Permissible sulfur content diesel fuel. Examination of diesel fuel: Will Diesel welcome? Carcinogens and aromatics

Jokes with jokes, and when our material was almost ready for publication, in the American magazine MicrobioGiology I slipped the news: a mushroom produces, producing ... diesel fuel! Miracle tree, in whose wood there is such an advanced mold, grows somewhere in the northern Patagonia. I wonder if these mushrooms are familiar with Euro IV?

Of course, such messages are at the level of journalistic duck. Real diesel fuel consists of approximately 900 hydrocarbon compounds, and nothing like that does not create any fungus. Therefore, we will not chase the "mushroom" fuel, we will limit ourselves to the analysis of what is sold on Russian gas stations.

Razling the horror: Our diesel fuel is complete rubbish, it is impossible to refuel. So let's see how these fears are justified. Looking far ahead, say the main thing: the results obtained although they reveal a bunch of problems, but they say unequivocally: it is not so terrible, as it is small. At least, none of the fuel samples put on the tests to the suspension of the motor will not lead to a sudden fatal outcome. But first things first.

To carry out this work, we attracted six (!) Laboratories in two capitals. The cost of work is modestly default, but precisely because of it, we decided to limit the six samples of diesel fuel from various refills - from the metropolitan until the lost in the province.

Began as always, with trips on gas station. We described the selection technique as early as SP, 2008, No. 1, however ...

Selection method and good people

It is the opinion that each buyer can find out whether the fuel is high-quality sold on a gas station. To do this, you just need to ask a copy of the quality passport. And we tried.

Hey, kind, I do not catch up with something ... I allowed you to remove? Machine aside, myself for me. Understood?

A kind person with a grinding gas station was very unhappy. He poked his finger into an ancient piece of paper hanging on his "hut": read and remember, if such curious, and we do not hold copies. But when, instead of xerox, we applied the camera, he left the refuge and resolutely demanded satisfaction.

Here is our job. We will not force passion, we note the main thing: the car did not suffer, the good person managed to react, and the certificate is in the photo.

So, six samples are selected, all 40 liters. About what parameters we checked and that in the country are called a diesel fuel, read below. Recall also that the country of Russia is not south, but the sampling took place at the end of October. Owners of modern diesel engines, who are reluctant to think about the content of the tables, we suggest just look at the photo of the gas station. The farther from the beginning, the less this fuel is suitable for you.

Cetane and sulfur, winter and summer

Do not write today at the dispensing column "EURO IV" - not to respect yourself. Let it be on a crown stencil yes on a rusty surface, but as he sounds! And it does not matter that neither in existing, nor in promising regulatory documents there is no such brand of diesel fuel! Mention "Euro" so far should be considered not as a sign of high quality, but rather as a marketing stroke! As, by the way, the checks and quality passports were confirmed - anywhere in the cherished word with the Roman number and in risen.

As for the data obtained, we did not expect such a difference. Ensure yourself - everything is reduced to the table. The variation of the CC magnitude was as many as six units. The lowest is 49 units - in samples from container gas stations the era of the locomotive of the Turtle. And the leader in this nomination is the "Kirishiavtoservice" fuel, which laid as much as 55 cetan units. For a promising euro V on this parameter pulls! Only that's why? However, about it below.

From Cetane - to gray. If according to the old GOST, it was allowed to produce fuel of two types - with a sulfur content of 0.2 and 0.5%, then the euro IV admits only 50 PRM (that is 50 parts per million), and euro V in general displays the definition limit - 10 PPM. It is 100 times less respectively! And we have? The difference in the content of sulfur - 70 times! Leader - LUKOIL: only 60 ppm. The leader on the other hand is the "Kirishiavtoservis" fuel: 0.41%. What do the quality passports say? And the fact that the purchased Kirish wasolar is made through the ancient GOST 305-82 and really corresponds to him! As for Euro IV, the content of sulfur with all samples, except Lukoilovsky, is far from these requirements.

Modern diesel is very sensitive to fuel quality.

In modern regulatory documents, its lubricating ability is rigidly ignored. Sulfur and sulfur compounds perform the role of a kind of lubricant, but they were removed, replacing with special lubricant additives, quite, by the way, expensive. For this part in the leaders again LUKOIL! Although sulfurs in its sample completely small, but also the slick of contact is the smallest - 268 microns. Healthy! The diesel fuel from the BR for this parameter is also good. But the rustic sample, bought on a funny container refueling with the inscription "Euro IV" on the background of a dead tractor, failed on this parameter with a crash!

And what fuel we poured? For summer or winter operation? Maybe for the spring-autumn season, as permitted in GOST R 52368-2005? Two samples from one capital are transitional, from the other - summer, and the village - inversion: one winter, other summer. Just 900 km from the Tula region to Leningrad, and which seasonal fluctuations: in the north still summer, and in the south, in Moscow, is already autumn. On the highway, in general, the tropical climate with Lita in winter alternates.

Carcinogens and aromatics

How do the group composition of diesel fuel and its carcinogenic hazard correlate? In the protocol from the Russian oncological center, it is clearly written: the more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAU), the greater the benz (a) of the pyground. And what do our results give?

In the sample with the minimum content of polycyclic aromatics of benz (a) the pyrene is really least. But further solid wonders. Four samples have a PAU content approximately the same - about 6%, and the content of the evil carcinogen benz (a) -pire is in them differ by 2.5 times. And the funny thing is that in one of the samples from this four, where Pau is at least a little bit, but less, the benz (a) the pyrene turned out to be the most! But in the sample with the maximum content of PAU, a relatively moderate number of the aforementioned carcinogen was found. The fact is that aromatic compounds are divided into light and heavy - the latter and include carcinogenic substances. It is about their presence and indicates a benz (a) of Pyrene, who is officially recognized by their indicator.

Now the most fun! According to this analysis, the most humane dielair was the one that bought ... in the village on the highway. Benz (a) The pyrene in it is almost four times less than in Lukoil fuel! How is such a miracle for winter fuel, barely breaking even in accordance with GOST 305-82 by the flash temperature parameter and with very weak lubricant properties?

Oilmen laughs: they say, such a picture is usually observed when it makes winter from summer fuel, placing kerosene to diesel fuel.

No need to fill an old diesel for modern diesel fuel, and a new one - ancient!

The most noisy thing

A whole week, the Laboratory Corps shakeped the YMZ-238 Diesel roar is perturbed, then the peaceful. And the neighbors on the body have grumbled: "When will it all end?".

Stretch! And reaffirmed the former conclusions: it is not necessary to offer the old Diesel to a new solarium, as well as the new one - old. This is the complete opposite of the situation with gasoline. And all because for the workflow of any diesel engine, at least the old, even new, is not the content of sulfur, carcinogens, or lubricating fuel, and its composition, cetane number, viscosity, density, surface tension coefficient, the presence of combustion catalysts. And the majority of these parameters in the states of the Eurovertop will not be determined!

For testing, we took a large diesel, because 90% of the diesel fuel in the country are consumed by trucks and agricultural machines, and more than 70% of them are domestic. It is they who strongly determine the level of environmental pollution. But since the fuel "Euro" is intended for more modern machines, we simulated this situation: In addition to basic adjustments designed for diesel fuel with a low cetane number, the test cycle with a new adjustment, specially selected under the "euro", was repeated.

Fans of numbers again send to the tables. With basic adjustments, the best results in economy showed one of the fuels with the lowest cetane number - 49. Especially this is noticeable on the modes of small loads, there is a difference between the samples of something exceeds 15%. With an increase in the engine load, the difference begins to shrink up to 3-4%. The worst result of the diesel fuel with the highest cetane number and in that strange - winter, bought in the village. Motor confirms: he does not tolerate experiments on fuel! But on the adjustments under the "Euro", the picture was changed. The optimum of the cetane number was immediately shone in the area of \u200b\u200b52-53 units, but still - the process deterioration is observed on a high CC. So, physics does not deceive any pieces of paper!

Smoky mark

In the exhaust gases of the diesel engine, there is practically no carbon monoxide, since the diesel is plowing on very poor compared to the gasoline engine of the fuel and air mixture. Unburned hydrocarbons here are also significantly less than in a gasoline motor. But they are the main carriers of carcinogens. And if you recalculate carcinogenic hazard of the exhaust gases, taking into account the release of CH, then the winner's laurels, with which we almost averaged strange fuel from the village with a dead tractor, quickly moved to the sample selected for BP gas stations. But for LUKOIL in this nomination, the trouble came from the high content of benz (a) -piren in the initial fuel.

But the main thing in the assessment of the toxicity of the exhaust gases of diesel is the content of solid particles (smoke, that is) and nitrogen oxides. The deviation of the exhaust gases on theory significantly affects the deviation of the value of the cetane number from the optimal value - this was confirmed by testing. True, again the fuel from the village was separated - everything is not like everyone else! As for the nitrogen oxides, which are trying to put pressure and urea, and recycling, they are easier to overcome, shifting the injection advanced angle. Look in the table: in this way, by implementing the engine adjustment on the euro, we reduced the NOx content more than twice! And in order not to ruin the efficiency and power of the motor, just need fuel with improved flammability properties, that is, with a higher cetane number. What is in the EuroSolam and done.

No need to turn on the end of the full liquidation of sulfur in the fuel!

Is it possible to buy diesel?

Buy - you can! But to refuel - more closely: the spread of fuel parameters is crazy. The root cause, in our opinion, became non-professionalism of officials who spawned paper confusion. While there will be several regulatory documents at once in the country, according to which it is possible to produce both fuel of the Euro minus one and euro V, there will be no order. And the new technical regulation entered in its current form will not fix the situation, but only aggravate.

Specific recommendations where to go behind the diesel fuel, give it difficult. After all, neither taste, or on the color of the quality of fuel is not to determine. It remains to trust the passports that should be on each gas station. To pay attention to how fuel is made according to. If you are going to feed the battered life of KAMAZ, then it does not need to fuel like "Euro" (the numbers are lowered at the reasons specified above). But it will not hurt him especially, only the consumption of fuel due to the non-optimal cetane number will increase slightly and it will become more at high loads. But there will be a win on the resource and motor itself, and its fuel equipment.

On the other hand, new foreign cars with diesel engines, worked on the old GOST 305-82, is contraindicated. It is better to search for another gas station.

And further. What is the quality of diesel fuel can be said if in the country of all the para-triple laboratories under force this quality to check? Invest the money in them! But the fashionable prefix "Nano" to these laboratories do not attach, and without it, funding is going today as a tight.

The inscription "Euro IV" on the column is most often a marketing stroke. There is no such thing in our GOST!

Constant improvement of technology and tightening environmental standards leads to an increase in requirements for quality of fuel . Much attention is paid to sulfur content in petroleum products and oil. This parameter is necessarily reflected in the quality passport.

Sulfur impurities are present in any oil grade and in all petroleum products by making up 0,05 before 6% from the total mass. Survy compounds are unevenly distributed over all fractions, even in deep peeled distillates. The high content of sulfur in fuel is undesirable for many reasons:

• sulfur toxic and is the reason for the unpleasant smell of petroleum products,
• reduces the resistance of gasoline to detonation,
• provocates increased integrated in cracking,
• increases corrosion activity,
• couples of sulfur compounds annoy the respiratory pathways of a person and worsen the state of the plants.

However, it is impossible to completely exclude sulfur from the fuel. For example, if the sulfur content in diesel fuel is below 0.035%, then its lubricants will significantly deteriorate, which leads to accelerating the wear of the elements of the car's fuel system. To prevent this, additives that improve lubricating properties are added to the diesel fuel. But they are still not allowed, as serial production has not yet been established. The only output is to reduce the amount of sulfur in petroleum products by establishing strict standards.

Sulfur classification of oil

GOST R 51858-2002 Defines the classes of oil in the content of sulfur:

• Class 1 - alone - sulfur in total weight of 0.6%.
• Class 2 - sulfur - sulfur in total weight to 1.8%.
• Class 3 - high-sulfur - sulfurs in total weight up to 3.5%.
• Class 4 - highly high-sulfur - sulfurs in a total weight above 3.5%.

Oil typically contains clean sulfur (her little) and its derivatives. IN quality passport It is indicated by the share of common sulfur (pure sulfur + sulfur-containing impurities). The higher the sulfur content in oil, the lower its value.

The main share of sulfur compounds (50-80%) in petroleum products are almost neutral sulphides and disulfides. The most "unpleasant" sulfur derivatives are mercaptans. It is they who cause a sharp smell and more others provoke corrosion and the formation of resin. The content of mercaptans is limited to several hundredths percent depending on the type of fuel and is indicated in the quality data sheet separately.

Calm rates for different types of fuel

Serious content standards are installed for all types of fuel. The most stringent requirements are presented to car gasolines and jet fuel. The permissible sulfur content in them from 0.02 to 0.1%. The same requirements are presented to solvent gasoline.

Diesel fuel in terms of sulfice is divided into ecological classes. Today in Russia, the issue and use of only DT Class Euro-5 With sulfur content less than 10 mg / kg.

How to reduce sulfur content

The removal of sulfur from fuel is carried out on oil refineries in two ways:

Pre-oil is passed through filters to release from mechanical impurities. And then it is processed by catalytic hydrogenation at high temperatures. The cost of the desolated oil is roughly half the value of primary raw materials, but in this way it is possible to obtain oil with a sulfur content of up to 1%.

The second method involves the removal of sulfur from a part of heavy oil fractions using vacuum distillation. These fractions are then hydrogenated with hydrogen. The resulting non-helen raw material is mixed with the bulk, and the total sulfur content is reduced by 80-95%.

(No. 8 for 2010)
Vladimir Shkhachova

Sulfur

Diesel fuel is characterized by a number of sufficiently important parameters and one of the main among them is the content of sulfur. Theoretically, the presence of sulfur improves the lubricating properties of fuel, but it is simply nothing compared to those problems that occur during its combustion during engine operation. The resulting sulfur oxides react with water vapor to the formation of sulfur and sulfuric acids, which in one or another amount necessarily fall into the engine lubrication system. But, in addition, what kind of "euro" can be said if there are a pair of sulfuric acid from the exhaust pipe? Yes, and the neutralization systems of exhaust gases, and planting filters when using sulfur fuel quickly fail. Therefore, simultaneously with the growing requirements for the purity of exhaust gases, the requirements for the quality of fuel are naturally growing. Including the content of sulfur in it.

For example, in accordance with the current standards, the type of fuel must be indicated depending on the content of sulfur in it. In Russia since 2005 there is a standard "GOST R 52368-2005 (EN 590: 2004). Fuel diesel euro. Technical conditions ", and in Ukraine from January 1, 2008, a similar standard DSTU 4840: 2007" Fuel diesel improved quality came into force. Technical conditions "corresponding to the same standard EN 590: 2004. However, DSTU 3858-99 "Diesel fuel. Technical conditions ", replaced in Ukraine from September 1, 1999 GOST 305-82, still not canceled, he will act along with DSTU 4840: 2007 until the end of 2010

Table 1. Cetane number and limit sulfur content in diesel fuel of different types, mg / kg, depending on the standard

Characteristic	DSTU 3868-99	GOST R 52368-2005	DSTU 4840: 2007
Cetane number

* Fuel with a sulfur content of no more than 10 mg / kg in the accompanying documents is allowed to be denoted as "not containing sulfur".

Table. 2 Cetane numbers and limit sulfur content in diesel fuel of various environmental norms and standards

	Cetane number	Sulfur, mg / kg
DSTU 3868-99 **
GOST R 52368-2005 *
EN 590 (before January 1, 2005)
DSTU 4840: 2007 **
EN 590 (from January 1, 2005)

* Standard operating in Russia.

** Standards operating in Ukraine.

Thus, in Ukraine, it is now possible to reflect both a diesel fuel level Euro-5 containing sulfur in the amount of 10 mg / kg and the "Soviet" diesel engine, in which the sulfur concentration of 500 (!) Times more.

Frost resistance

Perhaps the second most important parameter of diesel fuel is its frost resistance, which is inversely proportional to the number of paraffins in it. When the temperature decreases, the paraffins have the property crystallized, as a result of which the diesel fuel first flies, then turns into "Kisel", and then hesitates at all. Therefore, the inalienable characteristics of diesel fuel are its parameters such as the turbidity temperature and the limiting temperature of the filtrate, which are specific for each type of diesel fuel and will be divided from one another by about 10 ºС.

At the same time, both of the above parameters are sufficiently conditional, and therefore should not think that it is possible to be painlessly used by a speedy fuel. Especially if the fuel filters do not have heated. Indeed, in this case, their filtering elements will take care of paraffin very quickly, which is no longer deleted. The fact that in this case the further operation of the engine is in principle impossible, we default. And to solve the problem, you will have to change very nothesive filter elements.

The cause of turbidity of diesel fuel is the emergence of groups of oriented paraffin molecules, which become centers for the formation of crystals. At the same time, the minimum allowable temperature of using diesel fuel, in which its normal pumping in the fuel system is ensured through the filter elements, at least 2 ºС exceeds the temperature of its clouding.

As for such a concept as "the limiting temperature of diesel fuel filterness", then it means that limit in which the cooled diesel fuel is capable of passing through the standard filter element at a certain speed. This indicator is used only to determine the possibility of starting the engine. But if in this case use non-heated fuel filters, they will immediately be blocked by paraffin.

This can be added that it is normalized by such a parameter as "the temperature of the diesel fuel", the cause of which is the splicing of hydrocarbon crystals among themselves into a rigid crystal lattice. The temperature of the frozen determines the possibility of transporting, refueling, draining and the diesel fuel in the tanks and has no practical value to determine the possibility of starting the engine or its operation.

And in order to be easily determined, in which temperature ranges, one or another diesel fuel can be used, according to the requirements of standards, a variety should be specified (depending on the values \u200b\u200bof the limiting filtral temperature, or class), as determined by both the temperature of the filtral and temperature, Lounge.

At the same time, the beability is set for fuel intended for use in zones with temperate climates, and vastity - for the Arctic zones.

Table 3. Requirements for low-temperature properties of diesel fuel (GOST R 52368-2005)

Name of the indicator
Limit Filter Temperature, ºС, not higher
Perpeneum temperature, ºС, not higher
Cetane number, not less

* N / N - not normalized.

At the same time, Ukrainian DSTU 4840: 2007 provides for the same six varieties (AF), but only two classes (0-1) of diesel fuel, which GOST R 52368-2005 regulates the smaller sulfur content and a higher cetane number (at least 51 ). Whereas DSTU 3868-99, which will act in Ukraine until 01.01.2011, provides for only two brands of diesel fuel: L - summer and z - winter.

Table 4. Requirements DSTU 3868-99 to low-temperature diesel fuel properties

In this regard, diesel fuel can be marked as follows:

- "Fuel diesel euro according to GOST R 52368-2005 (EN 590: 2004), grade A, type I";

- "Fuel Diesel Increased Quality (Euro) class 1, type II in accordance with DSTU 4840: 2007".

In short, to understand all this variety of varieties, classes and types of diesel fuel is quite difficult. Theoretically, kerosene can be used as a substitute for winter and arctic diesel engines for diesel engines. But almost this can not be done because Kerosene has two essential drawbacks. Firstly, its cetane number is about 40, which for normal engine operation too little. And secondly, Kerosin unlike the diesel fuel does not have lubricating properties, so all the fuel parts in the fuel system (TNVD, plunger pairs, etc.) will quickly come into disrepair.

A similar one is allowed only in exceptional cases and only as a temporary means, primarily on old engines with mechanical TNVD. But in this case, it is necessary to introduce anti-wear and cetaneous additives. It is believed that without damage to the engine, it is possible to add up to 20% kerosene in summer diesel fuel to reduce the temperature of its frozen. But this should also be considered only as an extreme measure, unacceptable on modern engines with high injection pressure.

Cetane number

An important indicator for diesel fuel is also a cetane number (CHC), which characterizes the rate of flammability of fuel - from the moment of its injection into the cylinder before the start of burning (delay period of self-ignition). And the higher the CC, the faster the diesel fuel ignites.

The numerical value of the CEC is equal to the percentage content of cetane (C16H34, the CCC of which is taken for 100) in its mixture with α-methylnaftalin (its cetane number is 0), the flammability of which is equivalent to the test tube. At the same time, the CH is determined by the test on the motor installation.

With a cetane number less than 40, thanks to a large period of delay in self-ignition, the fuel in the cylinder has time to warm up well, so the ignition is explosive, the pressure in the cylinder increases sharply, which leads to the stunches in the engine. Such a diesel engine is called tough, because it causes shock loads on the piston and the crankshaft bearings, which leads to their accelerated wear.

The higher the cetane number, less than the delay of ignition, the fuel mixture is growing smoothly, the way the engine and the ecological exhaust work. But it's good to certain limits. The diesel fuel with the CEC above 55, having a small period of delay in self-ignition, enrolling in the cylinder, does not have time to warm up well, so the pressure in the cylinder is growing uniformly and the engine works softly. However, the process of mixing formation deteriorates, since fuel does not have time to mix well with air, which leads to incomplete combustion of fuel, a drop in the power and engineering of the engine, an increase in the smoke of exhaust gases. In addition, diesel fuel with high CH and is much more expensive. Therefore, in contrast to an octane number, which the more - the better, the cetane number has its own working range of 40-55 units, the optimum of which is 51 - 53 units.

At the same time, standard diesel fuel is characterized by a cetane number of 40 - 45, and the top quality of the highest quality has a cetane number 51 - 55. According to modern standards of the CEC, summer and winter diesel fuel should be at least 49 units. (According to the standard EN 590: 2004, the CC should be at least 51, and the cetane index (the same, but determined by the estimated path) - at least 46.)

This can be added that the cetane number indirectly indicates the low-temperature characteristics of the fuel - than it is less, the lower the temperature of the pouring. Therefore, summer and winter diesel fuel usually have different CCs, and the Arctic diesel fuel is at all on the verge of hard engine. But here the soft work of the diesel engine is often deliberately sacrificed for ensuring its normal starting and pumping fuel through filters into severe frosts. At the same time, high-quality diesel fuel is lighter, contains more flammable light fractions and is therefore more suitable for starting the engine in cold weather. In addition, the ratio of hydrogen to carbon in the light fractions is higher, because less smoke is formed during the combustion of such diesel fuel.

Coxility, ash and others ...

Another normalized parameters of diesel fuel refers to its cokcability that contributes to the formation of deposits in the combustion chamber and on the piston rings, and ash content that determines the non-burning residue of the fuel. Thus, the cokingability of a decade-percent residue remaining after distilling off the volatile fractions of diesel fuel should be placed in 0.3%, and the ash content should not exceed 0.01%, whereas for the previous standards this value was ten times more.

As for different additives, they are usually added to the industrial way only to special diesel fuel varieties, primarily in the Arctic. Although sometimes manufacturers emit to the market and special grades of fuel.

These include, for example, Shell V-Power Diesel.

For the first time, this fuel was presented in Italy in 2002. And now it appeared in Ukraine. At the same time, neither Russian nor Belarusian drivers can still refer to such a flammable, despite the fact that Shell came to Russia much earlier than in Ukraine. In Belarus, there is no shell dressing at all.

New fuel is made on the basis of Eurodiesel, which meets Euro-4 standards (species II), with the addition of a special detergent additive NEMO 2010. At the same time, how the manufacturer declares, the composition of the Shell V-Power Diesel helps to remove the existing Nagar and prevents the formation of new deposits in Engine combustion chamber, which helps to extend its resource, stable power and improving environmental parameters. This fuel contains no more than 0.05% (50 mg / kg) sulfur, but it is worth it as AI-95.

At the assurances of the representatives of Shell, a run of 2400 km on the Shell V-Power Diesel fuel is enough for almost complete cleaning of the combustion chamber and the injector. Naturally, the advantages of this fuel to the greatest extent can manifest itself when used on cars with mileage, whereas on new cars the difference will be invisible.

Diesel fuel is obtained by refining oil, so sulfur compounds remain one of its components. Although there is no clean sulfur in the composition of fuel, its derivatives are still present in a sufficiently large quantity (up to 7%). To remove some of the sulfurous substances and increase the environmental friendliness of diesel fuel, various types of cleaning are used - hydrocracking and alkaline treatment with caustic soda.

The reasons for the restriction of sulfur content in the fuel are:

1. corrosive effect on piston elements;
2. appearance of nagar and deposits;
3. premature wear of the fuel and exhaust system;
4. exhaust smoke;
5. release of sulfur compounds and other harmful substances into the atmosphere;
6. missing standards, which limits the use of cars.

In order to extend the deadlines for the operation of diesel engines and avoid environmental pollution, restrictions on the sulfur content in diesel fuel are adopted.

Sulfur influence in diesel fuel on the engine

The existing standards rigidly regulate the fractional composition of combustible, including sulfur compounds. However, a certain percentage of such substances still remains despite the cleaning and processing of the feedstock. Fully remove sulphides and other sulfur elements are very expensive and unprofitable.

The presence of such sulfur substances when interacting with water vapor leads to the formation of sulfur and sulfuric acid. As a result, corrosion of metal parts of the piston group, fuel and exhaust system appear. The formation of deposits worsens heat dissipation, reduces compression, limits the mobility of the rings.

The effect of sulfur on the properties of fuel limits the technical characteristics of the diesel engines themselves, namely:

• reduced power;
• increased fuel consumption;
• worsen power and acceleration characteristics.

Due to the high content of sulfur in ships fuel or a combustion for other diesel engines, the combustion process itself changes. As a result, power loss is possible, reduced efficiency and deterioration of the dynamics of diesel.

It should be borne in mind that the low sulfur content is also not very good for diesel. With a decrease in sulfur compounds below 0.035%, lubricating properties of fuel are worse. As a result, premature wear appears and the timing of the operation of the fuel system is reduced. To eliminate this problem, special additives use.

Ecology standards diesel fuel

A certain balance between the content of sulfur and the environmentally friendly fuel was achieved with the appearance of relevant standards (Euro 0-6). These norms regulate the emission of harmful elements and the technical characteristics of diesel fuel. The last options received - Euro 5 and 6 (2009 and 2015, respectively), according to which harmful emissions should not exceed the following values:

1. carbon oxide - 0.5;
2. nitrogen oxide - 0.18 - 0.08;
3. weighted particles - 0.005.

The presence of hydrocarbon and volatile organic substances is not allowed.

Technical characteristics of diesel fuel

Cars, trucks, bus and special techniques fill with flammable in accordance with climatic conditions. There is summer, winter and arctic fuel. In terms of use, fuel is separated on the varieties (A - F) and classes (0-4). This fuel is distinguished by the following indicators:

• cutane number 45-51;
• the sulfur content in the Euro 5 and 6 diesel fuel is not more than 10 mg;
• filtration temperature - up to -55 ° C;
• density in the range of 0.830-0.860 g / cm 3.

According to the Russian GOST, the sulfur content in diesel fuel should not exceed 10 mg.

If you like our article and we somehow were able to answer your questions - we will be very grateful for a good feedback about our site!

One day, representatives of foreign automobiles expressed their assessment to Russian diesel fuel. They counted that it is hardly working on it the car engine is able to step up 600,000 km of run. The practice has shown the opposite, it happens, and the larger mileage is kept. After applying for an explanation to such specialists of the "VNII NP", as Kraynikov V. D. and Bakalenik A. M., became clearly understood by the general picture.

Where sulfur in fuel

The presence of sulfur and its compounds in crude oil does not surprise anyone, it is simply contained in the elementary state. A elementary sulfur, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans are rather aggressively cause metal corrosion, if you allow it to be in a diesel fuel or gasoline. In refineries, they derive them from the final product, the mercaptans are strictly limited. The limit on other compounds of sulfur is set up, above which it is impossible to move, and it is called a "mass fraction of sulfur".

Since this rate is becoming increasingly rigid, then oil processors are more and more funds spend on cleaning and producing diesel fuel, and it also grows in price. The sulfur is not completely removed, a small amount (within the normal range) still takes place in any "commercial" fuel.

A bit of history and chemistry

According to this standard, the fuel can be "small-sized" and "sulfur". These words were understood as ambiguously. When there was no or almost no restrictions on the amount of harmful emissions, the norm on the sulfur content was needed only so that it does not harm the engine. This approach in the production of fuel was not so expensive as now, and falls from 1950 to 1970.

At that time, the "sulfur" was considered fuel having 1% sulfur, "small-sized" was limited to 0.2%. In addition to wear of nodes and parts of the diesel engine, the problem has not seen. It was also disturbed by deposits on metal formed during the combustion of SO3 and SO2 sulfur compounds.

Basically, these compounds are ejected from the engine along with spent gases. Another part of these sulfur products enters into interaction with water vapor, and forms sulfur and sulfuric acids.

The result of their engine impact is as follows:

• an increase in corrosion on the details of the piston group;
• education reduces heat transfer from the piston;
• nagar limits the mobility of the rings, and the compression is reduced.

Effect of alkaline oil for wear of the piston rings of diesel

It was necessary to solve this problem using the chemical composition of the oil. The additives in it should have neutralized the acids at the expense of their alkaline and detergents. If changing the oil in a timely manner, corrosion and education of Nagara completely prevents.

Fuel with a large percentage of sulfur requires more frequent oil replacement, the mileage of such engines is less.

Now the situation is somewhat different. The limits have changed at times:

• sulbly fuel contains 0.2% sulfur;
• low-hearted - 0.035%.

The whole reason is that they began to fight for the state of the environment. Machine Park has grown multiple times and to save nature, tightened the norms of emissions into the atmosphere of everything that the car pollutes it. Accordingly, manufacturers of equipment, equipping the engines with ships, catalysts and filters. Changes were made to the process of preparation of fuel combustion.

Surnevy compounds in the composition of fuel during combustion increase the level of toxicity of exhaust gases. Therefore, not only the technique is upgraded to new standards, but also implemented the requirements to reduce the percentage of sulfur in automotive fuel.

Gosta and that on diesel fuel produced in Russia regulate its quality not only for road vehicles, but also for ships, diesel locomotives, agricultural machines, road repair and construction park. GOST 305-82 is distributed to 85% of the produced diesel fuel. The percentage of sulfur 0.2% is taken as a basis. The second type fuel allows an increase in the percentage of sulfur to 0.5%. But now the standards provide for the content of sulfur to 0.05%.

Stages of tightening standards for sulfur content in car fuel

Special technical conditions have been developed for the quality of diesel fuel, which will be used in complex environmental districts and major cities of the country. The sulfur content in the fuel must be a maximum of 0.05%.

From 01.11.2011, TU 38,401-58-296-2001 was introduced, limiting the percentage of sulfur in fuel to 0.035%.

Several later, the industry focuses on the release of gasoline and diesel fuel, taking into account the requirements of Euro-3 and the content of sulfur not more than 0.015% in gasoline. This is the process of not one day and stretched for 5 years. So, the previous technical conditions also acted.

When the percentage of sulfur was less than 0.035%, the lubricating properties worsened in diesel fuel. This accelerates the wear of fuel pumps and other elements of the fuel system. There was a need for additives in order to improve lubricating characteristics. And they are mainly imported origin.

Yes, and in domestic gas stations, there are no separate columns on different grades of diesel fuel. Mixing different varieties in one container, the seller (owner of the gas station) worsens the environmental properties of fuel. And then it is necessary to solve the issue of infrastructure to make a diesel fuel from the manufacturer without losing quality. And this is a matter of not one day.