What will the earth look like after a nuclear war? What will happen during and after a nuclear war: consequences. Canned food will be edible

As everyone knows, at the moment there is only one superpower in the world - the USA. shows that all powerful powers tried to expand their possessions (or, as they now say, their sphere of interests) as much as possible. This was the case with the Roman, British and Russian empires. America is no exception: those in power are well aware that stopping the expansion of the sphere of influence in the world means the imminent demise of a superpower.

The difference between the United States and other empires lies in the fact that, firstly, the Americans have a huge nuclear stockpile, and also in the fact that the government still retained firm power within the country, and, most importantly, the foreign policy appetite that has always been inherent in our overseas "partners".

Meanwhile, two other powerful countries are rising to their feet - Russia and China, which do not want to sacrifice their national interests one iota. Like two thunderstorm fronts or two tectonic plates, a clash of interests between the great powers of our time is coming. No matter how intelligent a person is and no matter what brain centers work on both sides of the front, man is not yet able to overcome his old natural instincts. To understand this, it is enough to look at what is happening in the world.

Why will a disaster happen in the near future? Let's look first at the financial markets, which, like the tides, rise and fall. Such cyclicality is inherent in markets, but not only. Similarly, we observe a cyclical pattern in wars: a crisis is followed by a war, after which a period of formation begins. And so on. The same thing happens with earthquakes in seismically unstable areas. Considering that for quite a long time, humanity as a whole lived without major wars or upheavals, it is logical to assume that we have come just to the very cliff when a rapid decline begins. In financial terms, the market has hit a resistance level, which in most cases means a downward rebound. And the stronger the growth, the faster the fall will be.

So, there are historical, natural and even financial signals that a catastrophe is coming. But why, if nuclear war was avoided during the Cuban Missile Crisis, will this not happen now? Paradoxically, the answer lies in the progress of technology and the knowledge that has accumulated since then. The fact is that both the Americans and the Russians realized one simple thing: a nuclear war does not always mean the complete disappearance of humanity or the destruction of the planet. Radiation damage or the consequences of nuclear strikes are overestimated due to the fact that this area is unknown to humanity. And everything unknown is overgrown with myths and horror stories.

Proof of this is the Chernobyl disaster or the bombing of Japanese cities with nuclear bombs in 1945. Few people know that as a result of the Chernobyl accident, only 31 people died in the first 3 months, and up to 100 more within a year. These were the heroes who visited the epicenter of a radioactive fire. And, for example, life returned quite quickly to Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and now about 1.6 million people live there with an average life expectancy of 80 years.

In addition to these facts, we must not forget that a certain part of the ballistic missiles or warheads will be shot down. Warning of the missile launch will be given in advance, and most residents will be able to take shelter underground. If we consider the territories of two potential adversaries - the United States and the Russian Federation, then it is also easy to come to the conclusion that after the strikes there will be a place where it will be possible to start a new life. In addition, there are now quite effective methods for disinfecting territories after nuclear strikes, after which you can safely return back like the same Japanese.

Both the military and politicians know all this, so the line between the outbreak of a nuclear war has become more vague than before. They are ready to cross the red line more readily. And if the western tectonic plate continues its systematic movement to the east, then an earthquake with nuclear fallout will definitely not be avoided. Which, based on my observations, will happen in the next couple of years.

A large number of geological, paleontological and archaeological evidence indicates that about 13,000 years ago something terrible happened on the entire planet, destroying not only many representatives of the animal world, but also the developed civilization that existed at that time, and almost leading humanity to death.

The fact that Plato attributed the death to the same time is clearly not a coincidence... Many attribute the famous Flood to approximately the same period. In total, about 200 animal species become extinct at this time. At the same time, when there is a mass extinction of animals such as mammoths, saber-toothed tigers, woolly rhinoceroses, etc., there is evidence of various geological disasters - strong earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, giant tidal waves, rapid melting of glaciers and, as a result, rising levels oceans.

The finds of a huge number of quickly frozen animal corpses in western Alaska and in the eastern regions of Siberia date back to this time. This suggests that something terrible happened on the planet, with the Northern Hemisphere suffering more than the Southern Hemisphere, it seems.

In the 40s of the last century, American archaeologist Frank Hibben led a scientific expedition to Alaska to search for human fossils. He didn't find them, but he found them in the permafrost vast spaces, filled with the corpses of mammoths, mastodons, bison, horses, wolves, and lions. Many animal corpses were literally torn to pieces. And such fields of permafrost with the remains of animals spread for hundreds of kilometers around... There were trees, animals, layers of peat and moss, mixed together, as if some giant cosmic mixer had sucked them all in 13,000 years ago and then flash frozen, turning into a solid mass.

North of Siberia entire islands are formed from animal bones carried from the continent into the Arctic Ocean. According to some estimates, 10 million animals may be buried along the rivers of northern Siberia. This indicates that a huge tsunami swept through these lands, mixing animals and plants, which then quickly froze.

But animal extinction was not limited to the Arctic. Huge piles of mixed mammoth and saber-tooth tiger bones found in Florida. Mastodons and other animals have also been found flash frozen in mountain glaciers.

It was a global event. The mammoths and bison of Siberia disappeared at the same time as giant rhinoceroses in Europe, mastodons in Alaska and American camels. It is quite obvious that the cause of all this extinction was common, and it did not occur gradually.

What could have caused such a global cataclysm?

The theory of “glacial floods” was proposed by Graham Hancock... What could have caused such a catastrophically rapid melting of glaciers? According to American scientists Richard Firestone and William Topping, the entire Great Lakes region of North America was the site of a “nuclear disaster” that occurred about 12,500 years ago.

Dr. Paul LaViolette, in his book Earth Under Fire, states that he has found evidence of a different kind of cataclysm, caused by a stream of high-energy particles that overtook the Earth as a result of an explosion at the core of our Galaxy. This is another attempt to explain the cause of the “nuclear disaster” in North America.

There are also suggestions that a collision of the Earth with a sufficiently large celestial body (the stated figure is at least 50 meters) at a “critical angle” can also lead to a catastrophically rapid shift of the earth’s crust.

The fall of the ancient Moon to Earth led to a shift in its axis. Otto Mack in his book “The Secret of Atlantis” (Muck, Otto, The Secret of Atlantis) writes about numerous mysterious bays in the states of North and South Carolina, which, in his opinion, are the remains of meteorite craters. They are oval in shape and oriented in one direction. Some researchers believe that these craters are the result of a “meteor shower” that occurred approximately 13 thousand years ago. Amazes the number of such craters is more than 500 thousand, located on the coastal plain from Georgia to Delaware.

But could even such a massive “shelling” of the Earth cause a global catastrophe with kilometer-long tsunamis, etc.? Of course, if this was indeed a consequence of the disintegration of a satellite, even if it was not too large compared to the current Moon, then larger fragments were probably encountered...

On the ground over a hundred craters with a diameter of 2-3 kilometers were found, among which there are two huge ones: in South America (diameter - 40 km) and in South Africa (diameter - 120 km). If they had been formed in the Paleozoic era (350 million years ago), then nothing would have remained of them long ago, since the thickness of the upper layer of the Earth increases by about a meter every hundred years.

And the funnels are still intact. This suggests that the nuclear attack occurred 25-35 thousand years ago. Taking 100 craters for 3 km, we find that 5000 Mt of bombs were exploded during the war. These facts confirm that there was. The fire burned “for three days and three nights” (as the Mayan Codex of Rio says) and resulted in nuclear rain - where the bombs did not fall, radiation fell. Another terrible phenomenon caused by radiation is light burns of the body. They are explained by the fact that the shock wave propagates not only along the ground, but also upward. Reaching the stratosphere, it destroys the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet light is known to burn unprotected areas of the skin. Nuclear explosions resulted in a significant decrease in pressure and poisoning of the gas composition of the atmosphere, killing the survivors.

People tried to escape death in their underground cities, but rainstorms and earthquakes destroyed the shelters and drove the inhabitants back to the surface of the earth. Previously, scientists believed that the “pipes” that operate in our time, going from caves to the surface of the earth, are of natural origin. In fact, they are made with . These “pipes” have a regular rounded shape, which is unusual for funnels of natural origin (there are many of them in the caves of the Perm region, including in the vicinity of the city of Kungur).

In Antarctica, high in the mountains, American scientist Joseph Skipper discovered a mysterious hole. Where it leads is unknown. According to legend, inside Antarctica there are warm cavities that contain the remains of aliens or extinct developed civilizations. Other legends claim that Antarctica was once Atlantis.

Of course, this is hard to believe, but how can we then explain the entrance and ice-free oases with ice-free lakes and a rather mild climate? A team of scientists from Japan and China illuminated a 5-kilometer layer of ice with radar. It turned out that previously, on the site of permafrost, there were mountains and plains with flowering meadows. Frozen plants and trees are still hidden under the ice. But it’s almost impossible to get to them.

Before the disaster, Atlantis was a huge state, which is why traces of this country are found on different continents. Artifacts remaining from the city, of which Atlantis was once a part, are often mistakenly attributed to it. This is directly stated in Plato’s notes, in a dialogue with an Egyptian priest.

One of the cities of Atlantis was recently discovered in Spain

A group of researchers claims that they have finally established the location of one of the Atlantean cities. Scientists suggested that he was buried under water as a result of a devastating tsunami. Data obtained through radar, digital mapping and other technical innovations have allowed experts to identify an entire city hidden under the swamps of Dona Ana Park, a place north of Cadiz. The complex of buildings is built in the form of concentric rings - in strict accordance with the description of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato.

The main guide from which scientists started in their research was historical records dating back to 360 BC. The Greek philosopher Plato 2.6 thousand years ago described Atlantis as “an island located opposite the Pillars of Hercules.” According to his information, civilization was destroyed in just one day, and the city of Atlantis disappeared forever under the water. According to these descriptions, a group of archaeologists and geologists focused their attention on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea - and, in the end, luck smiled on them. According to representatives of the research group, a natural disaster led to the death of Atlantis. An important piece of the historical puzzle is the elevated methane levels above the ancient ruins. The release of gas, scientists said, indicates that a huge number of people died at this site overnight.

7. The winning side saved many representatives of the red race and resettled them on the American continent.

8. After eliminating most of the environmental consequences of nuclear war, representatives of the white race began to actively help other peoples in raising their evolutionary levels of development, by transferring to them some knowledge and training.

Nikolay Levashov: Antlan, Atlantis. Thermonuclear war 13 thousand years ago.

The Cold War ended more than two decades ago, and many people have never lived under the threat of nuclear annihilation. However, nuclear attack is a very real threat. Global politics are far from stable and human nature has not changed in recent years or in the last two decades. “The most constant sound in the history of mankind is the sound of the drums of war.” As long as nuclear weapons exist, there is always the danger of their use.

Is it really possible to survive after a nuclear war? There are only forecasts: some say “yes”, others say “no”. Keep in mind that modern thermonuclear weapons are numerous and several thousand times more powerful than the bombs dropped on Japan. We really don't fully understand what will happen when thousands of these munitions explode at the same time. For some, especially those living in densely populated areas, trying to survive may seem completely futile. However, if a person survives, it will be someone who is morally and logistically prepared for such an event and lives in a very remote area of ​​no strategic importance.

Steps

Preliminary preparation

Make a plan. If a nuclear attack occurs, you will not be able to go outside, as it will be dangerous. You should remain protected for at least 48 hours, but preferably longer. With food and medicine on hand, you can at least temporarily not worry about them and focus on other aspects of survival.

Stock up on foods that are not perishable. These foods can last for several years, so they should be available to help you tide over an attack. Choose foods that are high in carbohydrates so you can get more calories for less money. They should be stored in a cool, dry place:

• White rice
• Wheat
• Beans
• Sugar
• Pasta
• Powdered milk
• Dried fruits and vegetables
• Build up your supply gradually. Every time you go to the grocery store, buy one or two items for your dry rations. You'll end up stocking up for several months.
• Make sure you have a can opener for opening cans.

1. You must have a supply of water. Water can be stored in food-grade plastic containers. Clean them with a bleach solution and then fill them with filtered and distilled water.

   • Your goal is to have 4 liters per person per day.
   • To purify water in the event of an attack, keep regular chlorine bleach and potassium iodide (Lugol's solution) on hand.

2. You must have means of communication. Staying informed, as well as being able to alert others to your location, can be vital. Here's what you might need:

   • Radio. Try to find one that is crank operated or solar powered. If you have a radio with batteries, don't forget to have spares. If possible, tune into a radio station that broadcasts weather forecasts and emergency information 24 hours a day.
   • Whistle. You can use it to call for help.
   • Mobile phone. It's unknown whether cell service will work, but if it does, you should be prepared. If possible, find a solar charger for your phone model.

3. Stock up on medications. Having the necessary medications and the ability to administer first aid is a matter of life and death if you are injured in an attack. You will need:

   Prepare other items. Add the following to your survival kit:

   • Flashlight and batteries
   • Respirators
   • Plastic film and adhesive tape
   • Garbage bags, plastic ties and wet wipes for personal hygiene
   • Wrench and pliers to turn off gas and water.

4. Follow the news. A nuclear attack is unlikely to happen out of the blue. It will most likely be preceded by a sharp deterioration in the political situation. If a conventional war breaks out between countries that have nuclear weapons and does not end quickly, it could escalate into a nuclear war. Even isolated nuclear strikes in one region can escalate into an all-out nuclear conflict. Many countries have a rating system to indicate the imminence of an attack. In the USA and Canada, for example, it is called DEFCON.

   Assess the risk and consider evacuation if a nuclear exchange looks likely. If evacuation is not an option, then you should at least build a shelter for yourself. Rate your proximity to the following targets

   • Airfields and naval bases, especially those housing nuclear bombers, submarine-launched ballistic missiles, or bunkers. These places for sure would be attacked even with a limited exchange of nuclear strikes.
   • Commercial ports and airstrips over 3 km long. These places, probably for sure
   • Government buildings. These places, probably, would be attacked even with a limited exchange of nuclear strikes and for sure would be attacked in an all-out nuclear war.
   • Large industrial cities and most populated regions. These places, probably, would be attacked in the event of an all-out nuclear war.

5. Learn about the different types of nuclear weapons:

   • Atomic bombs are the main types of nuclear weapons and are included in other classes of weapons. The power of an atomic bomb is due to the fission of heavy nuclei (plutonium and uranium) when they are irradiated with neutrons. When each atom splits, a large amount of energy is released and even more neutrons. This results in an extremely fast nuclear chain reaction. Atomic bombs are the only type of nuclear bomb still used in warfare today. If terrorists are able to capture and use a nuclear weapon, it will most likely be an atomic bomb.
   • Hydrogen bombs use the ultra-high temperature of an atomic charge as a "spark plug". Under the influence of temperature and strong pressure, deuterium and tritium are formed. Their nuclei interact, and as a result, a huge release of energy occurs - a thermonuclear explosion. Hydrogen bombs are also known as thermonuclear weapons because the deuterium and tritium nuclei require high temperatures to interact. Such weapons are usually many hundreds of times stronger than the bombs that destroyed Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Most of the American and Russian strategic arsenal are just such bombs.

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Scientists began to study the issues of assessing the consequences of a possible nuclear war only in 1982.

It is known that nuclear war scenarios can be different, so the most likely ones were selected. If we consider the most “mild” options for a large-scale nuclear war, when about 40% of the available nuclear weapons with a total capacity of approximately 5000 Mt will be detonated within a few days in the northern hemisphere, then there will be the following consequences, which most scientists in the world agree with:

1. Direct losses from the damaging factors of nuclear explosions. In the first days, approximately 1 billion 150 million people will die, the same number will be seriously wounded, of which at least 70% will die. Taking into account radioactive contamination, losses will amount to 30–50% of the world's population.

2. A “nuclear night” will come due to smoke and dust raised into the atmosphere. Since in this case the supply of solar energy will be blocked by 90%. “Nuclear night” will last from 1.5 to 8 months in the northern hemisphere, and from 1 to 4 months in the southern hemisphere. Photosynthesis will cease both on earth and in the world's oceans.
As a result, all food chains will be disrupted: plants will die, then animals, and there will be famine for humanity.

3. “Nuclear winter” will come. Temperatures will drop in the northern hemisphere by 30–43 0 C (according to USSR scientists - by
15–20 0 C), in the southern – by 15–20 0 C. As a result of the sudden drop in temperature, and also, taking into account that the “nuclear winter” will last up to a year in the northern hemisphere, and up to 10 months in the southern hemisphere, all agricultural crops will perish crops, the ground will freeze to a depth of 1 m, there will be no fresh water, and famine will occur.

4. As a result of climate change, the number of natural disasters, especially storms, hurricanes, droughts and floods, will increase in various parts of the world.

5. Fires will occur. Forests (sources of oxygen and utilization of carbon dioxide) will burn out over an area of ​​at least 1 million sq. km. Fires in cities will cause the release of toxic gases in concentrations that will lead to poisoning of all living things. The gas composition of the atmosphere will change with unpredictable consequences for the biological world.

6. The ozone layer will decrease by 17–70%. It will take at least 10 years to restore it. During this time, the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun will be 100 times more intense than under normal conditions, and it is destructive to all living things.

Severe genetic consequences, mass death of people and animals from cancer, and degeneration of humanity are expected. True, in the first months after nuclear strikes, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun will be absorbed by dust and soot, and its influence will be insignificant.

7. According to the Swedish Academy of Sciences, due to lack of fuel, drinking water, as a result of hunger, collapse of medical care, etc. pandemics will arise with unpredictable consequences.

If a nuclear war breaks out on the planet, resulting in explosions of nuclear bombs, this will lead to thermal radiation, as well as local radioactive fallout. Indirect consequences, such as the destruction of power distribution systems, communications systems and social fabrics, are likely to lead to serious problems.

The impact of nuclear war on freshwater ecosystems. Likely climate changes will make the ecosystem of continental reservoirs vulnerable. Reservoirs that contain fresh water are divided into two types: flowing (streams and rivers) and standing (lakes and ponds). A sharp drop in temperature and a decrease in precipitation will affect the rapid reduction in the amount of fresh water stored in lakes and rivers. Changes will affect groundwater less noticeably and more slowly. The qualities of lakes are determined by their nutrient content, underlying rocks, size, bottom substrates, precipitation and other parameters. The main indicators of the response of freshwater systems to climate change are the likely decrease in temperature and decrease in insolation. The leveling off of temperature fluctuations is predominantly expressed in large bodies of fresh water. However, freshwater ecosystems, unlike the ocean, are forced to suffer significantly from temperature changes as a result of a nuclear war. The likelihood of exposure to low temperatures over a long period can lead to the formation of a thick layer of ice on the surface of water bodies. As a result, the surface of the shallow lake will be covered with a significant layer of ice, covering most of its territory. It should be noted that most of the lakes that are known and accessible to humans are rated as small. Such reservoirs are located in a group that will be subject to freezing to almost its entire depth. A nuclear war will have longer-term and more serious consequences due to changes in climate conditions. During this development, light and temperature will return to their original levels as winter approaches. If a nuclear war occurs in winter and causes climate disturbances during this period, in places where lake water has a normal temperature, approximately zero, this will entail an increase in ice cover. The threat to shallow lakes is too obvious, since water may freeze to the very bottom, which will lead to the death of the majority of living microorganisms. Thus, real climate disturbances in winter will affect freshwater ecosystems that do not freeze under normal conditions and will lead to very serious biological consequences. Current climate disruptions, either starting in the spring or delayed as a result of nuclear war, could delay the melting of the ice. With the arrival of frosts at the end of the spring period, there may be a global death of living components of ecosystems under the influence of lower temperatures and reduced light levels. If the temperature drops to below zero in the summer, the consequences may not be so disastrous, because many stages of development of life cycles will be behind. Next spring, the duration of the impact will be especially acute. Climate disturbances in the fall will lead to the least consequences for the ecosystem of northern water bodies, because at that time all living organisms will have time to go through the stages of reproduction. Even if the numbers of phytoplankton, invertebrates and decomposers are reduced to minimal levels, it is not the end of the world; once the climate returns to normal, they will revive.

Consequences of nuclear war. As a result of analyzing data on the susceptibility of ecosystems to the consequences that a nuclear war would have on the ecological environment, the following conclusions become obvious:

The planet's ecosystems are vulnerable to extreme climate disturbances. However, not in the same way, but depending on their geographical location, type of system and time of year in which disturbances will occur. As a result of the synergism of causes and the spread of their impact from one ecosystem to another, shifts occur that are much larger than could be predicted with the individual action of disturbances. In the case when atmospheric pollution, radiation and an increase in hydrocarbon radiation act separately, they do not lead to large-scale catastrophic consequences. But if these factors occur simultaneously, the result can be disastrous for sensitive ecosystems due to their synergy, which is comparable to the end of the world for living organisms. If a nuclear war were to occur, fires resulting from the exchange of atomic bombs could occupy large parts of the territory.

The revival of ecosystems after the impact of acute climate disasters, following a nuclear war of enormous scale, will depend on the level of adaptability to natural disturbances. In some types of ecosystems, the initial damage can be quite large, and the restoration can be slow, and absolute restoration to the original untouched state is generally impossible.

Episodic radioactive fallout can have an important impact on ecosystems.

Significant changes in temperature can cause very great damage, even if they occur over a short period of time. The ecosystem of the seas is quite vulnerable to a long-term decrease in illumination. To describe reactions of a biological nature to stress on a planetary scale, it is necessary to develop the next generation of ecosystem models and create a capacious database on their individual components and all ecosystems in general, subject to various experimental disturbances. Much time has passed since important attempts were made to experimentally describe the effects of nuclear war and its effects on biological circuitry. Today, this problem is one of the most important that have encountered on the path of human existence.

There are three possible global effects of a global nuclear conflict. The first of them is “nuclear winter” and “nuclear night”, when the temperature across the globe will sharply drop by tens of degrees, and the illumination will be less than on a moonless night. Life on Earth will be cut off from its main energy source - sunlight. The second consequence is radioactive contamination of the planet as a result of the destruction of nuclear power plants and radioactive waste storage facilities. And finally, the third factor is global hunger. Years of nuclear war will lead to a sharp decline in agricultural crops. The very nature of the impact of a large-scale nuclear war on the environment is such that, no matter how and when it begins, the end result is the same - a global biosphere catastrophe.

Multiple nuclear explosions will result in thermal radiation and local radioactive fallout. Indirect consequences, such as the destruction of communications, energy distribution systems and public institutions, can also be very serious.

Most of the destruction from a nuclear explosion will result from a shock wave traveling at supersonic speed (in the atmosphere - more than 350 m/s). While no one was looking, we took the W88 thermonuclear warhead with a yield of 475 kilotons, which is in service with the United States, and found out that if it exploded within a radius of 3 km from the epicenter, there would be absolutely nothing and no one left; at a distance of 4 km, buildings will be thoroughly destroyed, and beyond 5 km and further, the destruction will be medium and weak. The chances of survival will appear only if you are at least 5 km from the epicenter (and only if you manage to hide in the basement).

Light radiation

Causes ignition of flammable materials. But even if you find yourself far from gas stations and warehouses with Moment, you risk getting burns and eye damage. Therefore, hide behind some obstacle like a huge boulder, cover your head with a sheet of metal or other non-flammable thing and close your eyes. After a W88 explodes at a distance of 5 km, the shock wave may not kill you, but the light beam can cause second degree burns. These are the ones with nasty blisters on the skin. At a distance of 6 km there is a risk of getting first-degree burns: redness, swelling, swelling of the skin - in a word, nothing serious. But the most pleasant thing will happen if you happen to be 7 km from the epicenter: an even tan is guaranteed.

Electromagnetic pulse

If you are not a cyborg, the impulse is not scary for you: it only disables electrical and electronic equipment. Just know that if a nuclear mushroom appears on the horizon, taking a selfie in front of it is useless. The radius of the pulse depends on the height of the explosion and the surrounding situation and ranges from 3 to 115 km.

Penetrating radiation

Despite such a creepy name, the thing is fun and harmless. It destroys all living things only within a radius of 2–3 km from the epicenter, where the shock wave will kill you in any case.

Radioactive contamination

The meanest part of a nuclear explosion. It is a huge cloud consisting of radioactive particles raised into the air by an explosion. The area where radioactive contamination spreads strongly depends on natural factors, primarily on the direction of the wind. If W88 is detonated in a wind speed of 5 km/h, the radiation will be dangerous at a distance of up to 130 km from the epicenter in the direction of the wind (infection does not spread further than 3 km against the wind). The rate of death from radiation sickness depends on the distance of the epicenter, weather, terrain, characteristics of your body and a bunch of other factors. Infected people can either die instantly or live for years. How this happens is purely a matter of luck.