially encouraged agriculture. In his day the ears of corn were so large that a man could not carry more than one; cotton grew in different colors so that it did not need to be dyed. He built spacious and beautiful houses and preached a religion that encouraged peace".

Quetzalcoatl, Kukulkan, Feathered Serpent...

The main opponent of the Feathered Serpent in Toltec beliefs was Tezcatlipoca ( smoking/fire mirror) - in the mythology of the late Mayans and Aztecs, one of the main deities (along with Quetzalcoatl/Kukulkan). He wore a mirror or shield (hence the name), with the help of which he observed the actions of people on earth. In various incarnations, he was the creator god or the destroyer of the world. Tezcatlipoca allegedly sent Quetzalcoatl into exile, but in another version, Quetzalcoatl voluntarily sailed away on a raft of snakes, promising to return. That is, as we see, history is shrouded in complete mystery.

But let's remember this "connection" Quetzalcoatlus And Tezcatlipoca, we will certainly return to it in subsequent materials.

MENTION OF THE BEARDED TEACHER

The main temple of the ancient city of Chichen Itza was dedicated Kukulkan (pictured above), patron saint of the Toltecs, and we repeat once again, they deeply revered him as God. Tradition also calls it “ bearded white god", similar to a European, which is why the Indians treated the Spanish conquistadors with such openness and trust - they mistook their appearance for the return of Quetzalcoatl and his companions. But what’s also interesting is that on the territory of Chichen Itza there is also Temple of the Bearded Man, officially called Temple of the Beared Man. He is in the photo below:

Mexico, ancient city of Chichen Itza, Temple of the Beared Man.

It wouldn’t be amiss to quote from the book “Forbidden History or Columbus Didn’t Discover America” (Andrey Zhukov, Nikolai Nepomnyashchy):

It is known that one of the distinctive morphological features of the indigenous population of America is very weak hair (beard and mustache) on the face of men. Only among some tribes of the northwest coast of the United States and Canada, for example, the Haida and Tlingit, men had a sparse mustache and sometimes a goatee. As an exception, representatives of different tribes of the eastern United States - Delawares, Chippewas and some others - had such reduced mustaches and beards. Beards have also been recorded among some tribal groups living at the southern tip of the New World (for example, the Bakairi). The rest of the peoples of Mesoamerica and South America, despite the polytypic (diversity of types) nature of the Americanoid race, did not have this trait. And in the Olmec cultural complex there is a number of figurines known, depicting bearded people with an atypical appearance for America. Unfortunately, all these things were not discovered during scientific excavations, but are the results of random finds. Therefore, their exact dating is impossible.

In general, we can definitely say one thing: the bearded teacher (or teachers) were visiting people, and today we are unlikely to find exact information about the exact years in which they civilized the Indians. Therefore, we fix the X-XI century and move on, because we do not set ourselves the task of getting to the bottom of the truth, our goal is to mark markers corresponding to our hypothesis on geographical and chronological maps.

ARE THERE ANY TRACES OF SPIRITUAL KNOWLEDGE LEFT?

The question of whether the Toltecs had spiritual knowledge in those days will be convincingly answered by the ingenious architecture of the Kukulkan pyramid; we wrote about it in detail in the articles: “Softening Evil Hearts” and “Kukulkan” and there is no point in repeating here. The temple was built in such a way that every year on the days of the spring and autumn equinox, the shadow of the stepped ribs of the steps of the pyramid (7 pieces - 7 dimensions) falls on the balustrade, creating the impression that a snake is crawling along the pyramid. Undoubtedly, it seemed to the ancient Mayans that Kukulkan himself was descending to earth. The steps symbolized the path to the spiritual world, and along with the sacred mathematics and geometry embedded in this unique structure, it can be assumed that this pyramid is like a divine trace left on the planet by a highly spiritual being, commonly called by many a teacher or a bodhisattva.

TEMPLE OF QUETZALCOATL

It is located in Teotihuacan and is a six-tiered pyramid decorated with snake heads. There is quite a bit of information on it and therefore it represents a complete mystery for both historians and numerous tourists.

However, in the above photo in the upper right corner we suddenly encounter a sea shell and begin to dig in that direction. Next we come across the puzzled observations of Graham Hancock in the book “Traces of the Gods”:

I walked to the northern end of the Street of the Dead... water was the dominant motif in Teotihuacan. Although I didn’t pay much attention to it in the morning, the temple of Quetzalcoatl was decorated not only with images of a feathered serpent, but also with the undoubted symbolism of water: a wavy pattern, naturally reminiscent of waves, and a large number of beautiful carved sea shells.

Let us turn to the source of Primordial Knowledge, the book “AllatRa”:

Water, as you know, was, in the interpretation of the ancients, a symbol of another, spiritual world... (page 422)

Anastasia: ... You mentioned that the ancients had a sign in the form of a wave.
Rigden: Yes, wave is an ancient designation for energy, its characteristics, or, as they would say today, an energy field. If this concerned spiritual, intimate knowledge about a person, then the number of wavy lines or wavy stripes indicated the energies of which dimension the person was working with in spiritual practice, or which dimension he was transitioning to, or simply symbolized the work itself in the invisible world. The wavy line in everyday symbolism was used to symbolize water or rivers. And in sacred knowledge about the Universe water was a symbol of another world, different from the earthly one, so they often also designated it as connection with the spiritual world.

Let's take a closer look at these waves, and indeed you can see 6 and 7 wavy lines, hinting at measurements:

Regarding hollow shells in Primordial Physics there are the following lines:

Mentions of the Great Emptiness can be found, for example, in ancient Egyptian, Japanese, Chinese, and Polynesian mythologies about the creation of the world. The same information can be found in Scandinavian, American (pre-Columbian) and other mythologies of the peoples of the world. Many ancient manuscripts contain references to such a concept as Zero (Zero)... Zero was interpreted as an absolute mystery, an incomprehensible Absolute, “prime mover,” the sum of all possibilities, “nothing,” the state of the absence of everything material: size, effect, mass, volume, etc.... In Mesoamerica, the peoples of the Mayan civilization most often depicted zero in the form of a hollow shell(although 25 different hieroglyphs are also known to denote the concept of zero, one of which is two spirals resembling the letter Z). The Mayans called zero "tulakal", and the Aztecs called it "sintli" (everything).

In addition, let's take a closer look at the elements of the Indian ornament; a knowledgeable person can easily decipher a lot in them, here are right-hand twists, a swastika, a pyramid, and indications of Animal essences, and a hint of the Four Essences of man in his energy structure and symbolic AllatRa signs. Or is it just me?

Or here is one of the most popular images of Quetzalcoatl on the Internet, compare the equilateral cross on his (“shield”?) with Christian crosses of the period of the 11th–13th centuries. in Kievan Rus: . The question arises, where do crosses come from in traditional Toltec symbolism? Graham Hancock also speaks about two types of equilateral cross found during the journey in his book “Traces of the Gods”:

Although the "Pyramid of the Wizard" was built many centuries before the Conquest, the symbol most often found in these mosaics was very similar to christian cross. Strictly speaking, there were two varieties of “Christian” crosses: the croix-patte with expanding “paws,” which was common among the Templars and other crusaders in the 12th and 13th centuries, and the oblique (X-shaped) cross of St. Andrew the First-Called.

Mexico, Wizard's pyramid

Well, the following explanatory quotes from the AllatRa book regarding these crosses are logical:

Rigden: ... The four-limbed equilateral cross and the circle inside (the four main Essences and the Soul) pointed to the main elements in the design of man, which embodied the main idea: creating conditions for the Personality to choose between the material world and the spiritual.

The symbol of man is an equilateral cross with a circle.

Rigden: I have said this many times and will repeat it now: changing the situation is in the hands of the people themselves, everything depends on the dominant choice of each person. But let’s return to the topic of the signs of the four Essences. If the equilateral cross was a symbol of just a person, then the oblique cross (turned cross) and its variations (often with a circle in the center) already denoted a Personality moving along the path of Knowledge, who knows sacred information about man and meditative practices on the four Essences. I emphasize that the person who knows the Knowledge, and how he uses it (with what dominant in his consciousness), is his personal choice.

An equilateral oblique cross with a circle in the center is a symbol of Knowledge about the four Essences of man and the Soul.

The oblique cross is a symbol of movement in cognition, the conditional division of space into fields (zones) of influence of Entities; circle - designation of the Soul. The interpretation of the symbol scheme is given according to the “seal” type.

But most often in sacred texts, a symbol in the form of an oblique cross (or its variations) indicated Knowledge about the energy structure of a person, his Essences, the relationship with dimensions...

Variations of the oblique cross were very diverse: an oblique cross in the form of four connected triangles with a circle in the center, circles-centers of triangular spaces, clover crosses (narrow towards the center and widening towards the edges), snakes intertwined in the form of a cross, and so on.

Variations of an oblique cross marking the spaces of the four Essences. (page 379)

Also in the book “AllatRa” on page 580 we find the following lines:

But thanks to the timely intervention of Agapit of Pechersk in this process, in Kievan Rus it was precisely positive symbols, many of which (AllatRa signs, Allat, rhombuses, circles, equilateral crosses)...

CONNECTION OF THE THUMB AND RING FINGERS ON THE HANDS OF QUETZALCOATL

The next unexpected plot, which surprised me, is that Kukulkan’s thumb and ring fingers are connected; we find similar symbolic options in Christianity, on some Orthodox icons. The AllatRa book probably tells you better about this connection in your hands than others:

Anastasia: Most people don’t even think about why there are different traditions that they adhere to and where their roots come from. But when you understand such details, other information becomes clearer. For example, what does the connection of this finger with another finger mean in sculptures or images of deities, including as a conditional indication of meditative techniques.

Rigden: As for the position of the fingers... If the ring finger, according to meditative functions, symbolized spiritual vision, knowledge, superpowers, That thumb - the energy potential of the person himself. In particular, the thumb indicated that the chakran, approximately located in the lower abdomen, inside the pelvic girdle, between the bones of the coccyx and the pubic symphysis, was involved in meditation. Outwardly, it was conventionally depicted in diagrams of a person in the crotch area. But this is just conditional, because we are talking not about the physical, but about the energetic body of a person.

By the way, in India this chakran is called “Muladhara” (“mūlādhāra” is a word originating from the Sanskrit language, where in Russian transcription “mula” means “root, basis”, and “adhara” means “foundation, basis, support”). The awakening of a person’s energy potential is also associated with this chakran. Traditionally it was marked in red.

The awakening of this powerful energy potential in the East is called “the awakening of the sleeping Kundalini Snake, coiled into three and a half turns.” I have already mentioned it several times when talking about spiral structures. This force has since ancient times been considered the feminine aspect of divine power (Allata), some properties of which later in Christianity began to be attributed to the Holy Spirit. It contributed to the awakening in a person of the powerful, creative power of spiritual Love, which cannot even be closely compared with any physical sensations or manifestations of raw energy... (pages 634-635)

TEZCATLIPOCA - DEVIL

Quetzalcoatl and Graham Hancock's book "Traces of the Gods"

CARRYING LIGHT.

"... Meanwhile, my intention grew stronger to follow another line of research. It had to do with a bearded, white-skinned deity named Quetzalcoatl, who, according to legend, in ancient times sailed to Mexico from across the sea. It is Quetzalcoatlus who is credited invention of mathematical formulas and an improved calendar, which later allowed the Maya calculate doomsday date. In addition, he strikingly resembled Viracocha, a pale-faced god from the traditions of the peoples of the Andean region, who appeared in Tiahuanaco "in the time of darkness", bringing with them light and civilization as gifts".

Viracocha, god of the South American Indians

SNAKE PEOPLE.

"...Having previously devoted so much time to studying the legends about Viracoche, the bearded god of the distant Andes, I found that the descriptions of Quetzalcoatl, the chief deity of the pantheon of ancient Mexico, sound surprisingly familiar.
For example, one pre-Columbian myth from Mexico, recorded by the 16th-century Spanish chronicler Juan de Torquemada, says that Quetzalcoatl was " a ruddy, fair-skinned man with a long beard". Another source says about him: he was a white man, a large man with a high forehead, large eyes, long hair and a large bushy beard(la barba grande y redonda). In the third he was characterized as follows: " A mysterious figure... a white man of powerful build with a high forehead, large eyes and a flowing beard. He was dressed in a long white shirt that almost reached the floor. He condemned sacrifices, with the exception of fruits and flowers. He was known as the god of peace... When approached about military matters, he is said to have put his fingers in his ears. "According to a particularly amazing legend, this wise teacher " arrived from across the sea in a boat that moved itself, without the help of oars. He was a tall bearded white man who taught people to use fire for cooking. He also built houses and taught couples to live together as husband and wife; since people in those days often quarreled, he taught them to live in peace ".

MEXICAN TWIN VIRACOCHA.

"The reader remembers that in Andach Viracocha traveled under different names. Quetzalcoatl did the same thing..
All legends clearly state that Quetzalcoatl (aka Kukulkan, Gukumats, Wotan, Itzamana...) arrived in Central America from afar (from beyond the "East Sea") and subsequently sailed away again in the same direction, to everyone's great sadness. Legends add that he solemnly promised to return someday- the analogy with Viracocha is too precise to be considered a mere coincidence. Let us remember in addition that leaving Viracocha on the waves of the Pacific Ocean was described in Andean legends as a magical event. Quetzalcoatl's departure from Mexico also looks quite strange: they say that he sailed “on a raft of snakes.”

In some areas of Central America (especially among the Quiche Maya) it was called Gukumats. In other places, such as Chichen Itza, he was known as Kukulkan. When both of these names were translated from the local dialects, they turned out to mean exactly the same thing: Feathered Serpent. By the way, Quetzalcoatl is also translated.

There were other gods, especially among the Mayans, whose description was very close to the description of the appearance of Quetzalcoatl. One of them, the great enlightener Wotan, was, according to descriptions, too light-skinned, bearded and wore a long shirt. Scholars have been unable to translate his name, but his symbol, like that of Quetzalcoatl, was a snake. Another related deity was Itzamana, Mayan god of healing, Same bearded person in long shirt; its symbol was the rattlesnake.

From all this, according to leading experts, it follows that the Mexican legends collected by Spanish chroniclers during the Conquest are often the product of the interpenetration and combination of very ancient oral traditions. At the same time, however, one gets the impression that there is some kind of historical reality behind them. According to the most authoritative Maya researcher, Silvanus Griswold Morley: " The great god Kukulcan, or Feathered Serpent, is the Mayan counterpart of the Aztec Quetzalcoatl, Mexican god of light, education and culture. In the Mayan pantheon he was considered great organizer, founder of cities, author of laws and calendar. Moreover, his main features and biography are so realistic that it seems quite likely that this is a real historical character, a major legislator and organizer, the memory of whose actions far outlived him, and later became the reason for his deification".

All legends unequivocally state that Quetzalcoatl (aka Kukulkan, Gucumatz, Wotan, Itzamana...) arrived in Central America from afar (from beyond the "Eastern Sea") and subsequently sailed away again in the same direction, to everyone's great sadness.

According to many sources, Quetzalcoatl - Kukulkan - Itzaman was accompanied by “companions” or “helpers”...

Like his long-vanished twin, the white and bearded Andean god Viracocha, Quetzalcoatl is said to have brought to Mexico all the crafts and sciences necessary for the transition to civilized life, which ensured the onset of the golden age"They believed that he brought to Central America writing, invented the calendar and was a brilliant builder who taught people the secrets of masonry and architecture. He was father of mathematics, metallurgy and astronomy; they said about him that he “measured the earth.” He also appeared the founder of productive agriculture, discovered and introduced corn- the basis of life in these parts. A great healer, he was the patron saint of doctors and sorcerers, “he revealed to people the mysterious properties of plants”. Moreover, he was revered as legislator, patron of crafts and arts.
As might be expected from such a highly cultured individual, he categorically prohibited the dirty practice of human sacrifice during his reign. After his departure, the bloody ritual was revived with renewed vigor. Yet even the Aztecs, the most ardent followers of human sacrifice in the long history of Central America, looked back on the time of Quetzalcoatl "with nostalgia." " He was a teacher, - the legend recalls, - who taught that should not harm any creature and what if you sacrifice, then not people, but birds and butterflies".

SPACE BATTLE

Why did Quetzalcoatl leave? What's happened?
Mexican legends answer these questions this way. They say that the enlightened and benevolent rule of the Feathered Serpent ended Tezcatlipoca, an evil god whose name translates to "Smoking Mirror", whose cult required the sacrifice of people. It seems that in ancient Mexico there was a battle of almost cosmic proportions between the forces of light and darkness, in which the dark forces were victorious...

SANCTUARY OF THE SNAKE

Santa and I came to Tula Tollan because she was closely associated with both Quetzalcoatl and his archenemy Tezcatilpeace, Smoking Mirror. Forever young, in omnipotent, omnipresent and omniscient Tezcatilpoca associated in legends with night, darkness and the sacred jaguar. He was “invisible and inexorable, appearing to people either as a flying shadow or as a terrible monster.” Often depicted as a blazing skull, he allegedly possessed a mysterious object, the Smoking Mirror, after which he was named. which allowed him to observe from a great distance what people were doing and gods. Scientists logically assumed that this mirror could be a primitive “magic crystal” made of obsidian. Obsidian has always had magical powers in the eyes of the Mexicans; it was from it that sacrificial knives were made for the priests... Bernal Diaz [Spanish chronicler] notes that they called this stone “Tescat”. Magic mirrors were made from it for sorcerers.

Personifying the forces of darkness and predatory evil, Tezcatlipoca, as legends say, became involved in a conflict with Quetzalcoatl that lasted many years. First one, then the other took over. But in the end the cosmic battle ended in the defeat of good, and Quetzalcoatl was expelled from Tollan. Following this, under the influence of the nightmarish cult of Tezcatlipoca, human sacrifice was reintroduced everywhere in Central America.

As we already know from legends, Quetzalcoatl fled to the coast, from where he sailed on a raft of snakes. As one legend says, “he burned his houses, built of silver and shells, buried his treasures and sailed across the Eastern Sea after his companions, who turned into bright birds.” This bitter parting supposedly took place in a place called Coatzecoalcos, which means "Sanctuary of the Serpents." There before departure Quetzalcoatl promised his followers that he would one day return to overthrow the cult of Tezcatlipoca and begin a new era., when the gods will again “accept flower donations” and stop demanding human blood.

HYPOTHETICAL THIRD PARTY

Archaeological evidence suggests that the civilization of Ancient Egypt did not develop slowly and painfully, as befits human society, but just like the Olmecs arose suddenly and fully formed. It turns out that the period of transition from primitive to developed society is too short for it to have any historical meaning. Technological skills that must have taken hundreds or even thousands of years to develop appear suddenly, “overnight,” and with absolutely no predecessors...

As Professor Emery writes:
“One gets the impression of an indirect connection, perhaps of the existence of a third party, whose influence extended to both the Euphrates and the Nile... Modern scientists neglect the possibility of immigration to both regions from some hypothetical, but not yet discovered zone. [However] it is the third a party whose cultural achievements extended independently to Egypt and Mesopotamia would best explain the commonalities and fundamental differences between the two civilizations."
Among other things, this theory sheds light on the mysterious fact that both the Egyptians and the Mesopotamian Sumerians worshiped almost the same lunar deity, one of the oldest in their pantheons (Thoth among the Egyptians, Shin among the Sumerians). Prominent Egyptologist Wallis-Budge argues that “the identity of these two gods is too complete to be accidental... It would be incorrect to say that the Egyptians borrowed the deity from the Sumerians or the Sumerians from the Egyptians; most likely, the theologians of both peoples borrowed their theological systems from a common but very ancient source".
The question, therefore, boils down to this: what is this “common but very ancient source,” this “hypothetical but not yet discovered zone,” this highly developed “third party” that Budge and Emery have in mind? And if she left a legacy of high culture in Egypt and Mesopotamia, why shouldn't she do the same in Central America?
The fact that the "rise" of civilization in Mexico occurred much later than in the Middle East does not prove anything. It is quite possible that the initial impulse was given in both places simultaneously, and subsequent development could proceed according to local conditions.

According to this scenario, the civilizers did very well in Egypt and Sumer, resulting in the emergence of remarkable and enduring cultures there. On the other hand, in Mexico (and, apparently, in Peru) they suffered a serious setback. After a good start, when giant stone heads and bas-reliefs of bearded men were created, everything quickly went downhill. Despite the decline, the light of civilization did not go out completely, but noticeable progress began only around 1500 BC. (the so-called "Olmec horizon"). By this time, the great sculptures had become hoary relics of spiritual power, and their forgotten originals were shrouded in myths about giants and bearded enlighteners.

ADVENTURES IN THE UNDERWELL, JOURNEYS TO THE STARS

The "third party" hypothesis explains the similarities and fundamental differences between ancient Egypt and ancient Mesopotamia by suggesting that both peoples inherited civilization from the same common distant ancestor. At the same time, no serious assumptions were made as to where this ancestral civilization was located, what its nature was, when it flourished. Like a "black hole" in space, it cannot be seen. However, its existence can be judged by its effect on the observed objects - in this case. Sumer and Egypt.

Is it possible that the same mysterious ancestor, did the same invisible source of influence leave its mark in Mexico?

TOMB OF PAKAL

Pacal's tomb is at least a thousand years younger than all the precious finds from La Venta. Meanwhile, next to the skeleton in Pakal's sarcophagus was a small jade figurine, which turned out to be much older than the other sacrificial objects found there. She portrays elderly European man with a beard dressed in a long shirt.

SOUTH AMERICA

Moving south, we meet the Chibcha people of Central Colombia. According to their myths, they lived at first as savages, without laws, agriculture or religion. But one day an old man of a different race appeared among them. He had a thick long beard and his name was Bochika. He taught chibcha to build huts and live together...

SIGN OF TRUST

Isn't it also strange that so many myths contain descriptions of figures like Quetzalcoatl or Viracocha, who arrived during the dark times after the flood to teach architecture, astronomy, science and law to the scattered and now small tribes of surviving people?
Who were these civilizing heroes? A figment of primitive imagination? Gods? People? If by people, then could they somehow manipulate myths, turning them into a means of transmitting knowledge over time?

CONVERSATION WITH THE UNBORN

The Egyptian embodiment of this the white and bearded figure is Osiris, and it is no coincidence that one of his first acts mentioned in the myth is abolition of cannibalism among the primitive inhabitants of the Nile Valley. In South America they say that Viracocha began his civilizing mission immediately after the great flood; Quetzalcoatlus, the discoverer of corn, brought his gifts in agriculture, mathematics, astronomy and culture after the Fourth Sun was interrupted by a devastating flood.

Osiris was in many ways the Egyptian counterpart of Viracocha and Quetzalcoatl, the civilizing gods of the Andes and Central America. He is united with them not only by a common mission, but also by common symbolism.

OSIRIS AND THE LORDS OF ETERNITY

One should also consider Osiris - a bearded figure, like Viracocha, like Quetzalcoatl - by the way, it was he, according to legend, stopped cannibalism among the Egyptians, taught them agriculture and animal husbandry, introduced them to the art of writing, architecture and music...

We have traced the main outline of the story of Osiris in previous chapters, and there is no need to return to it. The reader has probably not forgotten that this god (again, just like Quetzalcoatl and Viracocha) was remembered primarily as benefactor of humanity, educator and great leader-civilizer. His merits included, in particular, the elimination of cannibalism and the introduction of the Egyptians to agriculture - especially the cultivation of wheat and barley; he also taught them how to make agricultural implements. Since he had a special interest in good wines (the myths do not say where he acquired this taste), he specifically “taught mankind viticulture and winemaking, including the gathering of grapes and storage of wine...” In addition to a healthy lifestyle, which Osiris taught to his Egyptian subjects, he helped them free themselves “from pitiful and barbaric customs,” giving them a code of laws and the cult of the gods. Having put everything in order, he transferred control of the kingdom to Isis, left Egypt for many years and went on a trip around the world with the sole intention, as reported to Diodorus Siculus, " ... visit all inhabited lands and teach the human race the cultivation of the vine, wheat and barley; for he hoped that if he induced men to abandon savagery and embrace a noble way of life, he would thereby acquire immortal fame for his great benefactions... "

Osiris first went to Ethiopia, where he taught agriculture to the primitive hunter-gatherers he encountered. In addition, he organized a number of large-scale construction and hydraulic engineering works: " He built channels with sluice gates and regulators... he raised the banks of the rivers and took measures to prevent the Nile from overflowing its banks..." He later went to Arabia and then to India, where founded many cities. In Thrace, he killed a barbarian king because he refused to accept the system of government prescribed to him. This, in fact, was not in the character of Osiris, since, as the Egyptians well remembered, he never "... forced people to carry out his instructions by force; through gentle persuasion and appealing to their common sense, he managed to induce them to do what he preached. Many of his wise counsels were set to music in the form of hymns and songs and performed with the accompaniment of musical instruments."
Again, it is difficult to avoid parallels with Quetzalcoatl and Viracocha. During times of darkness and chaos, which may well be associated with the flood, a bearded god (or man) materializes in Egypt (or Bolivia, or Mexico). He possesses a variety of practical and scientific knowledge and skills characteristic of a mature and highly developed civilization, which selflessly uses for the benefit of humanity. He is instinctively soft, but can be firm when necessary.. Characterizes him very high sense of purpose, and, having established his headquarters at Heliopolis (or Tiahuanaco, or Teotihuacan), he, along with a group of selected supporters is taken to establish order and restore the lost balance in the world.
Let us leave aside for a moment the question whether we are dealing with gods or men, the product of primitive imagination or beings of flesh and blood; For now, let us pay attention to the fact that myths always speak about a group of civilizers: and Viracocha, and Quetzalcoatl, and Osiris have “companions”. Sometimes violent internal conflicts arise within this group, perhaps a struggle for power; obvious examples are the battles between Set and Horus, and between Tezcatlipoca and Quetzalcoatl. Moreover, no matter where the mythical events unfold - in Central America, the Andes or Egypt - the outcome is always the same: a conspiracy arises against the civilizer, and he is either expelled or killed.
Myths say that Quetzalcoatl and Viracocha did not return (although, as we have seen, their return to America continued to be expected even during the Spanish conquest). As for Osiris, he returned. Although he fell victim to Set shortly after completing his worldwide mission to force people to "renounce savagery", he then gained eternal life, ascending to the constellation Orion as the almighty god of the dead. Subsequently, being the supreme judge of the afterlife and setting an immortal example of responsible and benevolent kingship, he dominated the religion (and culture) of Ancient Egypt throughout its history.

Sometimes referred to in texts as “neb-tem,” or “universal lord,” Osiris is described as a man and at the same time a superman, suffering and at the same time commanding. Moreover, he expresses his dual nature, ruling the heavens (as the constellation Orion) and the Earth (as the king of men). Like Viracocha in the Andes and Quetzalcoatl in Central America, he operates in a cunning and mysterious manner. Like them, he is very tall and is always depicted with a wavy, divine beard. And finally, like them, possessing supernatural capabilities, he avoids the use of force wherever possible.

According to legend, Quetzalcoatl, the god-king of the Mexicans, left Central America by sea, sailing on a raft of snakes. It is therefore difficult to avoid the feeling that this has already happened when we read in the Egyptian Book of the Dead that the dwelling of Osiris “rested on the water” and its walls were made of “living snakes.” In any case, the similarity, the convergence of symbolism, uniting these two gods and two mutually distant regions is amazing...

What intermediate conclusions can be drawn?

• Quetzalcoatl, Kukulkan, Kukulkan, Gukumats, Wotan, Itzamana, the Feathered Serpent - a benefactor of mankind, an educator and a great civilizing leader - still existed, and this is an obvious fact,
• Quetzalcoatl taught the people mathematics, medicine, astronomy, writing, jewelry making, weaving, he is credited with the invention of mathematical formulas and an improved calendar, the invention of a chocolate drink, the introduction of a calendar with a cycle of 52 years, and the invention of the canons of music and dance. He built spacious and beautiful houses and preached a religion that encouraged peace and love for one's neighbor. A great healer, he was the patron of healers and sorcerers, “he revealed to people the mysterious properties of plants.” He was a brilliant builder who taught people the secrets of masonry and architecture. God of light, education and culture. Banned human sacrifice and preached peace!
• The text underlines the good deeds done by Quetzalcoatl in red font; it’s probably worth going through it again to appreciate the high degree of dedication and truly good disposition towards people,
• He lived in the period of the X-XI centuries, and probably historians don’t have exact dates,
• G. Hancock finds many similarities between Quetzalcoatl, the Egyptian god Osiris and the god of the South American Indians Viracocha. We would venture to add, based on various facts given in the article, that, in all likelihood, Kukulkan (Feathered Serpent) may also be an incarnation of Rigden Djappo himself,
• Like a combination of two antipodes (pairs of gods with opposite functions: one has a divine essence, the other has a demonic essence) " Rigden Jappo - Ahriman", is present in the Mesoamerican variation thousands of years ago" Quetzalcoatl - Tezcatlipoca",
• Quetzalcoatl had the appearance of a white bearded European (read more about the great civilizers who wore beards in the article “The Bearded God. Who is he?”),
• He sailed to Mesoamerica from behind the “eastern” sea (hence, from Europe)... and sailed into the sea, then his traces in Indian legends are lost,
• Looking carefully at the ornaments of the ancient Indians, as well as judging by the grandiose construction of the pyramids, we can assume that in the society of the Indians of that time there were high spiritual knowledge,
• Understanding that Quetzalcoatl comes from the name of the bird Quetzal involuntarily raises suspicions about the Front essence of man, the symbol of which was the bird.
• To talk about the defeat of Quetzalcoatl, in our opinion, is extremely incorrect and erroneous. Acting as a teacher-missionary, he hardly planned to stay in one area, which means, and this is obvious, he did not see any point in any confrontation with the surrounding external forces. Most likely, after completing his mission, he simply left the Indians and went on - where? Perhaps in the next part we will find other traces of him...

This article is in the process of being updated...

To be continued.

Prepared by: Dato Gomarteli (Ukraine-Georgia)

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. Quetzalcoatl - (“snake covered with green feathers” or “precious twin”) In the mythology of the Indians of Central America, one of the main deities, the creator of the world, humans and all living creatures. He was considered the creator of the benefits of civilization and religious rituals. He is worshiped as the patron of sciences and priesthood. Quetzalcoatl obtained maize grains for people by turning into an ant and stealing them from an anthill. The god Tezcatlipoca rebels against Quetzalcoatl's dominance over the world. Having given Quetzalcoatl to drink an intoxicating drink, he turns out to be the reason for the intoxicated god violating his own laws. As punishment, Quetzalcoatl is sent to an eastern country, from where he promises to return someday. According to other legends, he finds his death there.
The Mayan Indians called Quetzalcoatl Kekulkan. He was depicted as a feathered serpent with a human head. However, the number of images of Quetzalcoatl is huge, the earliest dates back to the 8th-5th centuries BC
Quetzalcoatl had many guises, of which the most important: Ehecatl (god of the wind), Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli (god of the planet Venus), Xolotl (god of twins and monsters), Se-Acatl, etc. Quetzalcoatl - son Mixcoatl And Chimalmat. The first images of Quetzalcoatl discovered in Olmec sculpture date back to the 8th-5th centuries. BC e. During this period, Quetzalcoatl was the personification of the winds from the Atlantic that brought moisture to the fields, and the cultural hero who gave maize to people. In the 1st-6th centuries. n. e. the cult of Quetzalcoatl spread throughout Central America (see. Kukumats ). He became the supreme god, the creator of the world, the creator of people (see in Art. Mictlantecuhtli) and the founder of culture. Quetzalcoatl gets food for people: having turned into an ant, it penetrates the anthill where maize grains are hidden, steals them and gives them to people. Quetzalcoatl taught people to find and process precious stones, build, create mosaics from feathers, monitor the movements of the stars and calculate dates using the calendar. During the same period, Quetzalcoatl. The functions of the patron of the priesthood also appear: according to myth, he is the institute of sacrifices, fasting and prayers. In the subsequent period, Quetzalcoatl entered into a fight with his antipode Tezcatlipoca. Tezcatlipoca seduces old Quetzalcoatl, and he violates his own prohibitions: he drinks alcohol and enters into communication with his sister. Misfortunes happen to his subjects, the Toltecs, caused by the same Tezcatlipoca. The distressed Quetzalcoatl leaves Tollan and goes into voluntary exile in the country of the East, where he dies and his body is burned. According to one of the Aztec myths, after the defeat in Tollan, Quetzalcoatl retired on a raft of snakes to the eastern overseas country of Tlilan-Tlapallan, promising to return from overseas after some time. Therefore, when the bearded Spanish conquerors landed on the east coast of Mexico in the year dedicated to Quetzalcoatl, the Aztecs initially mistook the Spanish leader Cortez for the returned Quetzalcoatl.
Quetzalcoatl was depicted as a bearded man in a mask with huge lips, or as a snake covered with feathers. The number of his images in manuscripts and on sculpture monuments is enormous. The veneration of Quetzalcoatl came to the Aztecs from the Huastecs, therefore in Aztec manuscripts he was often depicted in Huastec clothing: a tall cap made of jaguar skin, the same loincloth, a chest plate in the form of a large shell, a plume of Quetzal feathers. The main sanctuary was located in Cholula (Mexico). The name Quetzalcoatl became the title of the high priests, the rulers of the real Tollan (Tula).
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Quetzalcoatlus is a prehistoric bird the size of an airplane! This monster appeared 67 million years ago in the skies of modern Texas. These pterosaurs were the size of a modern F-16 fighter jet. This is the largest animal that has ever soared in the skies of our planet. This pterosaur dominated the skies thanks to its huge wings that were up to 10 meters long.

The fossil creatures were found in Big Bend National Park, an area that was covered with dense forests during the Late Cretaceous period. Scientists are faced with a difficult question: how could such a gigantic animal fly into the sky? After all, in this region there were not so many high rocks that large birds use for flight.

According to a new study, these animals used slopes on the shores of lakes and river valleys - after all, such prehistoric runways provide quite good conditions for takeoff.

To take off, this animal first ran on all fours, and when it reached sufficient speed, it switched to running on its hind legs, unfolded its wings and began to flap them intensively. Once the Quetzalcoatlus gained enough power and speed, it would finally jump on two legs and rise into the air.

This method of takeoff would be very inconvenient, however, in the air, Quetzalcoatlus was an excellent glider.

Quetzalcoatlus's take-off and landing techniques were probably similar to those of the albatross or the drow Cori, the heaviest living bird capable of running.

Quetzalcoatlus probably weighed between 80 and 250 kg and its length was 10 – 11 m.

These dimensions were close to the maximum with which the animal could take off. Some scientists have calculated that it weighed more, but from a biophysical point of view this would simply be impossible for flight.

Landing on the ground was a real test for this creature; the animal fapped its wings vigorously during landing, tried to stand on its hind legs, and then on all fours.

Quetzalcoatlus had very light, air-filled bones that were strong and durable for their weight, but its wings were still quite fragile. It was a true miracle of prehistoric biotechnology.

These pterosaurs probably fed on fish or carrion. They were about as tall as modern giraffes.

Quetzalcoatl (Quetzalcoatl, Ast. Quetzalcoatl - “feathered serpent”; Spanish Quetzalcoatl;) - this was the name of the deity in ancient America in the Nahuatl language, one of the main gods of the Aztec pantheon and the pantheons of other civilizations of Central America, as well as the name of a historical figure.

The ancient roots of Quetzalcoatl.

TO Etzalcoatl - or as his name is also pronounced, Quetzalcoatl - the Feathered Serpent - a fabulous hybrid of a bird of paradise (quetzal) and a snake (coatl), a symbol of the combination of age-old wisdom with beauty and luminosity.

ABOUT n was not only an Aztec god. All Indian gods lived happily in the minds of the peoples of the ancient civilizations of the Mexican land for almost three millennia, and only in the last two centuries before the invasion of the Europeans (Spaniards) were they attributed to the Aztecs. Long before the Aztec, there was another civilization - the Olmec. Scientists only recently learned about the existence of the Olmec civilization. It existed for about a thousand years: its traces ended in the 1st century BC, when, for example, such a center of Mexican civilization as Teotihuacan was just gaining strength. If you look closely, in the Olmec glyph drawings you can see the first images of a jaguar and a snake opposed to each other - symbols of the future “world” confrontation between the Indian gods Tezcatlipoca and Quetzalcoatl. As the main deity, the Olmecs obviously considered the jaguar man - a werewolf, embodying the power and ruthlessness of the forces of the earth and the night. Perhaps it was they who created Quetzalcoatl in their imagination as a contrast to the jaguar man.

How Quetzalcoatl became only an Aztec god.

TO When the first pyramids appeared, the pantheon of Indian gods was almost completely “formed,” and Quetzalcoatl occupied not the last, but one might say, one of the leading places in it. Among all the pyramids, many are dedicated to Quetzalcoatl - he, the Indians believed, invented a calendar for them, and he, once turning into an ant, stole a grain of maize from the underground storerooms and gave it to the people.

IN All civilizations have their beginning and end. Most often, civilizations were conquered by other peoples, less enlightened, but surprisingly capable of assimilation. Just at that time, tribes of nomadic hunters were approaching the weakened cities that had lost their former power. They were called "chichimecs" ("people of dog origin"). Some of these tribes, greatly amazed by the greatness and former power of the culture they encountered, tried to assimilate its achievements. The Toltecs also belonged to those peoples. However, their civilization did not last long. And at the beginning of the second millennium, the Toltec cities fell into decay. There is a possibility that they, too, could not resist the onslaught of the new “Chichimeks” - one way or another, but by the time the Aztecs arrived, the Toltecs themselves had already become a legend.

B Having become ordinary “Chichimecas,” the Aztecs hired themselves into the service of the Coluas, the descendants of the Toltecs, and adopted the classical Indian pantheon as their own, and then they themselves gradually began further myth-making, which followed the canonical channel. According to the Aztecs, the world was ruled by four Tezcatlipocas in accordance with the four cardinal directions. Each Tezcatlipoca also had its own color. The main one - Black Tezcatlipoca - controlled the birth and death of people, knew everything about everyone and inspired sacred horror in the Aztecs. He was the god of the starry sky and the night wind, and his earthly incarnation was a jaguar. He was opposed by White Tezcatlipoca - the same Quetzalcoatl, the Feathered Serpent, the god of goodness and light, protector and benefactor of people. Red Tezcatlipoca was the god of Spring, and Blue Tezcatlipoca was none other than the sinister Huitzilopochtli, the warrior god of the Sun, whose orders the Aztecs carried out unquestioningly. Having mastered and embellished the Indian gods with their myths, the Aztecs began to be greatly burdened by their ancestry. Subsequently, with the help of archaeological fraud (the Aztecs diligently excavated Toltec cities and collected art objects found there), they managed to convince everyone around them, and, above all, themselves, that they were direct descendants of the builders of the ancient pyramids.

Teotihuacan - a step between the Olmec and Aztec civilizations?

A The Tseks believed that man lived in five eras. After the light of the Fourth Sun disappeared from the heavens, the penultimate era ended. The gods gathered here in Teotihuacan and began to argue about who should be the fifth Sun. As a result of this, two gods self-immolated. The first god, Tecusiztecatl, was cowardly and arrogant, he jumped into the ashes, as a result of which he became the Moon. Another god, Nanauatzin, burned out immediately and became the Sun.

Z Then the Toltecs came and built their capital Tula, one of whose rulers was Topiltzin Se Acatl Quetzalcoatl. He was very peaceful. He covered his ears when people approached him about military matters. The Toltec god taught people to use fire for cooking. He built houses and taught men and women to live as husband and wife. The Feathered Serpent created laws, opened medicine and corn to people, getting it from the Mountain of Provision. He gave a calendar according to which the exact date of the end of the Fifth Sun was established, December 23, 2012. And yet, the end of the age of Quetzalcoatl was laid by Tezcatlipoca, according to one version he was the high priest, according to another - a god. According to legend, his henchmen gave Quetzalcoatl a mirror so that he could look at his decrepit body. The sadness that gripped him was used by sorcerers who offered him a cure for old age. Quetzalcoatl was given pulque to drink, after which he entered into a relationship with his sister, thereby violating all the principles that he himself instilled in the Toltecs. Tezcatlipoca demanded the sacrifice of people, which the warlike Toltecs and then the Aztecs really liked. According to their ideas, profuse hemorrhages on the altar of the gods helped delay the end of the Fifth Sun. They believed that the gods and people entered into an unspoken agreement on mutual support - the gods gave life to people, people made sacrifices to the gods, feeding them with energy, which appeared to the Indians in the form of gas. It was believed that it could be obtained from the head, heart and liver.

WITH The largest mass sacrifices began already under the Aztecs. Beheading, burning, throwing from great heights, strangulation, and killing with arrows were practiced. The Aztecs performed large sacrifices of captives and slaves monthly in the center of their capital, Tenochtitlan, on Mount Serpent. Two deities were worshiped here: Tlaloc, the god of Rain, and Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. But they never forgot the legend of Quetzalcoatl, who, having sailed on a raft of snakes in 999 to Yucatan, promised to return in the year "Se Acatl", the year of the reed rod, which corresponded to 1519. And when the Spaniards appeared (Cortez sailed to the continent in 1519), they without hesitation mistook him for Quetzalcoatl.
Then everyone knows what happened...

Additionally:
article by Brent Gardner "The Fathers of Quetzalcoatl". Materials from the magazine are used on this page

and Walking on the ground.

Translation by M. Bylinkina

Etzalcoatl (“snake covered with green feathers” or “precious twin”), in the mythology of the Indians of Central America, one of the three main deities, the creator god of the world, the creator of man and culture, the lord of the elements, the god of the morning star, twins, the patron of the priesthood and science, ruler of the Toltec capital - Tollan. He had many forms, the most important of which are: Ehecatl (god of the wind), Tlayizcalpantecuhtli (god of the planet Venus), Xolotl (god of twins and monsters), Se-Acatl, etc. Quetzalcoatl is the son of Mixcoatl and Chimalmat. The first images of Quetzalcoatl discovered in Olmec sculpture date back to the 8th-5th centuries. BC. During this period, Quetzalcoatl was the personification of the winds from the Atlantic that brought moisture to the fields, and the cultural hero who gave people maize. In the 1st-6th centuries. AD The cult of Quetzalcoatl spread throughout Central America. He became the supreme god, the creator of the world, the creator of people (see in Art. Mictlantecuhtli) and the founder of culture.

Quetzalcoatlus gets food for people: having turned into an ant, it penetrates the anthill where maize grains are hidden, steals them and gives them to people. Quetzalcoatl taught people to find and process precious stones, build, create mosaics from feathers, monitor the movements of the stars and calculate dates using the calendar. During the same period, Quetzalcoatl also appeared as the patron of the priesthood: according to myth, he is the institute of sacrifices, fasts and prayers. In the subsequent period, Quetzalcoatl entered into a fight with his antipode Tezcatlipoca. Tezcatlipoca seduces old Quetzalcoatl, and he violates his own prohibitions: he gets drunk, enters into communication with his sister. Misfortunes happen to his subjects, the Toltecs, caused by the same Tezcatlipoca. The distressed Quetzalcoatl leaves Tollan and goes into voluntary exile in the country of the East, where he dies and his body is burned. According to one of the Aztec myths, after the defeat in Tollan, Quetzalcoatl retired on a raft of snakes to the eastern overseas country of Tlilan-Tlapallan, promising to return from overseas after some time. Therefore, when the bearded Spanish conquerors landed on the east coast of Mexico in the year dedicated to Quetzalcoatl, the Aztecs initially mistook the Spanish leader Cortez for the returned Quetzalcoatl.

Quetzalcoatl was depicted as a bearded man in a mask with huge lips, or as a snake covered with feathers. The number of his images in manuscripts and on sculpture monuments is enormous. The veneration of Quetzalcoatl came to the Aztecs from the Huastecs, therefore in Aztec manuscripts he was often depicted in Huastec clothing: a high cap made of jaguar skin, the same loincloth, a breast plate in the form of a large shell, a plume of Quetzal feathers. The main sanctuary was located in Cholula (Mexico). The name Quetzalcoatl became the title of the high priests, the rulers of the real Tollan (Tula).

R.V. Kinzhalov. Encyclopedia “Myths of the Peoples of the World” in 2 vols.

The quetzal is a rare bird found in the rugged highlands of northern Guatemala and nearby Honduras. The multi-colored tail feathers of the quetzal were very valuable and have long been an item of luxury; they were used to decorate the clothes of the nobility.

"Coatl" means "snake" in the Aztec language. Quetzalcoatl - a snake man, “covered with the green feathers of a quetzal” - is one of the main gods in Aztec mythology, the creator of the world and man, the god of wisdom, creation and inspiration, the patron of crafts.

In addition, the Indian chronicles tell of Quetzalcoatl, a great ruler who retired to the East, only to return later. That is why the Indians so peacefully greeted the Spanish conquerors who sailed from the east in the year dedicated to Quetzalcoatl, mistaking them for the messengers of the divine ruler.

In the book “The Tale of Quetzalcoatl,” José López Portallo (writer and politician, President of Mexico since 1976) said:

This is how the light flashes and the world is created -
He wants to form it in his own way
Quetzalcoatl - Feather on scales,
Eagle-Snake, Boy in the Sky
and Walking on the ground.

Translation by M. Bylinkina

The Mayan Indians called Quetzalcoatl Kukulkan. He was depicted as a feathered serpent with a human head. However, the number of images of Quetzalcoatl is huge; the earliest dates back to the 8th - 5th centuries BC.

"Mythological bestiary"
Kaliningrad, 1999

In pre-Columbian Central American cultures, the snake (coatl in Aztec) represented the fifth day of the calendar. For all those born under this sign, she was predominantly a negative omen, since she was considered a homeless and poor creature. People dependent on this sign become traveling traders and warriors, forced to roam from place to place.

On the contrary, the divine being Quetzalcoatl, adorned with the green feathers of the quetzal bird (the quetzal is a bright green bird, has tail feathers over two feet long, and when it flies, the bird looks like a shimmering snake), has high religious significance, and it combines symbolic qualities of the bird and the snake as a dualistic system connecting heaven and earth.

…Coacecoalcos means Sanctuary of the Serpent. It was here, in ancient times, that Quetzalcoatl and his companions landed on the shore, arriving in Mexico from across the sea on ships whose sides shone like snakeskin.

G. Hancock, “Traces of the Gods”

According to Indian legends, Quetzalcoatl left Central America by sea, sailing on a raft made of snakes.

The polarity of bird and snake is reflected, in particular, in the coat of arms of the city of Mexico (Tenochtitlan in Aztec), which depicts an eagle sitting on a cactus with a snake in its claws. This combination has great significance throughout the world as a symbol of opposites and their union.

Lurker M., “Eagle and Snake”, 1983.

In the ancient Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), sacred places are decorated with the heads of feathered serpents, and the entrance to the Temple of Quetzalcoatl is guarded by the gaping mouth of a giant serpent.

Such images of Aztec serpents are prevalent in many other sacred sites, such as Teotihuacan in Mexico. The ancient Mayans also worshiped a feathered serpent god they called Kukulkan. Throughout Central America, designs with snake motifs predominated in the settlements of the Aztecs, Mayans and Toltecs - they can still be seen there today.

In the book of de Burburg, the Mexican demigod Wotan, talking about his journey, describes an underground passage that ran underground and ended at the base of the heavens, adding that this passage was the Serpent's Hole, un agujero de colubra; and that he was admitted there because he himself was the Son of Serpents or the Serpent.

Hans Biedermann "Encyclopedia of Symbols"
Jorge Luis Borges "The Book of Fictional Creatures"

Teotihuacan is the city of the gods, the place where people became gods; the abode of those who know the way to the gods. Legend says that the pyramids were built by giants in order to turn people into gods. The Temple of Quetzalcoatl is a six-step pyramid, 22 meters high. It preserves the remains of the multi-colored colors that covered it in ancient times. The design was dominated by a sculptural motif in the form of huge snake heads that peeked out from the facing slabs and flanked the massive central staircase. The elongated jaws were burdened with fangs, and each snake had a crown of feathers on its thick neck.