Home Generator Volvo XC60 I with mileage: Too hot automatic transmission and murderer of motors. Volvo XC60 available

Volvo XC60 I with mileage: Too hot automatic transmission and murderer of motors. Volvo XC60 available

Perednevdnevodnya machines are found quite often, but the main mass of XC60 crossover still has a complete drive with Haldex coupling in the rear axle drive. The mechanical part of transmissions does not have any special weak points. The resource of the shruses, the cardan shaft and the rear gearbox is more than sufficient. During runs, less than 150 thousand breakdowns are extremely rare and mainly associated with loss of oil level and mechanical damage. In purely urban machines with constant probabilization, there may be less than the resource of the intermediate support of the cardan shaft, but such cases are rare.

Four-wheel drive from cars until 2012 with the help of the Haldex coupling of the fourth generation, and after the fifth. The easiest way to distinguish between them is the easiest visually: the fifth generation clutches have a separate pump block, an electronic board on the right side and a more compact housing of the coupling itself. Serve the fifth generation clutches is simpler: to replace the oil, it is not necessary to remove the drive shaft, and on the fourth-generation couplings, the pump during removal is resting in the coupling of the cardan shaft. But maintenance newer couplings require noticeably more often.

The pump mesh is clogged after 20-30 thousand mileage, which leads to its failure. There is no hydroaccumulator and a separate filter at the fifth generation, it is generally easier and cheaper it is arranged, but in repair, unfortunately, it remains more expensive. The fourth Haldex in this respect is arranged noticeably better. This clutch without any particular consequences for gentle operation transfers the oil replacement after 40-50 thousand runs for the first time and about 30-40 thousand in subsequent ones. In neat drivers and when running for a hundred thousand, the oil may be clean. Yes, and the chances of the failure of the pump is noticeably less.

The coupling of any generation with the active use of the full drive is to sort out with the removal of the cover and the cleaning of the crankcase case times in a couple of years. In case of active forcing, brodes are possible with the electronic part of the couplings, especially if the service was lazy to maintain the connectors.

With mechanical transmissions there are no special difficulties. The six-speed box M66 with neat operation showed itself as quite reliable. But behind the oil level is worth monitoring, and lovers of movement to highly low revs worth worrying for the resource of two-mask flywheels.

With automatic transmission, everything is somewhat more complicated. The bulk of the machines in our market is diesel versions with six-speed AISIN TF80SC automatic transmission, the same box was put to restyling with gasoline engines 3.2 and 3.0 liters. Dorestayling gasoline two-liter machines were equipped with preselective automatic transmission 6DCT450 production of getrag. Well, after restyling, two-liter diesel and gasoline cars have been equipped with an eight-stage AISIN TG-81SC automatic transmission, it is AWF8F35 / AWF8F45.

The number of complaints on AISIN automatic transmission is large enough, but, nevertheless, they are considered quite reliable, and experienced solvikov love them. Paradox? Not at all: just these boxes are very strong, but the regular cooling system, to put it mildly, is weak. It provides normal operation throughout the warranty period under the condition of the soft European movement mode. This automatic transmission loves low urban speeds, the absence of sharp accelerations, stable speed, lack of hard overtaking on the highway, clean radiators and caring mechanics. The manufacturer promises that 350 thousand kilometers the box will pass. It is believed that the Scandinavian cars should drive exactly so much that the consumer is pleased. In our conditions and with our drivers, after hundreds of thousands of thousands of service, it is possible to wait for small problems in the form of jerks, slippets when switching due to the contamination of the hydroblock and solenoid damage. And cars from major cities can have a noticeably greater number of problems due to permanent overheating of transmission in the summer.

In the photo: Volvo XC60 D3 "2009-13

Almost all the complaints about the problems of transmissions in Volvo arise from those who believe the staff of the manual and official services, does not put additional cooling and changes the oil at least once every 60-90 thousand kilometers. Experienced Volvovods put additional radiators and external filters, without waiting for the "first call", change the oil every 30 thousand kilometers and have no problems throughout the mileage at any mode of operation. However, volvo random buyers is enough. Yes, and those who consider the factory design with infallible, and the need for regular repairs of an undoubted and easy duty, even among the fans of the brand. So about the problems arising from them still worth telling.

The main problem of all AISIN automatic transmission is the wear of the hydroblock plate and the lack of official repair sets of solenoids. Oil pollution eats up aluminum "Plates", and even when installing new solenoids, the box will not work as new. More precisely, it does not work on achieving the adaptation limit of the control unit, and these limits are large enough. So the scanner and flushing often create miracles, the main thing is not to bring automatic transmission to the destruction of the mechanical part.

The main problems of the mechanical part are associated with the wear of the friction rack of the drum direct (speed 4-5-6) due to the incidence of oil pressure and wear of the pump bushings. All other troubles are rarely manifested and usually associated or overheated, or with the launched hydroblock problems.

The friction pads of GDT do not stand too aggressive style of movement, which, unfortunately, becomes familiar to the latter call for highways. Already after hundreds of thousands of kilometers, you can observe the accelerated pollution of even fresh oil due to wear of the linings before the adhesive layer, in which case urgent repair of GDT is required. Fortunately for the XC60, the bulk of the vehicles is equipped with classic diesel engines of 2.4 liters with a very soft thermal engine, which is well affected by the operation of the automatic transmission. The operating conditions of the box with gasoline engines are noticeably tougher, and the resource of the box is significantly less, especially in aggressive drivers.


A newer eight-stage TG-81SC unit (AWF8F35 / AWF8F45) is largely similar to an advanced and advanced version of the six-speed box. Sitting machines with him are still small, and complaints concern mainly the hard switching "down", manifesting sometimes when runs up to 30 thousand kilometers, as well as strange transitions to emergency mode. The design remains for our market quite exotic, so there is definitely problems with the repair. But foreign users report on the benefits of additional cooling and solving problems with the replacement of ValveBody. Of the interesting features - the use of a two-mask flywheel in a pair with automatic transmission, so if you hear tapping on small revolutions, remember that there is such a detail.


In the photo: Volvo XC60 2.4D "2008-13

The front-wheel drive machines with 2.0 l motors are found with the GETRAG 6DCT450 box. If briefly, it is not necessary to fear it panicly. This unit is more common on the second generation S60 models, so if you want to buy an XC60 with him ,.

Engines

Motors for Volvo XC60 a lot of grace. There are also row gasoline "six" with a volume of 3.2 and 3.0 liters, well-known ones, and two-liter gasoline turbo engines, as well known on the second generation of S60. But surprisingly the most popular option was 2.4 liters diesel engines in different formation options. The reason for popularity is quite obvious: diesel engines cover a good range by power, with them, they were mainly combined by classic automatic transmission and four-wheel drive, they are quite economical and also presented in all configurations, from inexpensive to top. Well, of themselves, these motors deservedly wear the status of reliable and tested time, because these are the latest representatives of the Modulangine series, which leads its origin from the nineties. I do not want anything bad to say about other engines, they have very good, but diesel engines are very good even on their background.


Motors of the third-generation D5244Xh lines, which were installed on the XC60, retained the main features of the precursors. All the same five cylinders, four valves per cylinder, aluminum block, belt camshaft drive and fairness of reliability. The most powerful options have about 440 Nm of moments and more than 215 hp. Power.


Timing chain 2.0.

price for the original

2,853 rubles

What can be told about a few mechanical breakdowns? For example, sometimes rockers are inserted in the timing drive, playing the role of the fuse when cutting the timing belt. They are subject to breakdowns when twisting, especially on motors with mileagers for 200 thousand. The GDM mechanism is recommended to change every 60,000 and carefully monitor it for oil pollution: the motors are prone to fogging and even leaks.

Most complaints cause quite typical diesel problems: pollution and leschy nozzles, intake manifold pollution and geometry changes of geometry changes, EGR valve contamination, pollution and leaks of its heat exchanger. Pollution of the particulate filter is a problem, in general, typical for all diesel engines, and on Volvo, the motor does not like those who do not go along the highway in general.

With turbines after 150-200 thousand mileage you can wait for trouble. Previously, it is unlikely that only the owner did not engage in a chip tuning of the motor.

Quite a lot of small trouble causes the layout of auxiliary systems. For some reason, the long intake manifold and its vibrations are considered to be the cause of oil leaks, although in the practice of the leaks of oil from the intake - only their indicator. And refinement is fashionable in the Wednesday environment with the installation of an additional mounting bracket, the crankcase ventilation system will not be replaced. Although the vibration of the intake manifold leads to the energous wiring harness of the engine compartment and the front nozzle of the cooling system, a more efficient way is to remove the Helmholtz resonator, which is very large here and can wipe the hole in the electrician and the cooling system.


Another feature of the motors on the XC60 is the absence of a regular oil probe, an electronic level sensor is used here. If possible, it is worth installing a classic probe: the oil can begin to decrease with the contamination of the ventilation system or damage to the turbine very quickly, and the electronics sometimes sums up, and there are already many ruined motors on the conscience of the electronic sensor.

The appearance of cracks in the pistons during the lesters of the nozzles and with the broader, unfortunately, a fairly common problem. Especially if coxic oil was used, the piston cooling nozzles were contaminated, and the owner does not pay attention to the excess volume of crankcase gases. When buying a car, pay attention to the volume of crankcase gases and the combination of the motor. And it is better to measure compression even with a small run, especially if there are traces of overheating or the probability of installing chip tuning.


When using small SAE20 oils, there are also chances of crankshaft jacies and increased wear in the liners after 150 thousand runs, but it is still a very rare problem. In the world of modern disposable motors, the engines of this series can still be considered a stronghold of stability, convenience of maintenance and intelligence.

And instead of resumes

Definitely, the car has deserved its popularity. This is a very good alternative to the unnecessarily complex German cars.


In the photo: Volvo XC60 T6 "2008-13

The shortcomings of the most running complete sets are a bit. Among them - the presence of small failures even in the first years of operation and the intense thermal traffic of the automatic transmission in a typical Russian city cycle, as well as not too favorable service conditions from dealers. But the pros unambiguously outweigh, especially if you do not take cars with double-tier motors of a new generation and do not chase over unnecessary chassis-fittings. And it would be nice to have a tested service that serves the car is not for the regulations, but on conscience.


Would you take olvo xc60 i with mileage?

02.11.2019

Volvo XC60 (Volvo X-C 60) is the first generation of a premium crossover, manufactured by the Scandinavian automotive industry Volvo Cars from 2007 to 2017. The manufacturer endowed the car with an exquisite and memorable design, which it is impossible to emphasize the status of its owner in society. Also, the developers perfectly understood that the premium car should give pleasure from management so that even long trips did not deliver the driver and its passengers or the slightest inconveniences. Visually and technically Volvo XC60 are close to perfection, but is it all good with its reliability now and try to find out.

Specifications Volvo XC60

Body type - j-class, crossover;

Drive type - front, full;

Ecological type of engines - Euro-5;

Body dimensions (d x sh x c), mm - 4627 x 1891 x 1713;

Wheel base, mm - 2774;

The diameter of the reversal, M - 11.7;

Minimal reversal radius, mm - 5.9;

The width of the rut, mm: in front - 1632, from behind 1586;

Svez: front -909, rear -944;

Road clearance (clearance), mm - 230;

Disk size - 17x7,5j;

Tire size - 235/65 R17;

Volume of fuel tank, L - 70;

Curb weight, kg - 1726;

Full weight, kg - 2505;

Capacity of the trunk, L - 490 (1455);

Configuration - Kinetic, Momentum, Summum, Ocean Race, R-Design

Weak places and disadvantages of Volvo XC60 with mileage

Body:

LCP - Unlike most modern cars, the Volvo XC60 is endowed with the mechanical damage to the paint and varnish coating.

Body iron - Metal body panels has high-quality protection against corrosion, due to which, even in the places of chips, does not rust for a long time. On the car of the first years of release it is worth checking the plastic parts of the body parts (with a violation of the LCP). But on the bottom of the car, corrosion meets more often. Fast of all under the onslaught of dirt and reagents are beginning to rust exhaust system, levers suspension, brackets, thresholds, contact welding places, cavity between the subframe and body. It is also necessary to pay attention to the purity of the drains under the windshield. If this is not done over time, the accumulated dirt will begin to destroy the sealant, protecting the interior and electronic blocks from moisture.

Chromium - Chrome details of the finishes are painfully transferring a meeting with road and detergent chemistry.

Francian - Most often, the parts made of aluminum are purchased (over time, the brackets of the rear view mirrors and door handles are hider).

Mirrors - Unreliable heating elements and adjustment drive.

Wipers - Violation of the mechanism of trapezium is most often caused by the fault of the position sensors, and its zaking.

Optics - The protective plastic is maintained, and when the tightness of the block is disrupted, the headlight starts sweating. It is worth noting that the presence of moisture in optics negatively leads to early refusal of its filling. You can still allocate a short service life, lowlands of lowlands with xenon (up to 100,000 km).

Windshoe glass - Probustly to cracking and wiping, and its replacement cost will surprise.

Doors - Door locks are most of all, especially fifth (during the movement knocking). Car with invincible access often faces an electronic module. In the cold season, it is necessary to take care of the handles, since when you call the door, the probability of their breakdown increases at times. Lovers clapping the door often fly traction, moreover, it may cause power windows damage. No reliability and hinges are not distinguished, which over time surrendered under the onslaught of the car's door mass (satellite). There are complaints and the hydraulic drive of the door of the trunk (applied until 2010), in which the control electronics of the motor motor hidden in the bowl of the door. In more recent versions, the electric drive sensor and the door opening button (rotate contacts).

Roof - The main source of trouble here is the insufficient tightness of the attachment points of the rails and antennas (let me in moisture into the salon). In machines equipped with a hatch, the drains are quickly clogged, and water accumulates.

Bumper - Some copies in the front bumper do not coincide the holes for attaching towing eyes.

Engine reliability

Common problems:

Overtrodial coupling - Rarely Looks more than 1,50000 km (clinical)

System cooling - VALEO fan requires special attention here (after 4-6 years of service, the backlash and characteristic noise) and the radiator appears (with regular contact with reagents begins to flow after 3-4 years of service). No reliability and control unit, with a malfunction of which a fan can work incorrectly (this ailment is fraught with OVC overheating).

System lubricants - painfully transfers untimely maintenance (dirty oil reduces the resource of the oil pump and oil separator). From the minuses it is worth highlighting the lack of probe checking the lubrication level, the role of which is performed by an electronic sensor, which ruined not one hundred of motors.

Mased - It appears with a significant contamination of the turbine ventilation or malfunction.

Support engine - Most of all complaints about the resource of the upper pillow, which the engine is fixed from strong longitudinal movements (serves 100-150 thousand km).

Resource - On average, the service life of the piston group of all motors is about 400,000 km.

Petrol

GRM - The drive of the gas distribution mechanism is driven by a metal chain, which often does not withstand more than 150,000 km (stretched). The regular use of poor-quality gasoline leads to the formation of a car on the valves, which greatly complicates their work (the disease is eliminated by cleaning, and in the launched cases, the replacement of valves).

Turbine - The main reason for the early discharge failure is incorrect operation (the installation of the turbotimer significantly reduces the risk of breakage). Also, a turbine malfunction can be caused by a violation of the tightness of the intake manifold nozzles or the pressure sensor failure.

Gasoline pump - Most often the reason for incorrect operation of the pump installed in the tank is the mud mesh filter. If the problem is identified in a timely manner, the filter cleaning will be enough to eliminate it. Symptoms: reduction of thrust in all ranges and difficulties with cold start.

Difficulties from launch - Mostly the culprit of this trouble is a faulty crankshaft position sensor or camshaft sensor. Also, problems with the launch brings the engine and gas station control unit.

Breakdown pasters - This trouble is not often found, but when untreated elimination can cause expensive repairs. In some cases, a sink or chill is formed at the gases breakthrough site right on the block, which is much more expensive in elimination.

Diesel

Maintenance fault - Most often in engines working on heavy fuel, nozzles are injected (clogged and flow), heat exchanger (flowing), high pressure pump (TNVD), gas recycling valve EGR and a diesel filter (does not like urban operation).

GRM - The belt drive is applied here, which is recommended to serve every 60000 km (replacement of the belt and rollers). In the car with large runs, the drive rockers require the rocker acting on the fuse when cutting the timing belt (break during twisting). It is also necessary to monitor the integrity of the gaskets and rubber parts (prone to fogging and even leaks), as the oil entering the drive, reduces its service life.

Cracks in pistons: The reasons for the emergence of this trouble are two-leaks nozzles (pour) and front. Also, the breakdown can cause the use of coking oil, which clogs the nozzle cooling of the pistons.

Zadira inserts and crankshaft - This ailment is not massacre and most often comprehends the car with a large mileage on which low-viscous oils of SAE20 are used.

Inlet collector - needs periodic cleaning. The presence of intake manifold vibrations often leads to the energous of the wiring and the front nozzle of the cooling system. To protect yourself from unforeseen costs, it is recommended to remove the Helmholtz resonator, which in a short period of time is able to do a hole in the electrician and the cooling system.

Turbines - With the correct operation, 200-250 thousand km is kept, the electric drive and a block of vortex dampers can be bought on dorestayling car.

Boxes gear

Mechanics - Mechanical transmission M66 reliable, but loves timely service and high-quality oil. Also, the lubrication level in it should also be regularly monitored, since its disadvantage has adversely affect the rubbing parts of the CAT. One of the common fault mechanics is the destruction of a two-mask flywheel, which does not like to work on low revs. Machines made after 2013 quickly surpass and sleeves, installed at the junction of the box with an angular gearbox. The owners of the car with automatic transmission are often faced with the same disease.

Machine: For this car, three automatic gearboxes were provided - 6-speed AISIN TF80SC, 8-step TG-81SC and the GEartronic 6DCT450 robot is MPS6. The most successful of this list is the six-speed automatic transmission. The main disadvantage of this transmission is an unsuccessful cooling system, which, at high loads, do not cope with the tasks set before it. Operation of transmission with a dirty working fluid negatively affects the state of the hydroblock, which leads to the appearance of the jokes. Frictions of the hydrotransformer, the wear products of which kill the brake ribbon, springs and hydroplate packages are wearing a run of 150-200 thousand km. Closer to 200,000 km come into disrete of the pump bushings and the friction of the Drumct drum. In order not to have significant problems on the continuation of the resource-declared resource, you need to install an additional cooling radiator and change the lubricant in the box every 30000 km.

The standard automatic is no less reliable (is an upgraded version of the TF-80SC automatic transmission), but it also painfully transfers sharp starts and late maintenance. Fans to light on the traffic lights quickly surrenders the blocking of the torque converter, whose wear products are spread with oil on the box, scoring solenoids, pump and hydraulic liquets. In the most running cases, everything ends with expensive hydroplates. With rare maintenance, a mixture of oil and friction wear products quickly scores the "anthill" channels of hydroplates, as a result, the possibility of ATF leakage and the associated oil starvation of the main nodes and their failure. You can still note the pump cuff and the left semi-axis gland, through which the lubricant begins with the time. In the machines with urban exploitation, due to the fact that the box with the slightest feature passes into the "neutral", the brake tape wear and friction packages are accelerated.

The RCPP occurs only on a car with a two-liter unit and front-wheel drive. The main cause of all the troubles is the tendency of a robot to overheating, so monitor the purity of the radiators is very careful. As for the reliability of the transmission, it should be noted here not too long the lifetime of the clutch, the plug of inclusion of transmission (brass inserts) and mechatronics. To extend the service life of the robot, you need to adapt the box in a specialized service every 10-15 thousand km. Another weak point is the lid of the gland, in which the sealing ring is wearing, which is fraught not only by the appearance of leaks, but also overlooking the lid. Quite often faces the electronic transmission control board. In addition, the RCPP is more arrogant to the purity of lubricant than hydromechanical machines.

Four-wheel drive

The electromagnetic coupling Haldex is responsible for connecting the rear axle (until 2012, the fourth generation was established, after the fifth). It is worth noting that it is easier to serve the fifth generation of Haldex (to replace the lubricant you do not need to remove the cardan shaft), but it costs it more often than in the fourth (every 20-30 thousand km). It is caused by the fact that the pump mesh quickly clogs and speeds up the wear of the pump parts. In the fourth Haldex, with a gentle operation, the lubricant should change every 40-50 thousand km. With the active use of the couplings once every 2-3 years, clean the crankcase housing should be performed. If we talk about the shortcomings, here it is necessary to select the electronic part of the transmission (summarizes the software and wiring connectors). In the machines operated in megalopolis, the intermediate support of the cardan shaft quickly surrender. Shruses tend to withstand about 200,000 kilometers.

Reliability of the chassis Volvo XC60

The car is equipped with a fully independent suspension with McPherson racks ahead and a multi-dimensional design. The chassis of Volvo XC60, contrary to panic rumors, is quite strong and with moderate loads withstands 100-150 thousand km. It strongly affects the resource and the diameter of the installed wheels (the more the roller, the less the service life of the suspension). Of the minuses chassis, it is worth highlighting its excessive rigidity, a low resource of hub bearings and a small selection of non-original parts. You can also note the high cost of the components of the active suspension.

Steering - There is a rail with an electric power steering wheel, which are not distinguished by reliability (rarely withstands more than 100,000 km). Mostly causal breakdowns become weak sleeves, but the electric pump of the amplifier can also supply. The service life of the latter largely depends on the service frequency of the node. In addition to the fluid (subject to replacement every 40000 km), it is necessary to change the expansion tank in which the filter is installed (fits from Land Rover).

Torkemose - As a rule, there are no essential breakdowns. Of the disadvantages it is worth highlighting the screens that appear after the unqualified replacement of consumables (the use of a new kit and complete cleaning of the brake cylinder is required). On large runs, it is possible to subdining the guide calipers of the rear wheels. Also there are complaints of the low resource of the brake pads and failures in the work of the handbrake. To replace the rear brake pads with an electric parking brake, you must have a special device.

Salon and electrical equipment

Salon - As well as premium cars, only high-quality wear-resistant finishing materials were used here, due to which the age of the car can issue except the sidewalls of the front armchairs (rubbing), rugs, pedals, buttons, buttons and the presence of squeaks from the front racks and instrument panels. Also traces of wear appear on the tips of the central console and thresholds. Of the minuses, you can allocate specific Scandinavian ergonomics and bodies of salon equipment that require delicate circulation.

Electronics - Does not have exemplary reliability and can deliver a lot of problems. Most often, the failures are observed in the operation of safety and adherent access systems, all sorts of sensors, the central lock and the rear view chamber. Often, the cause of failures is damaged wiring harness. It is not distinguished by the reliability and pressure pipeline of the air conditioner compressor, the fault of which is manifested by an increase in the noise of operation. When accessing the dealer, the pipeline is changed to a new one, although many owners argue that the breakdown can be eliminated by simple cleaning and evacuation. On the mileage of 100-150 thousand km, the motor fan motor of the climate system begins to make noise. Often, trouble can eliminate the update in the lubricant motor, but in order to get to it, you will have to disassemble the front panel.

Suitable

Despite certain shortcomings of the Volvo XC60 of the first generation, it is impossible to call a problematic machine with serious shortcomings. Yes, like any other car with mileage, it is tended to break. As a rule, these are small malfunctions that may require a good service and considerable investments - such are the realities of the premium class.

If you have experience in operating this car model, please tell us with what problems and difficulties you had to face. Perhaps it is your feedback that will help readers of our site when choosing a car.

- This is a powerful and practical crossover, which conquers a futuristic appearance with the embossed body and stylish headlights of the Thorah Molot. A whole arsenal of assistants will take care of your safety - including adaptive cruise control, active turning headlamps, which increase the illumination of the road around the turn by 90%, and stop signals, independently distinguishing ordinary braking and emergency. The 216-millimeter road clearance will allow auto to confidently overcome any obstacles in the city and at rough terrain.

The full range of Volvo HS60 in the presence is presented in the Volvo Car Coptevo Motor Show in Moscow. Here you will find cars 2018-2019 model year of installing Inscription, Momentum and R-Design and can choose the desired body color - palette includes more than 10 shades. Need help? Refer to experienced car dealership managers.

Advantages of Volvo Car Coptevo

The official dealer offers favorable terms of cooperation:

  • You can arrange a car loan or buy a car into lease. Take part in the Trade-IN program and purchase a new car in return to the old one.
  • In the car dealership, you can make an auto insurance policy.
  • All cars are distributed by the manufacturer's warranty.
  • We suggest you to spend the test drive of the selected model. This is a great opportunity to make sure the character of the crossover!
  • Post-sales car maintenance is carried out in a certified car service, which is equipped with high-tech equipment. Our masters provide a full range of services and work only with branded spare parts and consumables recommended by Volvo.
  • Democratic prices will be delighted. We regularly carry out profitable shares.

Examine the catalog of the Volvo XC60 packages that are available in the auto show. Your car is already waiting for you! To clarify the details, please contact the Volvo Car Coptevo representative by phone or order a call back.

New on the site

>

Most popular