Say what you like, but extreme conditions for racing, almost for survival, love Russian cars.
I remember that at one time Finnish racers triumphantly marched along the African deserts - the tracks of the Paris - Dakkar rally - exclusively on the Russian "Niva". It is true that what the "serial" monster from Naberezhnye Chelny KAMAZ 4911 did at these races cannot even be compared with the victorious procession of the Togliatti car.
According to the FIA regulations, only production models can participate in the rally.
Imagine an eleven-ton colossus traveling at over one hundred and eighty kilometers per hour. Imagine how it accelerates to “hundreds” in just ten seconds. Imagine it flying through the air (athletes skillfully use any natural elevation as a springboard) and landing on all four wheels without a "breakdown" of the suspension and this with eleven tons of curb weight.
Anyone can buy a civilian version of this monster - the price tag starts at $ 250,000
If you can imagine this even approximately, then consider - you have a rough idea of what it is - the pride and glory of the domestic automotive industry KAMAZ 4911 Extreme. Plus - the permissible operating mode in the "temperature range" from minus thirty to plus fifty degrees Celsius.
No magic, no fiction
Usually, when talking about this legendary car, they get lost in an enthusiastic tone and describe its capabilities, accompanied by many exclamation marks. As if an eyewitness was faced with a clear manifestation of either a technical miracle, or met aliens who possess clearly unearthly technologies.
In fact, there is no magic here, as well as science fiction. And for all the unique capabilities of the monster from Naberezhnye Chelny, there is a clear and scientifically grounded explanation - the technical characteristics of KAMAZ 4911.
The YaMZ-7E846 engine is the heart of KAMAZ 4911
And they look like this. The V-shaped "eight" produced by the Yaroslavl Machine-Building Plant (YaMZ) has a volume of more than seventeen thousand cubic centimeters and develops a capacity of about eight hundred horsepower.
By the way, the engine for serial "SuperMAZ" served as the basis for the motor.
In addition, additional agility is added by two Borg Warner turbochargers and four valves, two inlet and two outlet, per cylinder. Total, on this engine - thirty-two).
Fly so fly
And the fast KAMAZ is equipped with hydropneumatic shock absorbers from the army BRDM, which are designed for parachute landing of multi-ton armored tracked vehicles, hence the fantastic “volatility” of a multi-ton truck. And besides, to ensure a smooth ride, the springs extended to almost two meters are used in the suspensions, so huge jumps during the rally do not harm either the car or the crew.
The 4x4 wheel arrangement, accompanied by a sixteen-speed manual ZF box and a Steyr “transfer case” with a center differential lock, give the truck fantastic cross-country ability. Since 2003, KAMAZ has climbed the podium in almost all world heavy-duty cross-country races.
Everything is superlative
If to the above we add a lightweight supporting frame, equipped with inserts made of composite materials, so that the rigidity and strength of the frame structure does not suffer, and the number of spring leaves - fourteen in the front and ten in the rear, then we get an approximate description of a car that consistently wins the most prestigious world rallies.
True, in the "combat", sports mode, the consumption of a monstrous 800 - strong engine fluctuates somewhere in the range of hundreds of liters per hundred, but for big sports, you must agree, in particular. It is not for nothing that the car is equipped with a twin fuel tank with a total capacity of one thousand liters.
The glorious sporting past and present of the Master - Kamaz team is inextricably linked with the periodically improving and recyclable production models of the automobile plant located in Naberezhnye Chelny, and KAMAZ 4911 Extreme is a striking representative of the family of cars that literally lifted the Russian rally team into the empyrean world sports unattainable for rivals. ...
Civil version of the racing version - KAMAZ 4911 Extreme
Since the end of the eighties of the last century, Russian KAMAZ trucks have been among the undisputed world leaders in the most prestigious and famous races. And finally, an anecdote (they say that the employees of "Master Kamaz" really love to tell visitors it very seriously): during the crash tests of the KAMAZ 4911 Extreme, the concrete wall, which was planned to break the front of the car, began to quietly crawl away from the test bench.
Little is known about the sports trucks of the Kamaz-Master team: which engine is installed? to what
Are the speeds accelerating? which parts are imported and which are domestic? In this article you will find all
answers!
In 1988, when Russian racers had just started to compete in KamAZ trucks, the equipment was
improved the suspension and hydraulic booster, developed and installed a tire inflation system.
Title = "(! LANG: In 1988, when Russian racers had just started to compete in KamAZ trucks, the equipment was
actually serial: as a basis, the athletes chose the three-axle all-wheel drive "KamAZ-4310",
which boosted the engine to 290 hp. (serial "eight" gave out 210 "horses"), a little
modified the cooling and lubrication systems, installed a roll cage, stiffer springs, new
shock absorbers and ... everything! In this performance, "KamAZ-S4310" ("C" - sports) made its debut at the European
rally "Yelch", where the KAMAZ team won 2 and 4 places in the individual standings and 1 place in the team standings.
Then a series of alterations began: what kind of motors did racing trucks try on! In 1989 -
forced up to 400 "horses" KAMAZ unit, in 1989 - an experimental 10-cylinder engine (he
turned out to be too unreliable), in 1991, finally, a specially designed "eight"
with a power of 430 h.p. Naturally, the powerful engine required a significant alteration of the transmission:
the factory produced an experimental gearbox and a new transfer case. Also engineers
improved the suspension and hydraulic booster, developed and installed a tire inflation system.">!}
Note that the first foreign component that was registered on a Russian sports truck
marathons forced engineers to hastily create and test a new car - "KamAZ-49256".
96 ". But then the truck again
a new heart was implanted: a 12-cylinder with a capacity of more than a thousand "horses"! On the "Dakar" 98 "
"KamAZ" performed unsuccessfully, because the huge power could not "digest" the transmission ... This
the prototype was the last Kama truck, where the engine was located in the middle: new rules
marathons forced engineers to hastily create and test a new car - "KamAZ-49256". "title =" (! LANG: Note that the first foreign component that was registered on a Russian sports truck
the clutch of British production became, although further KAMAZ used more and more imported
spare parts ... For example, the next generation of racing trucks (already two-axle!) received an American
520 hp Cummins engine However, when the Yaroslavl engine builders proposed a power
unit YaMZ-7E846, Kamaz chose a Russian turbodiesel: it conquered
low revs and good performance on low-grade fuel.
With such an engine, the mid-engined KamAZ-49252 brought KAMAZ workers to the victorious podium of the marathon
"Paris-Moscow-Beijing" and allowed to win the golden Berber at the "Dakar""96». Но затем грузовику снова !}
a new heart was implanted: a 12-cylinder with a capacity of more than a thousand "horses"! On the "Dakar" 98 "
"KamAZ" performed unsuccessfully, because the huge power could not "digest" the transmission ... This
the prototype was the last Kama truck, where the engine was located in the middle: new rules
marathons forced engineers to hastily create and test a new car - "KamAZ-49256". ">
After the model 49256, created in a hurry, a unique KamAZ-4911 Extreme appeared - a machine that did not
Dakar. Can you think of a better car? "Can!" - answered KAMAZ.
Title = "(! LANG: After the model 49256 created in a hurry, a unique KamAZ-4911 Extreme"
had analogues in cross-country ability, maneuverability and dynamics. "Forty nine eleven" were christened
"Flying truck": this monster, pushing off from natural trampolines, effectively took off over
earth! In its debut 2003, the high-speed heavy-duty truck retained victories in the Cup and Championship of Russia,
rally "Desert Challenge", "Khazar steppes", "Cappadocia", and most importantly - gold and bronze Berbers
"Dakar". Can you think of a better car? "Can!" - answered KAMAZ.">!}
In 2007, the current generation of sports trucks, KamAZ-4326-9, was born. On this sports
a modest resource - before decommissioning, the engine covers approximately 30 thousand racing kilometers.
Title = "(! LANG: In 2007, the current generation of sports trucks, KamAZ-4326-9, was born.
The truck is equipped with a Russian engine YMZ-7E846 with a volume of 18.47 liters. On the stand 8-cylinder V-shaped
the turbodiesel develops an impressive 830 hp. power and 3500 Nm of torque. However,
Yaroslavl turbo monster is imperfect: firstly, it is gluttonous (in a race, the engine consumes more than 100 liters
diesel fuel for every 100 kilometers), secondly, it is massive (1400 kg), thirdly, it differs
a modest resource - before decommissioning, the engine covers approximately 30 thousand racing kilometers.">!}
The rest of the mechanical filling of the trucks of the Kamaz-Master team is a prefabricated hodgepodge of domestic and
mechanisms - from the Belgian company Wabco). Tires - Race-proven Michelin 14.00 R20XZL.
Title = "(! LANG: The rest of the mechanical stuffing of the trucks of the Kamaz-Master team is a prefabricated hodgepodge of domestic and
imported units: clutch - English SACHS, gearbox - German 16-speed ZF,
transfer case - Austrian Steyr, cardan gear - Turkish Tirsan Kardan. If earlier
heavy KAMAZ bridges were installed, now racing trucks received Finnish Sisu bridges,
however, instead of standard disc brakes, domestic drum brakes are mounted (brake drive
mechanisms - from the Belgian company Wabco). Tires - Race-proven Michelin 14.00 R20XZL.">!}
By the way, the car of the seven-time Dakar winner Vladimir Chagin is different from the rest of the trucks.
"Blue armada": if a "regular" racing "KamAZ" costs about 200 thousand euros, then the cost of a 900-horsepower
Chaga car - 680 thousand euros! Where did this difference come from? Of all created by the team
This "Kamaz-Master" of trucks is the lightest and fastest: the maximum speed is 180
km / h, and acceleration to 100 km / h takes less than 10 seconds. But visually, Chagin's car differs only
small xenon headlights, as well as the cab pushed as far forward as possible.
What will happen next? Most recently, KAMAZ employees tested American Cummins engines, but so far
remains an uncompromising machine that churns out victories one after another.
Title = "(! LANG: What will happen next? Not long ago, KAMAZ employees tested American Cummins engines, but so far
there is no alternative to the Yaroslavl engine. The team's engineers are also involved in reducing the weight of the trucks.
(now the cars weigh almost 9200 kg, although according to the Dakar regulations the weight can be 8500 kg) and
improved weight distribution (on the prototype Chagin managed to achieve the proportion "fifty to fifty").
However, the revision of current cars is an attempt to make the ideal out of the best: the sports "KamAZ"
remains an uncompromising machine that churns out victories one after another.">!}
Reference:
Cab - KamAZ, Russia
Engine - YaMZ (18.47 l, 830 HP, 3500 Nm), Russia
Clutch - SACHS, Germany
Gearbox - ZF (16 steps), Germany
Transfer Case - Steyr, Austria
Cardan drive - Tirsan Kardan, Turkey
Bridges - Sisu, Finland
Braking system - Wabco, Belgium
Shock absorbers - Reiger, Holland
Tires - Michelin (14.00 R20XZL), France
Everyone already knows for sure the story that the requirements for engine displacement for "Dakar" racing trucks were constantly changing and it was decided to limit them to 13 liters (now 16 liters can be used). KAMAZ-master began to test several different variants of engines with such displacement, and eventually settled on 13-liter American Cummins QSZ13 engines assembled under license ... in China. When we were at the team's base in December 2016, we just caught the moment when such a unit was tested on a motor stand.
Technical characteristics of KAMAZ Master 2018
| MODEL | KAMAZ-4326, GAS-DIESEL |
| ENGINE CONSTRUCTION | Model Liebherr D9508 |
| A type | diesel with turbocharging and intercooling |
| Working volume / capacity of gas cylinders | 1000 l. / 356 l. |
| Max. power in kW (hp) / at rpm | 1 - 700(950)/2400 |
| Arrangement and number of cylinders | V-shaped, 8 |
| Fuel consumption per 100 km, diesel / gas asphalt / off-road: 60-120 l | 20-30 l / 10-15 cbm m 60-120 l / 25-50 cub. m |
| CLUTCH | ZF MFZ430 |
| A type | frictional, dry, single-disk |
| Drive unit | hydraulic, remote |
| TRANSMISSION | ZF 16S251 |
| A type | mechanical, synchronized, 16-speed |
| TRANSFER CASE | ZF VG2000 |
| A type | mechanical, 2-stage |
| SUSPENSION | |
| A type | dependent, spring |
| Type of elements used | small leaf spring, gas-filling shock absorbers |
| BRAKE SYSTEM | Electronic pneumatic actuator (EBS) |
| Brake type | drum |
| WHEELS AND TIRES | |
| Wheel type | disc aluminum with pressure regulation system |
| Tires | Continental, 14R20 164 / 160K HCS |
This stand allows simulating a wide variety of operating modes, including simulating real operation, setting increased loads, etc. So, the testers liked how the "base" Cummins QSZ13 engine behaved in difficult modes. And it was decided to do it forcing, and then test it in racing conditions. My colleague avalanche already this fall visited the base and found out that so far this one is only on the car of Dmitry Sotnikov's crew. Others continue to use the 16-liter Liebherr, which will soon be outlawed.
Brief reminder question for those who missed. Let me remind you that in 2012, the V8 TMZ-7E846.10 engine (Tutaevsky Engine Plant), with a working volume of 18.5 liters, with a capacity of 850 hp, was used for the last time on top-end KAMAZ-master trucks. and with a torque of 2700 Nm, with a curb weight of the truck of 9300 kg. The team liked the engine, it was reliable, albeit outdated.
Characteristics of the TMZ-7E846.10 engine
Engine type: diesel, 8-cylinder, 4-stroke with V-shaped arrangement of cylinders (camber angle 90 °), direction of rotation of the crankshaft - right-hand, turbocharged, with intercooling of charge air. The cylinder diameter is 140 mm, the piston stroke is 140 mm. The cooling system is liquid, the water-oil radiator is built into the engine. Installed on: Engine for sports cars "KamAZ-Master" and "MAZ-SPORT" participating in rally-raids.
And this is how the TMZ engine looks at its workplace
Since 2013, the technical requirements have changed. The maximum working volume was not to exceed 16 liters. Then an option was found with a Swiss-German tractor power unit Liebherr D9508 V8. Moreover, its refinement to racing conditions was carried out directly in Naberezhnye Chelny, on the basis of the team. As a result, the official characteristics of KAMAZ 4326 with it are as follows: a working volume of 16 liters, a power of 920 hp, a torque of 4000 Nm, with a curb weight of the car of 8900 kg. Although, according to the employees of the team, they had to suffer with "Liebherr", and at first they did not like its reliability, but then they were able to bring it to the required condition. And again the team from Tatarstan began to win, although it became more and more difficult to do it, the nature of the track in “Dakar” also changed, towards simplification. In 2016, the first place was lost, but already in 2017, Chelny residents were able to return to the top and win again!
In the meantime, the organizers of the "Dakar" decided to again limit the volume of engines for the 2017 race, this time - no more than 16 liters. The team again had to invest in refining the Liebherr engine so that the reduction in displacement did not significantly affect performance. The next step - it was decided to allow trucks with a maximum of 13-liter power units to the Dakar. In this case, it turns out to be overboard Liebherr, in the revision of which more than one million dollars were invested. By the way, it is Liebherr specialists who help in the development of a new line of six-cylinder in-line KAMAZ P6 turbodiesels for serial KAMAZ vehicles. On a serial engine, they promise to remove up to 750 horsepower from a working volume of 12 liters. But for racing conditions it is not yet used. I can't say - either he is not very suitable for this, or he is simply not ready yet. In general, there will be more than once news on the motor theme from the KAMAZ-master mill, just have time to follow.
About Kamaz-Master cars A machine ready for exploits
"Spread the wings of your imagination and feel the unknown dimensions of speed and space"
In September 1988, the team from Naberezhnye Chelny made its debut at the Yelch rally in Poland. In that first rally-raid in its history, KAMAZ athletes performed on serial all-wheel drive off-road vehicles KAMAZ 4310. Already in the early 90s, in close cooperation with factory designers and testers, the team created its own sports trucks: KAMAZ 49250 and KAMAZ 49251. The basis for these machines were served by the most advanced equipment of the Kama Automobile Plant at that time.
In 1994, the team took part in a car with pronounced sporting characteristics, fundamentally different from ordinary production trucks - KAMAZ 49252. It had an engine of 750 horsepower, the car had a mid-engined layout and large 25-inch wheels. The sloping platform of the SUV, designed to reduce aerodynamic drag, is an original stage in the design of a sports truck that has remained in history. In a year, three new-generation sports trucks will carry the KAMAZ crews to the victorious podium of the Paris-Moscow-Beijing auto marathon. A few months later, in January 1996, the team won the legendary Dakar rally-marathon for the first time.
Experiments on technique were sometimes a little too daring. For example, the sports KAMAZ 49255 had a twelve-cylinder engine with a capacity of 1050 horsepower. His hyper-powerful heart broke the transmission, which happened at the 1998 Dakar. Very often, cars were born in the shortest possible time. So, in 2002, the FIA vetoed the participation in the Dakar of trucks with a mid-engined line-up, which provides good weight distribution and stability. The Kamaz truck was just like that. But the biggest difficulty was that these innovations became known only six months before the start. In a short time, a combat sports truck KAMAZ 49256 with an 830 horsepower engine was created. He was born in agony, after each test the car was taken from the landfill on a trawl. And only a few hours before sending the command to the Dakar, the error was found and eliminated. As a result, the car passed the test of durability, bringing KAMAZ another Dakar gold.
A year later, the KAMAZ-master team made a new qualitative leap by creating a new model of a sports car. KAMAZ 4911 EXTREME has become a combat vehicle that has no analogues in cross-country ability, maneuverability and dynamics. For its unique technical and operational qualities, it was dubbed the "flying truck". Indeed, in the hands of such masters as the pilot Vladimir Chagin, this car at speed easily lifted off the ground, pushing off from natural jumps. With an 850 horsepower engine, the car accelerated to 100 km / h in ten seconds.
Since 1999, the rally "Desert Challenge" in the United Arab Emirates has become a traditional testing ground for technical innovations, the conditions of which are as close as possible to those of Dakar. The team began to conduct constant work to reduce the weight of the car, increase the smoothness of the ride and solve many other important tasks to improve the technology.
In 2007, the organizers of the Dakar again changed the technical requirements for the trucks participating in the race, somewhat softening them. In particular, it became possible to shift the engine back a little, which the KAMAZ-master team took advantage of, improving the weight distribution and maneuverability of the car, as well as increasing the ride smoothness. However, the relief in one led to a tightening in the other: new requirements for serial production were imposed. If earlier, in order for a sports truck to pass homologation, it was enough to release fifteen such cars from the assembly line, now it took fifty over two years. Therefore, again, a car produced by the Kama auto giant for the needs of the army was taken as the basis for the new model.
At the end of 2007, the KAMAZ-4326 VK was born. Only one fact testifies to the conscientiousness of the approach to the creation of the vehicle: the new KAMAZ combat truck was the first to undergo homologation in its class. The pre-jubilee KAMAZ-4326 VK, which embodied all the best practices of the team, proved its potential first at the stages of the Russian Championship, and then at the Dakar 2009.
KAMAZ 4326-9
The reason for the creation of the car was the next changes in the requirements for trucks from the FIA, which made it possible to homologate a sports car on the basis of serial components and assemblies. The new four-wheel drive sport utility vehicle has an eight-cylinder YaMZ 7E846.10-07 engine with a capacity of 830 l / s, the car's engine has been moved by 400 mm, and the cabin - by 200 mm towards the rear axle. This made it possible to improve the "weight distribution" of the truck. By reducing the front overhang, the geometric cross-country ability has improved. Descending from the dune, the car goes into a horizontal position without interference (it used to hit the surface with the bumper). The car's ride has become smoother due to the modernization of the suspension, in particular the use of new shock absorbers. The weight of the car was reduced, although it has not yet been possible to reach the minimum limit of 8.5 tons allowed by the organizers of the Dakar, but work on this is being carried out to this day.
Due to the FIA's requirements for reducing haze, the fuel system settings had to be changed, which, unfortunately, led to a decrease in power.
The KAMAZ 4326 VK car was created in full compliance with the technical requirements of the organizers of international rally-marathons and was the first to pass homologation in its class.
Body
Number of seats 3
Length, mm 7320
Height, mm 3230
Curb weight, kg 8500
Front axle load, kg 4900
Rear axle load, kg 3600
Engine
Model YaMZ-7E846.10-07
Number of valves 32
Working volume, l3 18.47
Max. power, hp / rpm 830/2500
Max. torque, Nm / rpm 2700/1600
Transmission
Clutch SАСНS
Chassis
Drum brakes
MICHELIN tires, 14.00 R20XZL
Fuel tank capacity, l 1000
KAMAZ 4911
A special vehicle with a 4x4 wheel arrangement is designed for emergency delivery of goods to hard-to-reach areas on roads with an axle load of up to 78 kN (8 tons), as well as on dirt roads and rough terrain.
The truck is suitable for operation in climatic zones with air temperatures from -30 ° to + 50 ° C.
This four-wheel drive racing truck was nicknamed "flying" because of the fact that it lifted off the ground with ease and grace. It was serial, which had no analogues in the main KAMAZ production (for the recognition of serial production according to the FIA requirements of that time, it was enough to produce 15 cars a year, now - 50 in two years). It was powered by a YaMZ 7E846.10 V8 turbodiesel engine with a capacity of 830 l / s, with two Holset turbochargers. The car was capable of speeds up to 180 km / h, accelerating to 100 km / h in just 10 seconds.
The car was returned to the classic rectangular platform. This happened because the organizers of the Dakar once again demanded from the participants to bring their sports heavy-duty trucks in line with the usual - serial trucks intended for the transportation of goods. In order to reduce weight, a thinner frame was installed on the truck, which, due to additional inserts, did not lose its power. The car has become "softer", the ride is improved due to longer springs (1900 mm) and the modernization of hydropneumatic shock absorbers. The car was able to jump from a great height, landing gently on the wheels, without breakdowns and damage to the crew.
The debut heavy truck race brought the team first and third places at the Telefonica-Dakar 2003 rally. In the same year, victories at the Cup of Russia, the Championship of Russia, the Khazar Steppes rally, the Cappadocia 2003 rally and the Desert Challenge followed. Over the course of several years, after each Dakar rally, the KAMAZ 4911 SUV has undergone revision and modernization.
Extreme index
Unparalleled. This definition best fits the all-wheel drive KamAZ-4911 Extreme. The serial all-terrain truck at the price of $ 200 thousand (in the sports version - $ 250 thousand) is really unique in cross-country ability, dynamics and maneuverability. It is not for nothing that this prefix was made to its index. KamAZ-4911 appeared not as a result of the technical evolution of the car plant's model range, but "by itself". The truck was based on the principles of multifunctionality, autonomy, the ability to cover distances in the absence of roads. The importance of the appearance of this particular machine was emphasized by the fact that it was “announced” personally by the general director of OJSC “KamAZ” Sergey Kogogin. And soon he, standing on the pedestal of the off-road rally-raid “Telefonika-Dakar-2003”, was holding the famous cup. Obtained, by the way, on the racing version of the KamAZ-4911 Extreme. Then, a year ago, our crew consisting of pilot Vladimir Chagin, navigator and head of the KamAZ-Master team Semyon Yakubov, mechanic Sergei Savostin finished first. On the track with a total length of more than eight and a half thousand kilometers, which connected two continents and five countries, Kamaz workers on Extreme “brought” the closest pursuers more than an hour. Behind were rivals on fifty trucks of famous brands: DAF, MAN, Mercedes-Benz, Renault, Scania, Tatra, Mitsubishi ... By the way, “KamAZ-Master” is the only one of the teams that put up more than one car, which finished in full combat strength ... After last year's "Dakar" there were other victories of KamAZ-4911 Extreme, and in particular in the Desert Challenge rally-raid in the United Arab Emirates. In this country, a little earlier, at the spring exhibition of arms and military equipment IDEX-2003 in Abu Dhabi, the usual, not the sports version of the KamAZ-4911 flashed with its capabilities. The three-time world champion in off-road rally-raids, Vladimir Chagin, piloted it at a speed of 100 km / h, flew into a 14-meter springboard, after which he landed on all four wheels. It was then that KamAZ-4911 was awarded the epithet "flying truck" - "flying truck". The Belarusian crew, who tried to repeat the trick, failed: their car “nodded”, broke the torsion bar and dropped out of the demonstration. Disappointment awaited other athletes who tried to “fly” on smaller springboards - attempts ended with a broken suspension. Angry competitors tried to disrupt the performance of the Russians: one day the guys discovered that antifreeze was flowing near the KamAZ-4911 left near the demonstration zone. It turns out that the radiator was pierced with a sharp metal object from the inside, where a human hand could reach ... But the organizers evaluated the plant's merits differently and awarded KamAZ one of the main prizes - "For the most perfect equipment presented at demonstration performances."
The case with KamAZ-4911 is generally special. It usually takes several years to develop a new truck model. It took 6 months to create Extreme. When foreigners hear about this, they often ask again: years or months? And, having received a clarifying answer, they raise their eyebrows in surprise. There is reason to be surprised when you get to know the car. The kinematic speed of the car is 215 km / h, but the real one, as the creators themselves say, is 200 km / h. However, on the "Dakar" they did not squeeze more than 186 km / h on the salt marsh - it is fraught with consequences. At the last race, for example, at a speed of 160 km / h, the front left wheel burst from overheating (Michelin guarantees the safety of rubber only at 130 km / h). Result: flew off the road, but, fortunately, did not turn over. What would have happened in a different car and with a different driver - it's scary to think ...
Its construction is frame, welded. The box-section spars are 6-8 mm thick. The undercarriage guarantees reliable movement in all modes and ensures overcoming fords up to 1.7 m deep. The frame is equipped with a forced 730-horsepower YaMZ-7E846 engine manufactured by Avtodiesel JSC. It differs from the usual modification by a turbocharging with two turbochargers and a charge air cooling system. To increase power, a 5E178 high-pressure fuel pump with a larger plunger pair is used. New technical solutions include a three-stage fuel filtration system and an air filter with two filter elements and pre-cleaners. The machine is equipped with two aluminum water radiators and a plastic fan with an automatically activated viscous clutch. The most saturated part of the car with foreign units is the transmission. It uses a Sachs clutch, ZF gearbox, Steyr transfer case. But the cardan drive with four shafts and bridges are domestic. Foreign components increase the cost of the car, but you can't get away from this. However, Russian parts cannot be called cheap either. For example, Krasnoyarsk rims cost, like French tires, $ 1000 apiece. Speaking of tires. The Extreme has a separate air pressure control system for the front and rear axles. The three-seater all-metal welded cab is attached to the frame with four supports. The fastening is rigid, as is the fastening of the seats to the cab floor. This allows the driver to feel the car “with his skin” and adequately react to the road situation. For safety reasons - inside the cab there is a welded frame made of steel pipes with a diameter of 60 mm. In general, there are so many fresh solutions in the design that the KAMAZ employees themselves say about the car as follows: “It, as before, has 4 wheels. Everything else is new. " KamAZ-4911 turned out to be so successful that its first series of 15 pieces began to disperse with a bang. Several cars were ordered by the FSB, one - by the Prime Minister of Ukraine himself. Two sports modifications were purchased, but not for participation in races. Applications for the new model came from France and the UAE. Buyers in Pakistan and India are eyeing it. Experts say that today this is the best truck for the army, not only in our country, but also in the world. As a major in reserve, I am ready to sign this personally.
Characteristics of KAMAZ 4911
Body
Number of seats 3
Curb weight, kg 7250
Full weight, kg 12000
Carrying capacity, kg 4000
Engine
Model YaMZ-7E846
Type Diesel turbocharged
Number and arrangement of cylinders 8, V-shaped
Number of valves 32
Working volume, l3 17.24
Max. power, hp / rpm 730/2500
Max. torque, Nm / rpm 2700/1400
Transmission
Clutch SАСНS
Gearbox ZF 16S-251, 16-speed
Transfer case STEYR VC2000 / 300, center differential lock
Chassis
Spring suspension (front 14 sheets, rear 10), with 4 shock absorbers
Drum brakes
MICHELIN tires, 425/85 R21
Performance characteristics
Maximum speed, km / h 165
Acceleration time from 0 to 100 km / h, from 16
Fuel consumption, l / 100 km
control when driving with full load and speed 60 km / h 30
calculated under extreme operating conditions 82
KAMAZ 49256
A sports all-wheel drive off-road vehicle with a standard (under the cab) arrangement of the YaMZ-7E846 engine with a capacity of 800 l / s, equipped with a proprietary KAMAZ sloped platform. Work on the car began in the second half of 2001 after the Motorsport Federation banned mid-engined cars from rallying. The fine-tuning of the car continued until the departure of the KAMAZ-master team for the Arras-Madrid-Dakar 2002 rally-marathon.
From the Chelny test site in Tarlovka, the truck was invariably brought to the workshop on a trailer. The tests revealed weaknesses in the front axle, which, due to the standard front engine arrangement, received additional dynamic loads in race conditions. Therefore, a more powerful bearing of the pivot assembly was installed, the ball bearing of the steering knuckle was reinforced with an additional ring. In a new car, the Chelny residents took the gold of the Dakar, and in the same year they won the rally "Optic Tunis 2000", "Master Rally" and "Desert Challenge".
The main differences are:
1. The engine is installed above the front axle.
2.Front driving axle with an axle beam deployed at 90 degrees and a vertical split with main gear.
3. Modified axle suspension, in accordance with the changed axle load distribution.
4. The dimensions of the cargo platform and its location relative to the front axle are in accordance with the technical regulations. The platform allows commercial transportation of goods weighing up to 6000 kg.
KAMAZ 49255
Experimental vehicle of the KAMAZ-master team. This two-axle all-wheel drive truck had a twelve-cylinder engine with a capacity of 1050 l / s. The model was returned to the previous platform design - the classic "box". However, the car could not prove itself in races, since its engine turned out to be so powerful that it broke the transmission: the gearbox, gearboxes of the front and rear axles failed. Having tested the car at the "Master-Rally 97" and at the "Paris-Granada-Dakar 1998" they decided to abandon it.
KAMAZ 49252
The predecessor of the car was KAMAZ-49251 with a CUMMINS N14-500E engine with a capacity of 520 l / s. After a fire at the engine plant due to a shortage of power units, KAMAZ OJSC produced a batch of trucks with an engine of this American brand; the sports team also tested it. But in parallel, she worked with the eight-cylinder engine of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant YAMZ-7E846. The second option turned out to be preferable and KAMAZ-49252 was born.
The car had an original, straight, rigid frame that could withstand dynamic loads from the suspension without consequences. Therefore, the car broke down much less often than the previous ones. The truck was equipped with more powerful Krazov gearboxes with a changed gear ratio, 25-inch wheels, it still had a mid-engine layout. Also striking was the original sloped platform of the heavy-duty truck, which reduced aerodynamic drag and was much lighter than the usual one. Its braking system was modernized: instead of brake pads, disc brake pads were used; for their installation, the "skeleton" of the pads was made welded.
The car developed a speed of up to 100 km / h in 16 seconds and had a maximum speed on a solid track - 180 km / h. For a number of external reasons, the new car did not manage to win the Paris-Dakar 1995 rally, but all three victorious places “Master Rally 1995” went to KAMAZ-master.
Improvements
1997 year... The International Motor Sport Federation (FIA) prohibits the use of special 25-inch tires on racing trucks, explaining that the cars must match production originals. Only 20 "wheels with a low speed rating are allowed, which limited the maximum speed of the truck.
The innovation led to a decrease in the distance between the wheel disc and the brake drum, cooling deteriorated sharply, brakes and hubs began to overheat. The pads have become a "consumable" material. Kamaz workers had to open the brakes, removing the protective screens.
year 2000... Rally "Paris-Dakar-Cairo". The modernized KAMAZ 49252 WSK car entered this race. The truck had a box "Z.F." 16S220A with a WSK torque converter, which provided an average of three times the increase in torque without interrupting the power flow. However, the temperature of the oil in the gearbox increased and a large number of radiators had to be installed. The primary shaft of the box, overloaded by the torque converter, worsened the working condition of its oil seal; at each parking lot, oil began to flow from the car, which the mechanics had to collect and refill. The engine was started an hour before the start. But even on such a "raw" car, the crew of Vladimir Chagin managed to take the gold in the Dakar.
Rally "Paris-Dakar 2001"... The year for the KAMAZ-master team turned out to be generous with victories: the first places in the races "Desert Challenge", "Optic Tunis 2000", "Por Las Pampas". But his start at the Dakar Rally was a failure. All four KAMAZ vehicles (one of them was rented by a Spanish crew) went off the track, three of them - due to a breakdown of a gearbox manufactured by Z.F. After a post-race damage analysis revealed a weak spot in the box, the team asked their German partners to change one part - the ring gear support. To which she received an categorical answer that her quality was quite satisfactory for the Germans. Then the production of the part was set up at the Kama Automobile Plant, and in Germany it was simply inserted during assembly.
KAMAZ 49250
The first two-axle four-wheel drive sports truck created by the team on the basis of a KAMAZ vehicle from the Mustang series. The KAMAZ 7482 engine was boosted to 500 l / s. The car had a mid-engined line-up, which gave it greater stability, tubular cross-members and a sixteen-speed gearbox in a block with a transfer case manufactured by the German company Z. F. ".
The springs of ordinary trucks twisted and broke, not withstanding overloads, therefore, hydropneumatic shock absorbers were installed on the car, similar to those installed on the BMD (Airborne Combat Vehicle). At VGTZ (Volgograd Tractor Plant), a batch of such shock absorbers was prepared, adapted to a sports truck. More durable brackets were also installed on the car. The debut of the two-axle car took place at the Paris-Dakar-Paris 1994 rally and turned out to be a failure: the gas joint of the engines of all three cars could not stand the gas joint and they had to leave the race. Failure led to the understanding of one point: the KAMAZ engine is not suitable for a racing car.
KAMAZ S4310
KAMAZ-S4310. The KAMAZ team created its first sports truck on the basis of a serial four-wheel drive three-axle vehicle KAMAZ-4310. The standard KAMAZ-740 engine with a capacity of 210 l / s was boosted to 290 l / s due to the installation of turbochargers and an increase in fuel supply. Pistons with a modified profile, torsional vibration dampers were used, the lubrication system was modernized, a viscous coupling was used in the cooling system, as well as a specially selected fan with increased performance. The car had stiffer springs, new special shock absorbers. But the "balancer" of the three-axle truck remained practically free and, landing after the next jump, it fought first with the middle, then with the rear axle. To avoid impacts, take-off springs from conventional cultivators were installed on the middle axle.
In accordance with the requirements, safety arcs were installed on the car, the serial green platform awning was replaced with yellow .. The debut of the truck took place at the European rally "Jelcz", which took place in the vicinity of Polish Wroclaw, in September 1988. Kamaz took 2nd and 4th places in the individual competition, and the first - in the team competition.
Looking back
In June 1989, when the Soviet Union was still alive, and racing KAMAZ trucks differed little from serial ones, the French organized the first and only "purely cargo" rally-raid Objectif Sud ("Target - South"). It's funny that out of twenty crews, seventeen were French and three were Soviet!
And there was no particular variety of brands - only Mercedes, IVECO and now forgotten Unic trucks. Then the first to finish in Sierra Leone came Mercedes, crowned with a luxurious wing, the second place was taken by KAMAZ with the Baltic crew, the third - KAMAZ, where the navigator was Firdaus Kabirov.
But more such events were not held, and next year the KAMAZ team already took part in the Paris-Dakar rally.
Improvements:
1989 year... Rally "Ojektiv Sud". Further boosting of the KAMAZ engine (400 l / s) was achieved through the development of a special crankshaft and block, as a result, the cooling system had to be completely changed.
1990 year... Rally "Paris - Dakar". The car is equipped with ten-cylinder experimental engines, as well as a gearbox without a divider, since only such a box fit next to the massive engine. In order to minimize the distance between the main and transfer case, a double-joint cardan without a splined part was made.
However, the innovations did not give the expected effect: all three KAMAZ-Master crews dropped out of the race due to engine breakdown.
1991 year... Rally "Paris Dakar". The car is equipped with an eight-cylinder KAMAZ-7482 engine with a capacity of 430 horsepower, created specifically for racing (later it became the base for production cars, until 2000).
The truck's gearbox was made on the basis of a modified KAMAZ-53215 gearbox and consisted of practically the same innovations: the size of the input shaft for the diaphragm clutch was increased, narrow steel synchronizers with molybdenum coating were used, the gear ratios in the divider and the main gearbox were changed in order to increase the dynamics, a diaphragm two-disc clutch (driven discs are equipped with sintered gaskets) British production. The transfer case was also new - KAMAZ-43114, with a transmitted torque of 150 kg.m. The power steering has been improved, a special tire inflation system has been developed, and 1800 mm springs have been used.
The car turned out to be very strong. It was on it that the KAMAZ team won the first victory in their Dakar history - they took second place.
1992 year... Rally "Paris - Cape Town" and "Paris - Moscow - Beijing". In order to reduce the weight of the sports car and improve its layout, light aluminum platforms made in St. Petersburg are installed on the truck. Spare wheels are carried to the front of the truck and the tanks are carried to the back. But following the results of two, not entirely successful races, it becomes obvious that in order to achieve better results, the KAMAZ team needs a two-axle car.
KAMAZ 635050
Escort car. The "technical" has everything you need: a shower, sleeping places and a kitchen. Characteristics of KAMAZ 635050
Body
Number of seats 4
Curb weight, kg 15500
Full weight, kg 24000
Loading capacity, kg 8500
Engine
Model CUMMINS N14 700
Type Diesel turbocharged
Number and arrangement of cylinders 6, in a row
Number of valves 24
Working volume, l3 14
Max. power, hp / rpm 700/2200
Max. torque, Nm / rpm 2750/1400
Transmission
Clutch SАСНS
Gearbox ZF 16S220А, 16-speed
Chassis
MICHELIN tires, 14 R20
Performance characteristics
Maximum speed, km / h 100
Fuel tank capacity, l 800
http://www.kamazmaster.ru
On November 8, the vehicles of the KAMAZ-master team set off on a long journey to the start of the Dakar-2016 rally-marathon. Before leaving the team at the Tarlovka training ground was visited by the President of Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov, the general director of KAMAZ PJSC Sergey Kogogin, the deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Alfiya Kogogina, the mayor of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny Nail Magdeev and the Deputy Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports of the Republic of Tatarstan Rustam Garifullin.
The head of the KAMAZ-master team, Vladimir Chagin, introduced the sports crews and team personnel to the guests, which will go to the main start of the season in South America. The President of Tatarstan was told about the preparation process for the rally. The technical director of the team, Vladimir Guba, demonstrated the components and assemblies of the machines, which were improved in preparation for the race. Then Rustam Minnikhanov personally tested the racing car of Eduard Nikolaev and even made a spectacular long jump on one of the springboards. Answering journalists' questions, the President of Tatarstan said: "The handling of the car is good, it reacts quickly, better than any jeep, a very good car." Let us remind you that Rustam Minnikhanov at different times driving a sports "KAMAZ" brought the team six victories at prestigious international competitions.
In turn, the General Director of KAMAZ Sergey Kogogin wished all the participants good luck in the upcoming races. There are two of them, like last year: Africa Eco Flight and Dakar.
Immediately after the event, the crews headed for the French port of Le Havre, where the cars will undergo initial technical checks, will be loaded onto the ferry of the competition organizers and sent to South America. The ferry with the cars of the Dakar race participants will arrive in Buenos Aires by the end of December. Several KAMAZ-master employees will meet the vehicles on the other side of the Atlantic. The rest of the team members will fly to Argentina directly to the start of the marathon. The Dakar Rally starts on January 2 in Buenos Aires. The route is laid through the territory of Argentina and Bolivia. After an almost 9000 kilometer loop across the South American continent, the rally caravan finishes in Rosario, Argentina.
At Dakar-2016, KAMAZ-master will exhibit a composition of four "combat" crews:
№500 Ayrat Mardeev - Aydar Belyaev - Dmitry Svistunov.
No. 502 Eduard Nikolaev - Evgeny Yakovlev - Vladimir Rybakov.
№504 Andrey Karginov - Andrey Mokeev - Igor Leonov.
No. 508 Dmitry Sotnikov - Igor Devyatkin - Ruslan Akhmadeev.
Traditionally, an uncompromising struggle is expected for leadership in the truck category. The main rivals of the Russian KAMAZ-master team - IVECO, MAN, RENAULT, GINAF, TATRA, MAZ, LIAZ mobilized all resources for the race.
Rally "Africa Eco Race" - another race in which KAMAZ-master will take part - starts on December 27, 2015 and finishes on January 10 at Pink Lake in Dakar (Senegal). It will be attended by 2 crews piloted by Anton Shibalov and Sergey Kupriyanov. Sergey Kupriyanov's truck, like last year, will run on gas-diesel fuel.
Quotes
Rustam Minnikhanov, President of the Republic of Tatarstan:
"The handling of the car is good, it reacts quickly, better than any jeep, a very good car."
Sergey Kogogin, General Director of KAMAZ PTC:
“The main thing is not to frighten off luck! The nature of the race is changing. This year there will be little sand, which turns the rally, as the athletes joke, into a tram race. In addition, the crews will be required to show incredible physical capabilities, because half of the race will take place in the highlands. Passes at an altitude of 4,700 meters are already quite unusual for the physical capabilities of the riders. Every year the organizers come up with everything new and new. I think our athletes will be able to please us ”.
Alfiya Kogogina, Deputy of the State Duma:
“A huge army of Blue Armada fans in Russia and, especially, in the Republic of Tatarstan, during the New Year holidays, will closely follow the race that will unfold on the most difficult and dangerous sections of off-road tracks in Africa and South America. I am sure that the KAMAZ team will show the highest professionalism, champion character and team cohesion, demonstrate the capabilities of domestic KAMAZ vehicles, and impose their own racing style on rivals. "
Vladimir Chagin, head of the KAMAZ-master team:
“As part of the regulations, we worked on the engine - we slightly increased the power and torque. In the suspension, the characteristics of the springs and shock absorbers have been changed. Suspension travel will be closely monitored this year. If last year a stroke of 330 millimeters was allowed, then this year only 300. It is 30 mm less, and this will have a very serious effect when driving off-road. The special feature of this year's race is the 5 days of mountain sections in Bolivia. Perhaps this part will be decisive for the entire outcome of the race. It is important how the crews adapt to the altitude, how the engines will behave in high altitude conditions with a lack of oxygen. And, of course, the braking system. It's one thing to climb a mountain, but you also have to go down. At the finish of the special stages, many probably saw that it was as if four bonfires were burning around the car - this is the heat from the burning brake linings. There were cases when tires caught fire. But this year we have found some good brake pad material that will hopefully allow the brakes to perform more consistently. "
