Proper “phasing” of gas distribution is the key to stable and economical operation of any engine, especially injection. The entire injection motor control system is based on data received from numerous sensors, including a phase sensor, or a camshaft position sensor. Like any other consumable, this sensor requires periodic inspection, which is best done using special equipment. Despite this, there are several ways to check the VAZ-2114 phase sensor with a multimeter with your own hands in garage conditions.
Design, why do we need a phase sensor (camshaft position sensor)
All VAZ-2114 cars with 16-valve engines, as well as those equipped with 8-valve engines that comply with the Euro3 standard, have such a sensor in the control system.
Camshaft position sensor
Its task is to receive information about the engine operating mode in real time and immediately transmit an impulse to the electronic control unit.
From the design point of view, there is nothing cosmic in it: it is a two-part integral design - a reading element and a pulse converter, which sends the received data to the computer.
The sensor is triggered only when a magnetically conductive material passes near it, and in our case this material becomes a steel boss. It activates a magnetic field, which is converted into an impulse and transmitted to the computer.
The position of the sensor is fixed, and it is located at the end of the block head. The principle of operation of the sensor is no different from the principle of operation of other electromagnetic position sensors.
Depending on the number of valves, the following phase sensors can be installed on the VAZ-2114:
- for 8-valve engine - 21110 370 60 40 ;
- for 16-valve - 21120 370 60 40 .
Phase sensor for 8 valve engine - 21110 370 60 40
Errors 0343, 0340 and other malfunction symptoms
In addition to reporting these errors, a sensor malfunction can be indicated as increased fuel consumption, the inability to carry out engine self-diagnosis, and sometimes the engine may refuse to start.
Nevertheless, already in the case when the sensor is completely out of order and the diagnostic system simply does not identify it. Therefore, there is a danger of using a faulty sensor for some time, and this will not lead to anything good.
Check Engine signals the failure of the camshaft position sensor
That is why it is worth checking the sensor at the first appearance of suspicious symptoms. The point is also that the injection system is guided by this sensor when the moment of fuel supply is calculated, and a failure in this system threatens not only increased fuel consumption, but also a drop in power and instability of the engine. The price of the sensor, regardless of the number of valves in the engine, rarely exceeds 600 rubles and depends on the manufacturer.
Judging by the reviews of the owners, the original Bosch devices proved to be the best.
How to check the phase sensor on the VAZ-2114 with a multimeter
It is clear that hardly anyone keeps a professional laboratory oscilloscope in the garage. Only on the balcony. Therefore, we will manage with a less complicated device that every motorist should have - a multimeter. The verification technology is simple and straightforward, but depending on the type of engine, it is somewhat different. We check the sensor on an eight-valve engine:
For a 16-valve engine, the check is the same, only the voltage must be measured between the negative terminal of the sensor and terminal B. The voltage drop should also be 0.4 V while a metal object is in the sensor field and 0.9 V when the object is removed.
The on-board computer may show two errors related to our sensor:
- error 0340, which indicates the physical absence of the sensor, which means that no voltage is supplied to it or the sensitive element is out of order;
- upon occurrence errors 0343 there is a high probability that the sensor pulse level is too high, which may be due to a lack of contact on the terminals or damage to the signal wiring.
Replacing a faulty sensor is carried out quickly, without noise and dust, it is enough to de-energize the car and unscrew the fixing bolt.
Dismantled phase sensor
After that, it is worth checking the cleanliness of the contacts on the block and installing a new device. Immediately after replacing the sensor, the error messages should disappear. Good luck with the repair and stable phases!
Video about replacing the phase sensor on the VAZ-2114
Before we find out what the replacement of the VAZ camshaft position sensor is, let's repeat what functions the camshaft itself performs?
Camshaft sensor
Purpose
The components of the camshaft are elliptical cams, each of which acts on its own personal valve, that is, the task assigned to the camshaft is to control the exhaust and intake valves. Although it is driven by a belt drive from the crankshaft, its speed is half that of the crankshaft.
Unfortunately, it is impossible to determine which phase of the engine’s operation is currently in operation only by the position of the crankshaft (compression stroke with the accompanying ignition of the fuel mixture or the moment of emission of exhaust gases), then the camshaft position sensor helps the electronic control unit determine the desired phase gas distribution mechanism.
The photo below shows how the camshaft acts on the valve:
The camshaft cam (1) rotates and acts on the valve (4) through the pusher (2) and the spring (3), the valve seat (6) opens and through the channel (5) the exhaust gases / fuel mixture move from / to the chamber / combustion chamber (7).
Principle of operation
In the domestic automotive industry, sensors that help the engine control system determine the desired phase of the gas distribution mechanism began to be used even in contactless ignition systems of carburetor "eights". It was installed in a distributor, and its work was also based on the so-called Hall effect.
This sensor removes and transmits to the switch the signal received from the metal shutter having one slot, which is fixed directly on the crankshaft gear (1).
That is, the shutter itself (2) is constantly located between the magnet and the sensor (3) that reads its signals, thereby preventing it from reading the magnetic lines. The slot (4) is used to generate and supply a pulse from the sensor to the electronic control unit (switch).
The presented design is made in such a way that the phase sensor informs the commutator with an impulse exactly at the moment when the compression stroke occurs in the first cylinder. Pulse parameters: the slot is opposite - the voltage is almost zero, the slot is to the side - the voltage is almost equal to the voltage in the on-board circuit.
Sensor Differences
The above design is called slot-hole and is used in the control system of a 16-valve engine on a VAZ 2112/2110. On the VAZ 2115, the replacement of the camshaft sensor is somewhat different, since the engines of the VAZ 2111 and 21214 series are equipped with end-type phase sensors.
It also works on the principle of the Hall effect, only its design does not use a slot, but a special reference mark.
In this case, the pulse passes when the mark approaches the phase sensor. Since the distance between them is much less than between the sensor and the camshaft itself, when approached, the magnetic field of the sensor changes, which contributes to the formation of a synchronizing pulse.
On 2111 series engines, this mark is located on the camshaft itself, and on the 21214 series, on its drive pulley.
Attention! The pulse formation on the 21214 series engine occurs at the top dead center of the fourth cylinder, falling on the compression stroke.
Symptoms
Most often, malfunctions in the operation of the camshaft phase sensor occur due to banal contamination of the contacting surfaces and an open in the power circuit, while:
- The indicator lamp "CHECK" is on;
- The engine starts only after a long rotation of the starter (about ten revolutions);
- Power drops slightly with a simultaneous increase in fuel consumption (it is problematic to determine);
- Deterioration of dynamics, dips appear during acceleration.
Nothing globally - these failures will not be able to cause catastrophic failures in the engine, but it is still desirable not to delay the repair, since the price of the issue is low.
Replacing the camshaft sensor
Examination
I think you will agree that replacing the camshaft sensor with a VAZ 2110, 2112, with a VAZ 2115 should begin with checking it, which can be done by hand. To do this, we arm ourselves with a multimeter, turn it on in voltmeter mode and, with the ignition on, measure the input voltage, which should be at least twelve volts.
On 8-valve engines of the 2112 (-4) and 21114 series, the wiring block is simply disconnected from the sensor ...
... on the 16-valve "minus" of the multimeter is attached to the "mass" of the car.
If the voltage is less than this value or is completely absent, this indicates that the battery is discharged, the electronic control unit is faulty, or an open circuit has occurred in the power circuit.
Replacing the phase sensor on engines of the 2112 and 21124 series
On these engines, the sensor is located at the end, in the rear cover of the timing belt. Replacing the camshaft sensor with a VAZ 2110, VAZ 2112 is not difficult: with a “ten” key, unscrew the two bolts and remove it from the cover.
Replacing the phase sensor on engines of the 2111 and 21114 series
On engines of this series, the phase sensor is located in the camshaft cover, at the back.
Replacing the camshaft sensor with a VAZ 2115 takes place in the following order:
- With the ignition off, we disconnect the wire block, having previously squeezed out the plastic retainer on its body;
- With the key to "ten" we unscrew the bolt;
- We take out the sensor.
Advice! Do not forget to check the condition of the sealing ring, if it is defective, it should be replaced with a new one.
Attention! After you have replaced the sensor, and have not reset the errors in the electronic control unit, the engine will start to work normally only after the second start. The fault signal "CHECK" in this case will disappear by itself.
As you can see, in our case, the most difficult part of the repair was to identify the cause of the malfunction. I hope that this manual fully describes the process of diagnostics and repair, and does not require any additional videos and photographs.
The phase sensor, or as it is called in another way, the camshaft position, is designed to determine the angle of the camshaft and, depending on the readings, to supply the necessary information to the vehicle's ECU for mixture distribution and ignition control.
If the phase sensor fails or starts to fail, then a sharp jump in fuel consumption is not ruled out. This is due to the fact that the ECU automatically puts the timing in standby mode, and fuel begins to be supplied simultaneously to all cylinders. This is what leads to such consequences.
Required repair tool:
- socket head 10 mm
- ratchet or collar
The procedure for removing and installing a new phase sensor on the VAZ 2110, 2111 and 2112
First, it is worth mentioning the location of this part. If you open the hood of the car, then it is located on the right side of the oil filler neck. In order not to guess, see its location in the photo.
First of all, we disconnect the block with the power wires, for which we set aside the plastic retainer and at this time pull the plug up:
Now, using a ratchet and a head, unscrew the camshaft sensor mounting bolt:
And we take it out of the seat, as shown in the photo below:
Before proceeding with the installation of a new sensor, it is imperative to read the factory part code and markings in order to buy the exact same sensor.
The price of a new part is from 300 to 400 rubles. Installation takes place in the reverse order and does not cause difficulties.
The phase sensor (DF) is one of the many sensors that ensure the operation of the engine. The phase sensor is also called the "camshaft position sensor (DPRV)".
This sensor is not installed in the carburetor engine, and in the first models of VAZ injectors. The sensor is present in all 16-valve AvtoVAZ engines; On 8-valve Euro-3 emission standards and with phased, sequentially distributed fuel injection; It is worth noting that in the period from 2004 to 2005, for such engines as 2111, 2112,21114, 21124 with Bosch M7.9.7 engine control units and January 7.2, the mass introduction of Phase Sensors began.
Why do you need a phase sensor?
The phase sensor is designed to determine the engine operation cycle and generate a pulse signal. The phase sensor is an integral sensor, i.e. includes a sensitive element and a secondary signal-to-pulse converter. The sensitive element of the sensor works according to the Hall principle, reacting to changes in the magnetic field. The secondary element of the sensor contains a bridge circuit, an operational amplifier, an output stage. The output stage is made as an open collector.
The operation of the phase sensor is a cycle selection for the first cylinder: the camshaft determines which valve is open, which valve timing. Carburetor engines do not have this sensor. The fact is that the carburetor engine supplies a spark of a candle at the moment of compression and at the end of the start-up of exhaust gases, and for this principle of operation, the readings of the crankshaft position sensor () are sufficient. This type of engine operation is called the "ignition system".
On injection engines, when the phase sensor (DF) dies, the check lights up, and the engine switches from phased injection to the ignition system, that is, relying only on the DPKV readings.
What is the advantage of phased injection?
The phased injection system is arranged as follows: the phase sensor transmits an impulse to which controls the fuel supply and the injector injects gasoline into the cylinder just before the intake valve opens. When the valve opens, air is sucked into the intake valve and the fuel is actively mixed with the air.
Where is the phase sensor located?
The phase sensor is on the engine side of the air filter, next to the cylinder head. Pay attention to the drawing.
Symptoms of a phase sensor malfunction
If you have the following symptoms, then the phase sensor (df) is most likely faulty.
- During engine start, the starter spins for 3-4 seconds, then the engine starts and the check-range lights up. In this case, during start-up, the ecu waits for the readings from the phase sensor, does not wait and switches to the engine operating mode based on the ignition system (by DPKV).
- Increased fuel consumption. (Also read:).
- Self-diagnostic mode failures.
- Reduced engine dynamics. (the same reason may be in and in the engine).
Phase sensor error
If the sensor malfunctions, the check lights up and error P0340 pops up - “Phase sensor error” or “camshaft position sensor faulty”. But as already mentioned from the very beginning, the description of the problem is different, but the essence is the same: (I repeat once again) the phase sensor and the camshaft position sensor are the same sensor. For more information about the error and how to fix it, read the article: Most often, repairs are simple: you need to replace the sensor with a new one ().
Phase sensor price
The approximate cost of the phase sensor (DF) is 250-300 rubles.
This can happen at any time without warning. Imagine, dear motorists, the following: You are driving along a highway and driving a car at high speed, and then, unexpectedly for you, the car engine simply turns off. (?) After you experience unpleasant moments in this situation that will be associated with turning off the power steering control and deterioration in the efficiency of the braking system, you will immediately park your car on the side of the road, and then you will wonder what happened. A common cause of this unexpected engine shutdown while driving on the road is a malfunction of the camshaft sensor (camshaft position sensor).
Sometimes this camshaft sensor (CMP) can fail without warning, causing the engine to stall. In certain and some cases, the driver may not even be aware of problems with the sensor, this will occur until the car engine simply starts.
In this article, dear readers, we will consider with you the main symptoms of a malfunction of the camshaft position sensor, and also tell you what needs to be done to fix this malfunction. But first, friends, let's find out together what this sensor does in a car.
What is a Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor?
The camshaft controls the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves.
The cylinder head of a car engine contains one or two camshafts, which are equipped with special petals that are designed to operate the intake and exhaust valves. The crankshaft is located in the cylinder block itself, which, when receiving torque from the movement of the pistons in the block, transmits it (torque) using gears, a timing chain (or a timing belt) to the camshaft.
camshaft.
To determine which engine cylinder is in stroke, your car's computer monitors the camshaft rotation position relative to the crankshaft position using a camshaft sensor (CMP). The information received from the CMP sensor is necessary to adjust the timing of the spark supply to the combustion chamber and for the operation of the fuel injectors. Thus, the camshaft sensor directly affects the fuel consumption of the car and the amount of emissions in the exhaust.
The most common camshaft sensors are: - magnetic, based on the Hall effect. Both types of sensors transmit a voltage signal to the electronic engine control unit or to the machine's on-board computer.
The magnetic type of camshaft sensor produces its own alternating current (sine wave). Usually this sensor has two wires. A Hall effect sensor uses an external power supply to receive a digital signal and typically has three wires.
Camshaft position sensor.
Depending on the make and type of your vehicle, the engine may have one or more camshaft sensors. Also, two types of CMP sensors can be used in your machine.
Symptoms of a bad camshaft sensor.
Just like any part or component of your car, this CMP sensor will eventually just stop working due to wear and tear. This happens in any case as soon as its maximum service life has expired. This is usually due to wear on the internal winding of the wire or an associated component.
Usually in this case, the engine starts to run intermittently, and the symptoms of a malfunction may vary depending on the type of sensor wear. For example, the same connector may wear out in the sensor, the same internal circuitry in the sensor, or a component associated with the sensor may fail.
- On some types of vehicles, if the camshaft position sensor malfunctions, the gearbox may lock up in one of the gears, and will be locked until you turn off the engine and restart it. This can be repeated with a certain cyclicality.
- If the camshaft sensor does not work correctly while the car is moving, then you can immediately feel that your car began to move jerkily and lose speed at the same time.
- If the camshaft sensor is faulty You may experience a noticeable loss of power from the engine itself. For example, your car cannot simply go over 60 km/h.
- may stall intermittently, and all this is due to a malfunction of the CMP sensor.
- If the sensor fails, you will notice poor engine performance, it will have a loss of dynamism, misfires when the ignition is turned on, jolts during acceleration, pops in the exhaust system, etc. irregularities at work.
- On some car models, if the camshaft sensor malfunctions the ignition spark may completely disappear, which will eventually lead to a failure and an impossible start of the engine.
After your car's computer detects a malfunction of the camshaft position sensor, which will (usually) cause the "Check Engine" indicator to appear (light up) on the dashboard. After detecting such poor performance of the CMP sensor, the computer will automatically write the "error code" of the sensor into its memory. In order to accurately determine the cause of the malfunction of this camshaft sensor, i.e. by connecting special equipment to the diagnostic socket of the machine. Further, with the help of a special computer program, it will be possible to read the "error code". Below we present to you, dear motorists, a table of diagnostic "error codes" that are directly related to the wear of the camshaft sensor.
CMP camshaft position sensor error codes.
|
Common CMP DTCs |
Cause of camshaft sensor error |
|
P0340 CMP |
No signal from camshaft sensor |
|
P0341 CMP |
Incorrect valve timing |
|
P0342 CMP |
Camshaft Sensor Circuit Low |
|
P0343 CMP |
Camshaft Sensor Circuit High |
|
p0344 CMP |
Unstable signal from the camshaft sensor (intermittent signal) |
The location of the camshaft sensor in the car.
As you can probably guess by now, the specific location of the camshaft position sensor varies depending on the make and model of the vehicle. In most cars, this sensor can be found somewhere around the cylinder head itself. Look for the sensor around the top of the timing belt location or in protected parts of the electrical wiring at the front of the engine.
The sensor can also be located at the rear of the cylinder head.
Some car models may have a special compartment under the hood for this, in which the camshaft sensor is installed (for example, in certain car models manufactured by General Motors).
In addition, in some cars (in car models), the camshaft sensor may be located directly inside the cylinder head.
If necessary, you can look into the owner's manual of your car to find out exactly where the CMP sensor is located. If you do not have a manual for the repair and maintenance of your car, then you can find it on the Internet or purchase it at an auto shop, where a large selection of such auto literature is presented.
We, dear friends, strongly recommend that all car owners purchase a similar book (repair and maintenance manual) specifically for your modification and car model. This manual for the operation and repair of the car will certainly help each of you in case of any breakdown or malfunction. It will be a valuable reference for your vehicle's scheduled maintenance and minor repairs.
Troubleshooting the camshaft sensor (CMP).
If your car's computer detected a sensor error and turned on the "Check Engine" icon on the dashboard, then you can easily find out the "error code" yourself, which led to the appearance of a light indication on the dashboard. To do this, we advise each of the drivers to purchase an inexpensive set of diagnostic equipment specifically for computer diagnostics. If you cannot afford to purchase this diagnostic scanner for a car, then contact any inexpensive car service for car diagnostics, where they read the "error code" from your car's computer.
After you know from the "error code" that there is a malfunction of the camshaft sensor or related components in your car, you should do a few simple tests. Please remember, friends, that a "fault code" indicating a potential failure of the camshaft position sensor will not necessarily mean that the CMP sensor itself has failed on the car. After all, it is possible that the cause of the malfunction is not in the sensor itself, but in the sensor connector or there are damages to the wires connected to it, or the components directly connected to it may have failed.
True, friends need to be remembered in order to more accurately establish whether the camshaft sensor is functioning normally, for this you need to carry out (maybe) not a small amount of diagnostics. In particular, the following should be taken into account, in order to check the effectiveness of the CMP sensor signal, in some cases it may be necessary to use special equipment, without which it will be difficult to determine the cause of the malfunction.
However, you can make some simple checks yourself using a digital multimeter (DMM):
- First, check the camshaft sensor electrical connector and the condition of the wires. Disconnect the connector and check for signs of rust or contamination. For example, the same fuel. All this can interfere with good contact for the transmission of electricity.
Then check for damage to the wires, namely if the wires are broken, signs of melting of these wires from nearby hot surfaces.
Above all, please make sure that the camshaft sensor wires do not touch the spark plugs or ignition coils, which can interfere and prevent the sensor from transmitting the correct signal.
- After the above checks, use a digital multimeter that can test alternating current (AC) voltage or direct current (DC) - depending on the specific type of camshaft sensor that is used in your vehicle.
Also, before testing, you need to set the multimeter to the correct electrical parameters for a particular type of CPM sensor. Typically, such information is indicated in the manual for the repair and maintenance of vehicles.
- Some camshaft sensors allow you to create a CMP sensor electrical circuit splitter, this is done in order to read the signal directly from the sensor itself during its operation in the car.
If your sensor type does not allow you to connect multimeter wires to it, then you can simply disconnect the connector from the sensor and attach copper wire to it by inserting it into each sensor connector.
You can then plug the connector back into the sensor being careful not to short the wires themselves during testing. If you use (apply) this method, then do not forget to insulate the wires with electrical tape.
Testing a two-wire camshaft sensor.
If the camshaft sensor in your car has two wires, then this means that the automaker has installed a magnetic type of CMP sensor on the car. In this case, you must set the multimeter " AC voltage".
Have an assistant turn the ignition key without starting the engine.
Now we need to check the presence of electricity, which should flow through the sensor circuit. Take one lead of the multimeter and lean it against "ground" (any metal part on the motor). You should place the other end of the multimeter against each wire that you have already connected to the camshaft sensor connector. If there is no electrical current on any of the wires, then the camshaft sensor is completely faulty.
Lean one lead of the multimeter to one wire of the camshaft sensor, connect the other lead of the measuring equipment to the second wire of the sensor. Look at the multimeter display. Check the indicator with the specification specified in the car repair manual. In most cases, you will get an oscillating signal between 0.3 and 1 volt.
If there is no signal on the display, then the camshaft position sensor is faulty.
Testing a three-wire camshaft sensor.
After you have checked the wires of the camshaft sensor, as well as the condition of its connector, etc., then you have determined that a three-wire CPM sensor is installed in your car, which means it's time to check its performance with a multimeter. To do this, set the multimeter to " direct current".
Have an assistant turn the key in the ignition, but without starting the engine.
Lean one of the multimeter wires to the "ground" (to a metal bracket, to a bolt or to a metal part of the engine). Connect the other wire of the multimeter to the power wire of the sensor. Compare the readings on the multimeter to the specifications in the machine's repair manual.
Have your assistant start the engine.
Connect the red wire of the multimeter to the red wire of the sensor, and the black wire of the multimeter to the black wire of the sensor. Compare the readings on your multimeter to the specifications found in your vehicle's repair manual. If the indicator on the multimeter is lower than indicated in the repair manual or the data is completely missing, then most likely the camshaft sensor is out of order.
Remove the camshaft sensor and inspect it for signs of physical damage or contamination.
If, after self-diagnosis of the camshaft position sensor, you have established that it is fully functional, then there may be a breakdown or malfunction in the vehicle components associated with the sensor.
For example, the timing chain (or) may be understretched or, on the contrary, overtightened. It is also possible that the belt tensioner or timing chain itself has worn out.. Be very careful!!!
With such problems with the machine, a badly worn timing belt can also be the cause of the malfunction. Because of this, the camshaft and crankshaft can become out of sync. Ultimately, this camshaft sensor may send the wrong signal to the car's computer. As a result, this leads to incorrect ignition and incorrect fuel injection.
