- A rather complicated car unit, requiring appropriate attention and qualitative diagnosis. If there are failures in the work of the CAT, driving a car becomes not only uncomfortable, but also unsafe.
To date, the main problem associated with the fault of the CAT is poor speed switching (transmissions). It should be noted that more often it concerns used cars, although on the new cars in the budget segment of such a kind of such a kind of no exception.
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Translations are badly included: the main causes and breakdowns of the PPC
As a rule, errors take errors during the operation of the box during the operation. In any case, diagnosis is needed. In this case, the problems arising when switching the gearbox can be associated with malfunctions:
The transmissions are tight or no speeds on a manual transmission are not included: the main causes of malfunction and possible malfunctions.
As on any car, there is also a shift mechanism on the VAZ 2110. The box of the vase is the five-speed, turns on to the lever located in the cabin of the car.
In order to be able to independently correct problems, you need to understand a little about exactly how the switching mechanism works, which is why there are cases when some speed is displeased or flies. And also know how to fix it on your own.
CPP scheme
CAT device as follows:
- to ensure the gear shift in the checkpoint there is a primary shaft consisting of a gear unit. They constantly engage with leading gears from the first to the fifth speed (that is, those that are focused on riding ahead);
- the secondary shaft is equipped with a leading gear gear, it also - synchronizers of gears that ensure the movement of the driven gears. There are also bearings plus oil collector;
- differential VAZ two-calves, with a slave gearbox attached to the flange of its box;
- the drive of the box consists of a knob switching knob, a ball support, a stem, traction, transmission selection mechanisms, as well as speed switching;
- the reactive traction is designed to protect the CP from what the transmission flies. It is attached to the support and the power unit.
How to choose speed
A separate important KPP assembly is a gear selection mechanism. It has a special speed selection lever, as well as two brackets for blocking. One shoulder lever selection includes a forward stream, the second is used to turn on the back.
Adjustment
On the VAZ 2110, there are not so rare cases when transfers are not included, or they are knocked out. Especially for this, the mechanism for adjusting the speed selection drive is provided.
Adjustment may need if:
- the box was recently filmed for repair;
- one of the gear crashes;
- speeds are turned on poorly or simply knocks them when the machine is moving.
If you have one of these problems, try to spend adjustment to start. Her sequence:
- Under the bottom of the VAZ 2110, find and relax the nut on a bolt, tightening the clamp, which is attached to the traction intended for controlling the checkpoint;
- Scroll into the end of the end of the traction with a screwdriver and the resulting gap on the cot itself. It is necessary to ensure easy movement of thrust relative to the gear selection rod. Put in the neutral position;
- Free in the cabin switching the switch from the case;
- By a special template, set the lever. This is done like this: in the window Lock Bracket Lock Bracket Set the template. After that, enter the axis of the lever in the chart of the template, pressing it without too much in the transverse direction;
- Then adjust in the rear direction of the axial backlash rod, and its axial backlash with a turn to the left;
- Set the clamp without reaching a few millimeters to the end of the thrust. After that, well pull the clamp bolt.
Repairs
If the described adjustment did not help you, you need to remove and disassemble the PPC VAZ 2110. Pay special attention to the fact that it often knocks down the gears with which the first and second speed are turned on. Do not forget to check each lock.
They are made in the form of springs, their three. The first lock is long, it is responsible for the first and second transmission. The second is the middle, for the third - fourth gear. For fifth, the shortest retainer is used.
CPP diseases
It often sounds the complaint of the owners of the VAZ 2110 to the fact that the first speed is involved with difficulty or crashes.
Possible reasons:
- the synchronizer is often guilty;
- it may have burst the spring of the retainer, the lever hangs, speeds are turned on as they want;
- replacement may need a stock and fork.
Another complaint - the second gear turns on badly, it often knocks out.
Here you can suspect the main perpetrators:
- it takes out the second most often because the gear teeth are badly engaged with a coupling, which turns on speeds;
- the tips of the gears and clutches have already been wear out, so the speed is badly turned on. If not to intervene, it will soon fly out;
- as an option, when knocks on the bumps - the clutch dies.
Sometimes (although rarely) from the fact that the second is turned on not well and crashes, helps replacing the fixing spring. If speeds often fly out, some of them are involved with difficulty, it means that the semi-dimensions will no longer help - the box is needed.
You will spend it yourself, or go to the service where you will be repaired, and also put the gear mechanism, solve yourself, based on your own experience and skills.
The clarity of the inclusion of gears and the operation of the entire switching mechanism is often worried about car owners with a manual box. A common problem is that after starting the engine, one or more gears turn on with a large force or not completely, there is no possibility to turn on the speed, at the time of inclusion, extraneous noises are distributed, extra vibrations appear, etc.
Such malfunctions appear unexpectedly, as well as difficulties when turning on the gear can grow gradually. Speeds can badly turn on "on the cold" and / or "on the hot." It is noteworthy that often transmissions in the manual transmission on a plugged motor switched normally.
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Poor turns on the transmissions on the engine center: Possible causes
At the very beginning, it should be noted that the lack of ability to enable the transmission on an unused engine may indicate a serious fault of the CAT, which consists in the failure of synchronizers. The second reason may be the wear or breakage of the gear. It is also possible to encourage nodes and mechanisms responsible for the transfer of effort from the lever in the cabin on the checkpoint when the transmission is selected.
To accurately establish reasons, in the first case, you will need to remove the box for disassembling and subsequently defecting, in the second it is necessary to identify and replace broken nodes. In some cases, it is enough to carry out their prevention: removal, lubrication and thorough configuration.
As for the problem switching when running engine running, then in the list of most frequent faults mark:
- lack of transmission oil in the checkpoint;
- problems with the clutch mechanism;
Low oil level in gearbox
Insufficient amount of oil in the box makes the process of switching the gear extremely difficult, but the speeds should be turned on. With such a switch, a metal crunch is distributed, the box when driving on the transmission is started to noise and "sweep".
The complete absence of lubricant in the checkpoint will not allow switching transmissions, since without oil synchronizers will not be able to work properly, and also will not engage gears in the box.
Any manifestation of these symptoms requires immediate stopping the operation of the car and calibrate the level of transmission oil in the gearbox. It is also necessary to inspect the CAT for damage to the case, oil leaks through the glands and gaskets.
It should be noted that for MCPP many cars oil in a box from the factory is flooded for the entire service life. In practice, the replacement is recommended every 60-80 km. Run.
Clutch faults
If simply, the clutch is a mechanism that serves to transmit the torque of the DVS to the transmission, and also opens the engine and transmission so that the transmission can be switched. The failure of individual components of this node can make it impossible to switch the transfer to the engine manner.
Leakage brake fluid
The design of many modern cars assumes that brake fluid protrudes the working fluid for clutch. If the hydraulic clutch drive system does not turn out to be fluid in due quantity, then the grip will not be turned on completely.
Translations in this case will be tight or not turned on at all. For initial checks, take a look at the fluid level in the tank. With a low level, it is necessary to check for leaks, eliminate defects and pump the clutch.
In the event that the level of fluid is normal and other reasons are not detected, it will be necessary to remove the gearbox to inspect the clutch elements. Usually, when you try to turn on the speed and damage to this mechanism of loud crossed metal sounds, it is not distributed from the checkpoint itself.
The transmissions may not be turned on or on until the end in the event that the fault is associated with the clutch basket. Also, the cause can be a release bearing. In the event that the specified bearing moves along the primary shaft is not free or swapped it, then it is necessary to replace the part.
It is necessary to add separately that the primary sign of the problems with the release is the appearance of a row or a distinct hum on the car head. The noises are manifested exclusively at the moment when the clutch pedal is squeezed to the floor. Such foreign sounds may be present both on a cold car and on a heated. After the clutch pedal is released, the noise must disappear. The clarification of the release will not allow the clutch, which complicates the gear shift, and can also lead to rapid wear and destruction of other elements of the clutch mechanism.
Basket malfunctions are often associated with critical wear of petals. Worn means the basket ceases to perform its functions with heating. Increased temperature leads to the fact that through the clutch basket, it is not possible to completely remove the pressure disk. The result becomes hard to switch speeds after a small engine warming.
After the box is removed, it is necessary to inspect the basket for deformation, traces of overheating and other defects. In case of detection, the element is subject to mandatory replacement.
Another reason that the transmissions are not included on the machine or turn on with an effort, there may be a wipe clutch disc.
After analysis, it is necessary to inspect the friction pads on the disk. They should not be critically worn, burnt or damaged, disk deformation is also not allowed. Additionally, the clutch inspection process requires a diaphragm springs. After replacing the clutch elements of the clutch, during the subsequent assembly, it is necessary to poison well, and the grip must be pumped.
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One of the most common cars used on the car, including the VAZ brand, is mechanical. Although many modern cars already in the design include automatic gearbox. But the use does not refuse.
After all, VAZ, like any other car brand, is very reliable, unpretentious and requires a minimum of service. It is able to withstand significant loads without any harm for himself. Proof of this is the frequent use of this type of gearboxes on cars involved in various competitions.
But whatever reliable and simple is "mechanics", and it also happens to trouble. One of these faults is badly turned on the first and reverse gear. Moreover, foreign cars are no exception.
But to understand why the first gear turns on badly, you need to disassemble the design of this type of checkpoint at the beginning.
Transmission device
So, the gearbox scheme is quite simple.
There is a hull attached to the clutch. Three shafts are located in this housing - the lead, slave and intermediate. The peculiarity of the location of the shafts is such that the lead and slave shafts are on the same axis, with one of its end the slave shaft is included in the presenter. The intermediate shaft is installed below them.
On each of the trees there are gears of different diameters and with different amounts of teeth, while some of these gears installed on the slave shaft can move along it.
Principle of operation
The working circuit of the gearbox is. The drive shaft takes rotation from the slave clutch disk and transmits it to the intermediate. If the box includes a neutral speed, the engagement of the gear of the intermediate shaft with the slave is not, the car is immobilized because the rotation is not transmitted.
When you turn on any transmission, the driver enters the gear of the slave element with a specific intermediate gear. And the rotation begins to be transmitted from the slave shaft on the wheels. Auto starts moving.
In the engagement, the necessary gears enters the control unit consisting of three slips and forks. Each of the forks is dressed on a special element protrusion. That is, the driver with the PPC lever and through special scenes affects a certain slider by moving it into one of the sides. At the same time, the plug on the slider pushes the gear, and that comes into engagement. The change in the speed of gear shift affects the input to the engagement of different size and the number of gear teeth.
In order not to be the return of the slider with a fork to its original position, the box control unit is equipped with retainers. The latter - spring-loaded balls, which are included in the groove on the slider. That is, the slider is available in certain places of the groove.
When moving to the desired position, the ball retainer jumps into the groove, excluding the return of the slider. When switching speed, the driver must create pressure on the slider, exceeding the federal force of the retainer so that the ball jumps out.
This is a simplified description of the design and the principle of operation of the mechanical transmission.
Usually, according to such a scheme, classical models work. On some auto scheme there may be somewhat different, but the essence of the work is the same - the slider with a fork affects the gear.
In some cars in the PPC, the slider that is responsible for turning on the first speed also provides the inclusion of the rear. They have such that the first and reverse transmission is bad. Of course, it is impossible to pay attention to this breakdown.
On the other gearbox, the first speed and rear are separated and different sliders correspond to their inclusion. In such auto, problems with the inclusion of first speed may not be reflected on the turn on the rear.
Options why the first gear is turned on poorly - several. It also depends on how the reason is manifested - it is impossible to turn it on, while everything is accompanied by a metal grinding from the box, or the speed turns on, but immediately turns off.
Poor inclusion due to the slider
First, consider why the first gear turns on poorly and faults to the problems with transmission.
Often, the problem with the inclusion of speed lies in the retainer and the slider. The appearance of the sovereign near the groove for the retainer on the slider can easily interfere with the ball of the ball retainer into the flow. When moving the slider, the retainer rests on this burse and cannot overcome it without much effort from the driver. At the same time, the gears are very close, but the engagement does not enter, and the teeth of one gear are fighting about another.
In the future, such a beating can lead to the ruins of the teeth, and the impossibility of inclusion will already be from the fact that due to this rolling, the teeth will not be able to engage.
Embossing speed
If it turns on, but immediately turns off, then it is possible to jean the retainer in the squeezing position, so it does not fulfill its work. Also possible is the destruction of the spring, which manages the ball lock. Without the spring effort, it will not be able to hold the slider in the desired position.
When creating a significant effort during switching on the transmission, the plug of inclusion may be brought.
If this happened, the gears will no longer fully come into engagement, and the slider itself will not reach the stop, which will interfere with the fixer to enter the groove.
The cause of bad inclusion may be an incorrect setting of gear knobs. In this case, the Kulis does not bring the gear for complete engagement.
Troubleshooting PPC
Troubleshooting C is made by removing it with auto, disassembly, detail defecting, if it is found that some of them are very worn. Special attention should be paid to the state of the sliders and clamps. If the sizes are noticed on the crawls, they need to be removed using a file. It is also necessary to check the status of the springs and the beads of the retainer. Springs must be integer, and the retainer to move without any problems in its landing place. If necessary, worn or damaged elements need to be replaced.
You should also carefully examine the plugs on the bending. Even a slight bend can affect the ease of turning on the transfer.
After assembly, the gear shift must also be performed. To be accurate, the position of the scenes is exhibited.
Clutch faults
Often the reason why the first gear is turned on poorly, is not the box itself, but the clutch.
Modern gear transmission is equipped with synchronizers that equalize the speed of rotation of the gears, ensuring the ease of engagement.
However, the first speed is not equipped with a synchronizer. If the clutch "leads", then when the pedal is survived, its complete cessation of the transmission of torque from the motor to the checkpoint is not performed.
Because of this, there is a difference between the rotation of the shafts and the gear of the first transmission, in particular.
In this case, enter them in the engagement is quite difficult, and all attempts to do this are accompanied by a strong metal grinding.
It is possible that the rear speed will also not be turned on, or it is difficult to turn on. At the same time, if you managed to turn on the transmission, the car begins to move even with a completely squeezed clutch pedal. An additional feature of clutch problems is that the car is twitching when shifting gear, especially if some of them are not equipped with synchronizers.
How to check the clutch?
Specify on and not the box can help the car engine. If, with a plugged motor, all speeds are turned on easily, no problems occur, and the first and reverse gear, or it is impossible to turn it on, or it is not possible to turn on the clutch at all.
The reason that the clutch "leads" is often the wrong adjustment.
The outlet bearing is too far from the released aperture or cams. When the pedal survival, this bearing is not able to completely squeeze the leading disk from the slave, and the torque continues to be transmitted. Significant wear can affect the work of the clutch, because of which it and the beginning of "news".
Clutch adjustment and repair
The first thing to be done with clutch problems is adjusted.
It is done differently on different cars, but all operations are reduced to one - the installation of the release bearing at the required distance from the diaphragm or cams.
If the adjustment did not help, you will have to dismantle the clutch with the car, to carry out a defect and replace the worn items. Sometimes with time the wear of all components of the system takes place. In this case, a complete replacement of the clutch is made - the leading and slave disks, the release bearing.
Conclusion
The above are the main reasons for the auto inclusion of the transmission. Although, as indicated at the beginning, if the mechanical transmission is very reliable, then more often the blade is a clutch, and not the box itself.
MCPP - mechanism connecting the engine and driving wheels of the vehicle (carrying out the transmission of the torque of the engine on the wheels). The main feature is that the gear shift is fully controlled by the driver.
For the proper operation of the manual manual, it is very important to know not only. Although the mechanic box is easy to maintain and repair, problems still have problems.
In this article we will talk about why the programs are not clear or tight, the transmissions are not included at all, etc. We will also consider the main causes of MCPP faults.
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The main reasons for bad gear shift
Among the main reasons, experts allocate the following:
- the Kulis MCP is poorly adjusted;
- clutch drive malfunction (not completely turned off);
- defect of the gearbox selection mechanism (defects of gear, bearings and);
The first reason why the transmissions are turned on poorly or the manipulation lever does not respond at all to the driver's manipulation, may be non-regulated scenes. Kulisa is a kind of thrust that connects the transmission lever with a gearbox (also the lever with the box can be connected via cables).
Such a problem is solved by adjusting the scenes or its replacement, especially if the plastic sleeves in it were worn out. The reason described above concerns only the front-wheel drive vehicles, since in the case of the rear-wheel drive car, the gear lever is connected directly to the transmission.
A malfunction in the car clutch mechanism can also cause bad inclusion of gear:
Another reason for not clear inclusion of gear may be a malfunction of parts and mechanisms in the gearbox:
- wear synchronizers. Excessive wear of synchronizers happens on those transmissions that are included more often, namely in the urban cycle it is the first, second and third transmission.
When driving along high-speed mode, respectively, synchronizers of increased transmissions of the manual transmission transmissions are wearing. It is possible to determine the wear on the characteristic crunch when the gear is turned on. In this case, the synchronizers are replaced.
- bearings of the MCPP shafts. The breakdown is found mainly on cars with a very large mileage or by machines, which by the nature of their activities transport heavy loads. In one and in another case, the MCPP bearings are susceptible to increased wear. At the initial stage, bearings are manifested by the advent of monotonous modest sound from the box. If you do not take any measures, then further in the worn bearing appears, which leads to the axial bearing of the bearing, followed by its jam. Parts of the scattered bearing can get into the gears of the manual transmission and completely output.
- destruction of teeth gears gearbox with physical wear or factory marriage. When operating a car with mechanics, it is possible to "loss" of the teeth of one of the gears of the gearbox with the subsequent possible destruction of the checkpoint.
As a result, the transmission is ceased, the gear of which is damaged, and the debris of the collapsed gear may damage the remaining MCPP mechanisms.
That in the end
It is important to understand that the mechanical gearbox is a reliable node, which is normal to deliver discomfort when controlling the vehicle. This means that in case of complete service, the work should be a clear and balanced.
If the driver marks extraneous vibrations, noises, etc., there is a fuzzy inclusion or knocking out the transmission during the movement of the car, then it is necessary to deteriorate to diagnose the manual transmission.
At the same time, it is important to determine not only why the speed on the gearbox is not turned on or the transmissions of the manual transmission transmissions are turned on, but also as soon as possible to eliminate the cause.
In other words, riding a faulty box can lead to the fact that bearings are destroyed, etc. As a result of further damage to the nodes and mechanisms of the manual transmission, the cost of repairing the gearbox in this case increases significantly.
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